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Lingvistika - Slovesa, časy a nálady
Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související se slovesy, časy a náladami, jako je „participium“, „modální“ a „imperativ“.
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a verb that is used with other verbs to indicate tense, voice, etc., such as do, have, and be
pomocné sloveso, auxiliární sloveso
a grammatical tense used to describe actions or events that are expected to happen after the present moment
budoucí čas, čas budoucí
(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact
indiktiv, indikativ
(grammar) the root form of a verb
infinitiv, základní tvar slovesa
(grammar) a verb that is used with the main verb of a sentence to indicate possibility, intention, etc., such as can, might, should, etc.
modální sloveso, modální
(grammar) a word made from a verb, used as an adjective or a noun, and also used to make compound verb forms in English
přídavné jméno, participle
a grammatical form used to describe actions, events, or states that have already occurred or existed in the past
minulý čas, čas minulý
a form of a verb that "ed", etc. is added to the end of it which is used to form passive or present tenses or adjectives
minulý příčestí, předminulý čas
(grammar) a verb form that shows an action that was completed before another action or time in the past
předminulý čas, čas minulý předminulý
a grammatical tense used to describe actions or states that are currently happening or are habitual
přítomný čas, čas přítomný
(grammar) a verb form that typically ends in -ing and is used to indicate ongoing actions, continuous states, or simultaneous actions in relation to the main verb of a sentence
přítomný příčestí, přítomný participium
(grammar) the basic forms of a verb that help create all its tenses
hlavní části, základní tvary
(grammar) a verb tense that is used to indicate an ongoing state or action
progresivní čas, progresivní tvar
(grammar) a mood in verbs that expresses wishes, possibility or uncertainty
subjunktiv, subjunktivní způsob
a verb form that agrees with the subject in tense, number, and person, indicating actions or states that are specific to a particular time and subject
omezený sloveso, finitní sloveso
the process of inflecting a verb to show its different forms according to tense, aspect, mood, voice, number, and person
konjugace, skloňování
a verb that can be used either transitively or intransitively without changing its form
labilní sloveso, sloveso labile
a verb that indicates that the subject of the verb is also the recipient of the action, typically expressed by using a reflexive pronoun that reflects back to the subject
reflexivní sloveso, reflexivní verb
a verb that describes an action or event where the subject undergoes a change or experiences a state without actively performing the action, typically indicating an involuntary or spontaneous process
neakuzativní sloveso, neaktualizující sloveso
a type of auxiliary verb that is used to express modality, indicating the speaker's attitude towards the action or state expressed by the main verb, such as possibility, necessity, ability, or permission
modální pomocné sloveso, modální auxilární sloveso
a verb that describes an action or event performed by the subject, indicating an active and voluntary process, without requiring a direct object
unergativní sloveso, aktivní sloveso
(grammar) a verb without a direct object
nepřechodné sloveso, sloveso bez předmětu
(grammar) a verb that needs a direct object
přechodné sloveso, sloveso s přímým objektem
a verb that describes an action or event where the subject undergoes a change or experiences a state without an external agent causing the action, typically indicating a spontaneous or natural process
antikausativní sloveso, sloveso bezpříčinné
a verb that can function both transitively and intransitively, meaning it can take a direct object or be used without a direct object, depending on the context and meaning intended
ambitranzitivní sloveso, sloveso s oběma tranzitivními funkcemi
a verb that carries the main semantic content in a sentence and conveys the core meaning of the action or state being described
lexikální sloveso, sloveso s obsahem
a verb that expresses an action or movement performed by the subject of the sentence
sloveso činnosti, akční sloveso
a verb that connects the subject of a sentence to a subject complement, which can be a noun, pronoun, or adjective, and it serves to equate or describe the subject
přechodné sloveso, náležitostní sloveso
a verb that follows a predictable pattern or rule when forming its past tense and past participle forms by adding "-ed" or "-d" to the base form of the verb
pravidelný sloveso, pravidelný verb
a verb that deviates from the standard pattern of forming past tense and past participle forms, requiring unique or modified forms that do not follow a consistent rule
irregulární sloveso, nepravidelné sloveso
a verb that describes a state, condition, or state of being rather than an action or movement
stativní sloveso, stavové sloveso
(grammar) an idiomatic expression that is formed by a verb and a particle which has a particular meaning
frázové sloveso, slovesná fráze
(grammar) a verb or verb phrase that expresses an order to do something
imperativní sloveso, příkazné sloveso
a verb form that does not function as the main verb in a sentence and does not indicate tense, number, or person
neomezený slovesný tvar, nefinální sloveso
the mood of a verb that indicates an action that happens only if another action happens or is true
podmínkový způsob, podmínka
a mood of a verb or phrase that expresses an order
imperativ, příkaz
a verb tense that expresses an action that will be completed in the future before a specified point or event
future perfect, budoucí dokonavý čas
a verb tense used to describe habitual actions, general truths, and regular occurrences in the present
přítomný čas jednoduchý, jednoduchý přítomný čas
a verb tense used to express an action or event that will occur in the future
budoucí prostý čas, futurum prosté
a verb tense used to describe completed actions or events that happened in the past
minulý čas, činnost minulá
a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the present, formed by using the present tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb
přítomný průběhový čas, přítomný čas průběhový
a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the past, formed by using the past tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb
minulý průběhový čas, průběhový čas v minulosti
a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the future, formed by using the future tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb
budoucí progresiv, budoucí průběhový
the form of a verb that expresses an action done during a period of time up to and including the present, formed with the present tense of 'have' and the past participle of a verb in English
přítomný čas dokonavý, přítomný perfectní tvar
a verb tense used to describe ongoing or continuous actions that started in the past and continue into the present, formed by using the present perfect tense of "to have" followed by "been" and the present participle of the main verb
přítomný perfektní průběhový čas, přítomný dokonavý průběhový čas
a verb tense used to describe ongoing or continuous actions that started in the past and continued up until another point in the past, formed by using the past perfect tense of "to have" followed by "been" and the present participle of the main verb
minulý čas dokonavý průběhový, předminulý čas průběhový
a verb tense that indicates an ongoing or continuous action that will start in the future and continue until a specific future point
budoucí dokonavý průběhový čas, budoucí perfektní průběhový čas
a verb that requires both a direct object and an additional complement or object that provides more information or further specifies the action
komplexní tranzitivní sloveso, komplexní tranzitivní verb
a verb that takes both a direct object and an indirect object, indicating that the action of the verb is performed on or transferred to someone or something
ditransitivní sloveso, sloveso s dvojím objektem
a verb that is used in certain constructions to fulfill a grammatical function without conveying any significant meaning or action
dummy sloveso, fiktivní sloveso
a verb that can be followed by another verb, either in the form of a bare infinitive or an -ing form, creating a chain or sequence of verbs in a sentence
katenativní sloveso, sloveso vytvářející řetězec
(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it
hlas, gramatická forma
(in grammar) the form of a verb used when the grammatical subject is affected by the action of the verb, rather than performing it
trpný rod, pasivní hlas
(grammar) the voice in which the subject is the agent that does the action of the verb
činný rod, aktovní hlas
a verb that was commonly used in earlier periods of language but is now considered outdated or no longer in common usage
archaické sloveso, zastaralé sloveso
a grammatical mood used to make statements or express facts, opinions, or information
deklarativní způsob, oznamovací způsob
a grammatical mood used to convey intense emotions, excitement, surprise, or strong statements, typically marked by the use of exclamation marks and vibrant language to express enthusiasm, astonishment, joy, or other intense feelings
vykřičný způsob, exklamační způsob
a type of conditional sentence that expresses a factual or general truth, where the condition and the result are both in the present tense and the condition is always true, often formed using the present simple tense in both the condition and result clauses
nulový kondicionál, podmínková souvětí typu nula
a group of verbs that have some characteristics of modal verbs but also exhibit certain features of regular main verbs in terms of their usage and behavior in sentences
polomodiální sloveso, polomodální verb
a multi-functional word that combines verb and preposition properties, serving as a single morpheme to express complex ideas in languages like Chinese and Korean
předložkový sloveso, verbální předložka
the property of a verb that indicates whether it takes a direct object or not, determining the number and types of arguments it requires in a sentence
transitivita, přechodnost
a type of verb in which a particle, typically an adverb or a preposition, can be separated from the main verb and placed either before or after the object in a sentence, often resulting in a change in meaning or emphasis
oddělitelný sloveso, separabilní sloveso
a verb form that expresses an action that has been completed prior to another point in time
perfektní participium, dokonavý participium
a grammatical construction that alters a transitive verb by omitting or demoting the object, shifting the focus to the subject and emphasizing the action or the subject's involvement
antipasivní hlas, antipasivní způsob
a grammatical construction used to express a passive action without specifying the agent or doer of the action, focusing instead on the action itself or its general occurrence
neosobní pasivní hlas, neosobní pasiv
