Lingvistika - Slovesa, časy a nálady

a verb that is used with other verbs to indicate tense, voice, etc., such as do, have, and be

pomocné sloveso

a grammatical tense used to describe actions or events that are expected to happen after the present moment

budoucí čas, čas budoucí

(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

označovací způsob

(grammar) the root form of a verb

infinitiv

(grammar) a verb that is used with the main verb of a sentence to indicate possibility, intention, etc., such as can, might, should, etc.

modální, modální sloveso

(grammar) a word made from a verb, used as an adjective or a noun, and also used to make compound verb forms in English

přídavné jméno

a grammatical form used to describe actions, events, or states that have already occurred or existed in the past

minulý čas, čas minulý

a form of a verb that "ed", etc. is added to the end of it which is used to form passive or present tenses or adjectives

minulý příčestí, příčestí minulého

(grammar) a verb form that shows an action that was completed before another action or time in the past

předminulý čas, minulý dokonavý čas

a grammatical tense used to describe actions or states that are currently happening or are habitual

přítomný čas

(grammar) a verb form that typically ends in -ing and is used to indicate ongoing actions, continuous states, or simultaneous actions in relation to the main verb of a sentence

přítomný příčestí, aktivní příčestí

(grammar) the basic forms of a verb that help create all its tenses

hlavní části, základní tvary

(grammar) a verb tense that is used to indicate an ongoing state or action

progresivní čas, progresivní aspekt

(grammar) a mood in verbs that expresses wishes, possibility or uncertainty

subjunktiv, reklamativní mluv

a verb form that agrees with the subject in tense, number, and person, indicating actions or states that are specific to a particular time and subject

určitý sloveso, konjugované sloveso

the process of inflecting a verb to show its different forms according to tense, aspect, mood, voice, number, and person

konjugace, flexe

a verb that can be used either transitively or intransitively without changing its form

labilní sloveso, podstatné jméno labilní

a verb that indicates that the subject of the verb is also the recipient of the action, typically expressed by using a reflexive pronoun that reflects back to the subject

reflexivní sloveso, pronominální sloveso

a verb that describes an action or event where the subject undergoes a change or experiences a state without actively performing the action, typically indicating an involuntary or spontaneous process

neakuzativní sloveso, sloveso neakuzativního typu

a type of auxiliary verb that is used to express modality, indicating the speaker's attitude towards the action or state expressed by the main verb, such as possibility, necessity, ability, or permission

módový pomocný sloveso, modální pomocné sloveso

a verb that describes an action or event performed by the subject, indicating an active and voluntary process, without requiring a direct object

uneragtivní sloveso, aktivní sloveso

(grammar) a verb without a direct object

nepřechodné sloveso, sloveso bez přímého objetí

(grammar) a verb that needs a direct object

přechodné sloveso, sloveso vyžadující přímý objekt

a verb that describes an action or event where the subject undergoes a change or experiences a state without an external agent causing the action, typically indicating a spontaneous or natural process

antikausativní sloveso, inchoativní sloveso

a verb that can function both transitively and intransitively, meaning it can take a direct object or be used without a direct object, depending on the context and meaning intended

ambitransitivní sloveso, sloveso ambitransitivního charakteru

a verb that carries the main semantic content in a sentence and conveys the core meaning of the action or state being described

lexikální sloveso, sloveso obsahu

a verb that expresses an action or movement performed by the subject of the sentence

sloveso akce, aktivní sloveso

a verb that connects the subject of a sentence to a subject complement, which can be a noun, pronoun, or adjective, and it serves to equate or describe the subject

sponové sloveso, vazební sloveso

a verb that follows a predictable pattern or rule when forming its past tense and past participle forms by adding "-ed" or "-d" to the base form of the verb

pravidelný sloveso, sloveso s pravidelným tvarem

a verb that deviates from the standard pattern of forming past tense and past participle forms, requiring unique or modified forms that do not follow a consistent rule

nepravidelné sloveso, anomalické sloveso

a verb that describes a state, condition, or state of being rather than an action or movement

stativní sloveso, sloveso stavu

(grammar) an idiomatic expression that is formed by a verb and a particle which has a particular meaning

frázové sloveso, idiomatický výraz

(grammar) a verb or verb phrase that expresses an order to do something

imperativ, imperativní sloveso

a verb form that does not function as the main verb in a sentence and does not indicate tense, number, or person

nefinitní sloveso, neomezené sloveso

the mood of a verb that indicates an action that happens only if another action happens or is true

podmínková

a mood of a verb or phrase that expresses an order

imperativ

a verb tense that expresses an action that will be completed in the future before a specified point or event

budoucí dokonavý, čas budoucí dokonavý

a verb tense used to describe habitual actions, general truths, and regular occurrences in the present

přítomný čas prostý, prostý přítomný čas

a verb tense used to express an action or event that will occur in the future

budoucí prostý, prostý čas budoucí

a verb tense used to describe completed actions or events that happened in the past

minulý čas, jednoduchý minulý čas

a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the present, formed by using the present tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb

přítomný průběhový čas, průběhový čas přítomný

a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the past, formed by using the past tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb

minulý průběhový, minulý progresivní

a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the future, formed by using the future tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb

budoucí průběhový čas, budoucí progresiv

‌the form of a verb that expresses an action done during a period of time up to and including the present, formed with the present tense of 'have' and the past participle of a verb in English

přítomný dokonavý, dokonavý čas

a verb tense used to describe ongoing or continuous actions that started in the past and continue into the present, formed by using the present perfect tense of "to have" followed by "been" and the present participle of the main verb

přítomný dokonavý průběhový čas, tvar přítomného dokonavého průběhového času

a verb tense used to describe ongoing or continuous actions that started in the past and continued up until another point in the past, formed by using the past perfect tense of "to have" followed by "been" and the present participle of the main verb

předminulý průběhový, minulý perfektní průběhový

a verb tense that indicates an ongoing or continuous action that will start in the future and continue until a specific future point

budoucí dokonavý průběhový, čas budoucího dokonavého průběhu

a verb that requires both a direct object and an additional complement or object that provides more information or further specifies the action

složitý tranzitivní sloveso, tranzitivní sloveso s doplňkem

a verb that takes both a direct object and an indirect object, indicating that the action of the verb is performed on or transferred to someone or something

dvojný vid, sloveso s přímým a nepřímým objektem

a verb that is used in certain constructions to fulfill a grammatical function without conveying any significant meaning or action

dummy sloveso, bezvýznamné sloveso

a verb that can be followed by another verb, either in the form of a bare infinitive or an -ing form, creating a chain or sequence of verbs in a sentence

katenační sloveso, řetězové sloveso

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

hlas (gramatický), aktivní/pasivní hlas

(in grammar) the form of a verb used when the grammatical subject is affected by the action of the verb, rather than performing it

trpný rod

(grammar) the voice in which the subject is the agent that does the action of the verb

činný rod

a verb that was commonly used in earlier periods of language but is now considered outdated or no longer in common usage

archaické sloveso, staré sloveso

a grammatical mood used to make statements or express facts, opinions, or information

deklarační mood, deklarační způsob

a grammatical mood used to convey intense emotions, excitement, surprise, or strong statements, typically marked by the use of exclamation marks and vibrant language to express enthusiasm, astonishment, joy, or other intense feelings

exklamativní způsob, exklamativní mood

a type of conditional sentence that expresses a factual or general truth, where the condition and the result are both in the present tense and the condition is always true, often formed using the present simple tense in both the condition and result clauses

nulová podmínka, nulová podmínková věta

a group of verbs that have some characteristics of modal verbs but also exhibit certain features of regular main verbs in terms of their usage and behavior in sentences

semi-módální (sloveso), sloveso semi-módální

a multi-functional word that combines verb and preposition properties, serving as a single morpheme to express complex ideas in languages like Chinese and Korean

pokrytí sloves, sloveso-předložka

the property of a verb that indicates whether it takes a direct object or not, determining the number and types of arguments it requires in a sentence

transitivita, vlastnost transitivity

a type of verb in which a particle, typically an adverb or a preposition, can be separated from the main verb and placed either before or after the object in a sentence, often resulting in a change in meaning or emphasis

oddělitelný sloveso, sloveso s částicí

a verb form that expresses an action that has been completed prior to another point in time

perfektní příčestí

a grammatical construction that alters a transitive verb by omitting or demoting the object, shifting the focus to the subject and emphasizing the action or the subject's involvement

antipasivní hlas, antipasivní forma

a grammatical construction used to express a passive action without specifying the agent or doer of the action, focusing instead on the action itself or its general occurrence

neosobní pasiv, pasiv bez určení agenta