pattern

زبان‌شناسی - افعال، زمان ها و حالات

در اینجا شما برخی از کلمات انگلیسی مربوط به افعال، زمان‌ها و حالات مانند "participle"، "modal" و "imperative" را یاد خواهید گرفت.

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auxiliary verb

a verb that is used with other verbs to indicate tense, voice, etc., such as do, have, and be

فعل کمکی

فعل کمکی

Ex: The teacher explained that auxiliary verbs like 'have' and 'will' help to form different tenses and aspects. 
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future tense
future tense
[اسم]

a grammatical tense used to describe actions or events that are expected to happen after the present moment

زمان آینده (دستورزبان)

زمان آینده (دستورزبان)

Ex: In English, the future tense is often formed using "will" or "shall." 
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indicative
indicative
[اسم]

(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

وجه اخباری

وجه اخباری

Ex: The indicative in English is used for straightforward statements and questions. 
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infinitive
infinitive
[اسم]

(grammar) the root form of a verb

مصدر (دستورزبان)

مصدر (دستورزبان)

Ex: In English grammar, the infinitive is the base form of a verb, typically preceded by "to." 
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modal
modal
[اسم]

(grammar) a verb that is used with the main verb of a sentence to indicate possibility, intention, etc., such as can, might, should, etc.

فعل وجهی

فعل وجهی

Ex: The teacher explained that modals are auxiliary verbs that help convey different shades of meaning. 
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participle
participle
[اسم]

(grammar) a word made from a verb, used as an adjective or a noun, and also used to make compound verb forms in English

وجه وصفی (دستورزبان)

وجه وصفی (دستورزبان)

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past tense
past tense
[اسم]

a grammatical form used to describe actions, events, or states that have already occurred or existed in the past

زمان گذشته (دستورزبان), زمان ماضی

زمان گذشته (دستورزبان), زمان ماضی

Ex: In English, regular verbs form the past tense by adding "ed" at the end, like "talked" or "walked." 
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past participle

a form of a verb that "ed", etc. is added to the end of it which is used to form passive or present tenses or adjectives

اسم مفعول (دستورزبان), صفت مفعولی

اسم مفعول (دستورزبان), صفت مفعولی

Ex: She was confused about the past participle of the verb 'to go' and asked her teacher for clarification. 
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past perfect tense

(grammar) a verb form that shows an action that was completed before another action or time in the past

زمان گذشته کامل

زمان گذشته کامل

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present tense

a grammatical tense used to describe actions or states that are currently happening or are habitual

زمان حال (دستورزبان)

زمان حال (دستورزبان)

Ex: In English, the verb "run" in "I run every morning" is in the present tense. 
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present participle

(grammar) a verb form that typically ends in -ing and is used to indicate ongoing actions, continuous states, or simultaneous actions in relation to the main verb of a sentence

وجه وصفی حال (دستورزبان)

وجه وصفی حال (دستورزبان)

Ex: The present participle of "run" is "running." 
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principal parts

(grammar) the basic forms of a verb that help create all its tenses

بن (دستورزبان), ریشه

بن (دستورزبان), ریشه

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progressive tense

(grammar) a verb tense that is used to indicate an ongoing state or action

زمان استمراری (دستورزبان)

زمان استمراری (دستورزبان)

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subjunctive mood

(grammar) a mood in verbs that expresses wishes, possibility or uncertainty

وجه التزامی (دستورزبان)

وجه التزامی (دستورزبان)

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finite verb
finite verb
[اسم]

a verb form that agrees with the subject in tense, number, and person, indicating actions or states that are specific to a particular time and subject

فعل محدود, فعل صرف شده

فعل محدود, فعل صرف شده

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conjugation
conjugation
[اسم]

the process of inflecting a verb to show its different forms according to tense, aspect, mood, voice, number, and person

صرف

صرف

Ex: The conjugation of irregular verbs can be challenging for language learners. 
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labile verb
labile verb
[اسم]

a verb that can be used either transitively or intransitively without changing its form

*فعل کنایی

*فعل کنایی

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reflexive verb

a verb that indicates that the subject of the verb is also the recipient of the action, typically expressed by using a reflexive pronoun that reflects back to the subject

فعل انعکاسی, فعل بازتابی

فعل انعکاسی, فعل بازتابی

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unaccusative verb

a verb that describes an action or event where the subject undergoes a change or experiences a state without actively performing the action, typically indicating an involuntary or spontaneous process

فعل غیر متعدی, فعل غیر متهم

فعل غیر متعدی, فعل غیر متهم

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modal auxiliary

a type of auxiliary verb that is used to express modality, indicating the speaker's attitude towards the action or state expressed by the main verb, such as possibility, necessity, ability, or permission

فعل کمکی وجهی, کمکی وجهی

فعل کمکی وجهی, کمکی وجهی

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unergative verb

a verb that describes an action or event performed by the subject, indicating an active and voluntary process, without requiring a direct object

فعل اینرگتیو, فعل متعدی فعال

فعل اینرگتیو, فعل متعدی فعال

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intransitive verb

(grammar) a verb without a direct object

فعل ناگذر, فعل لازم

فعل ناگذر, فعل لازم

Ex: An intransitive verb is a verb that does not require a direct object to complete its meaning. 
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transitive verb

(grammar) a verb that needs a direct object

فعل گذرا, فعل متعدی

فعل گذرا, فعل متعدی

Ex: A transitive verb is a verb that requires a direct object to complete its meaning. 
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anticausative verb

a verb that describes an action or event where the subject undergoes a change or experiences a state without an external agent causing the action, typically indicating a spontaneous or natural process

فعل ضد سببی, فعل غیر متعدی

فعل ضد سببی, فعل غیر متعدی

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ambitransitive verb

a verb that can function both transitively and intransitively, meaning it can take a direct object or be used without a direct object, depending on the context and meaning intended

فعل دوسویه, فعلی که می‌تواند هم متعدی و هم لازم باشد بسته به زمینه و معنای مورد نظر

فعل دوسویه, فعلی که می‌تواند هم متعدی و هم لازم باشد بسته به زمینه و معنای مورد نظر

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lexical verb
lexical verb
[اسم]

a verb that carries the main semantic content in a sentence and conveys the core meaning of the action or state being described

فعل واژگانی, فعل کامل المعنی

فعل واژگانی, فعل کامل المعنی

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action verb
action verb
[اسم]

a verb that expresses an action or movement performed by the subject of the sentence

فعل عمل, فعل حرکت

فعل عمل, فعل حرکت

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linking verb
linking verb
[اسم]

a verb that connects the subject of a sentence to a subject complement, which can be a noun, pronoun, or adjective, and it serves to equate or describe the subject

فعل پیوندی, فعل ربطی

فعل پیوندی, فعل ربطی

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regular verb
regular verb
[اسم]

a verb that follows a predictable pattern or rule when forming its past tense and past participle forms by adding "-ed" or "-d" to the base form of the verb

فعل منظم, فعلی که از قاعده پیروی می‌کند

فعل منظم, فعلی که از قاعده پیروی می‌کند

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irregular verb

a verb that deviates from the standard pattern of forming past tense and past participle forms, requiring unique or modified forms that do not follow a consistent rule

فعل بیقاعده, فعل نامنظم

فعل بیقاعده, فعل نامنظم

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stative verb
stative verb
[اسم]

a verb that describes a state, condition, or state of being rather than an action or movement

فعل حالتی

فعل حالتی

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phrasal verb
phrasal verb
[اسم]

(grammar) an idiomatic expression that is formed by a verb and a particle which has a particular meaning

فعل عبارتی

فعل عبارتی

Ex: "Turn off" is a phrasal verb, meaning to stop a device from working. 
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imperative verb

(grammar) a verb or verb phrase that expresses an order to do something

فعل امری

فعل امری

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non-finite verb

a verb form that does not function as the main verb in a sentence and does not indicate tense, number, or person

فعل غیرمشخص, فعل غیرشخصی

فعل غیرمشخص, فعل غیرشخصی

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the conditional

the verb mood expressing an action that occurs only if another action or condition is fulfilled

وجه شرطی

وجه شرطی

Ex: The conditional is used in "I would go if I had time." 
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imperative
imperative
[اسم]

a mood of a verb or phrase that expresses an order

وجه امری

وجه امری

Ex: The teacher explained that "Sit down!" is an imperative used to give a direct command. 
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future perfect

a verb tense that expresses an action that will be completed in the future before a specified point or event

آینده کامل

آینده کامل

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present simple

a verb tense used to describe habitual actions, general truths, and regular occurrences in the present

حال ساده

حال ساده

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future simple

a verb tense used to express an action or event that will occur in the future

آینده ساده, زمان آینده ساده

آینده ساده, زمان آینده ساده

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past simple
past simple
[اسم]

a verb tense used to describe completed actions or events that happened in the past

گذشته ساده

گذشته ساده

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present progressive

a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the present, formed by using the present tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb

حال استمراری

حال استمراری

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past progressive

a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the past, formed by using the past tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb

ماضی استمراری

ماضی استمراری

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future progressive

a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the future, formed by using the future tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb

زمان آینده استمراری

زمان آینده استمراری

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present perfect

‌the form of a verb that expresses an action done during a period of time up to and including the present, formed with the present tense of 'have' and the past participle of a verb in English

*حال کامل

*حال کامل

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present perfect progressive

a verb tense used to describe ongoing or continuous actions that started in the past and continue into the present, formed by using the present perfect tense of "to have" followed by "been" and the present participle of the main verb

حال کامل استمراری, کامل استمراری حال

حال کامل استمراری, کامل استمراری حال

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past perfect progressive

a verb tense used to describe ongoing or continuous actions that started in the past and continued up until another point in the past, formed by using the past perfect tense of "to have" followed by "been" and the present participle of the main verb

گذشته کامل پیشرونده, گذشته کامل استمراری

گذشته کامل پیشرونده, گذشته کامل استمراری

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future perfect progressive

a verb tense that indicates an ongoing or continuous action that will start in the future and continue until a specific future point

آینده کامل پیشرونده, آینده کامل مستمر

آینده کامل پیشرونده, آینده کامل مستمر

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complex transitive verb

a verb that requires both a direct object and an additional complement or object that provides more information or further specifies the action

فعل متعدی مرکب, فعل متعدی با متمم

فعل متعدی مرکب, فعل متعدی با متمم

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ditransitive verb

a verb that takes both a direct object and an indirect object, indicating that the action of the verb is performed on or transferred to someone or something

فعل دوگذرا

فعل دوگذرا

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dummy verb
dummy verb
[اسم]

a verb that is used in certain constructions to fulfill a grammatical function without conveying any significant meaning or action

فعل ساختگی, فعل خالی

فعل ساختگی, فعل خالی

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catenative verb

a verb that can be followed by another verb, either in the form of a bare infinitive or an -ing form, creating a chain or sequence of verbs in a sentence

فعل زنجیرهای, فعل پیوندی

فعل زنجیرهای, فعل پیوندی

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voice
voice
[اسم]

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

جهت فعل (دستورزبان)

جهت فعل (دستورزبان)

Ex: Active voice, on the other hand, is used when the subject of a sentence performs the action expressed by the verb. 
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passive voice

(in grammar) the form of a verb used when the grammatical subject is affected by the action of the verb, rather than performing it

حالت مجهول

حالت مجهول

Ex: Passive voice is often used when the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant. 
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active voice
active voice
[اسم]

(grammar) the voice in which the subject is the agent that does the action of the verb

حالت معلوم

حالت معلوم

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archaic verb
archaic verb
[اسم]

a verb that was commonly used in earlier periods of language but is now considered outdated or no longer in common usage

فعل کهنه, فعل منسوخ

فعل کهنه, فعل منسوخ

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declarative mood

a grammatical mood used to make statements or express facts, opinions, or information

حالت اخباری, مود اعلامی

حالت اخباری, مود اعلامی

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exclamatory mood

a grammatical mood used to convey intense emotions, excitement, surprise, or strong statements, typically marked by the use of exclamation marks and vibrant language to express enthusiasm, astonishment, joy, or other intense feelings

حالت تعجبی, حالت هیجانی

حالت تعجبی, حالت هیجانی

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zero conditional

a type of conditional sentence that expresses a factual or general truth, where the condition and the result are both in the present tense and the condition is always true, often formed using the present simple tense in both the condition and result clauses

شرط صفر, جمله شرطی نوع صفر

شرط صفر, جمله شرطی نوع صفر

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semi-modal
semi-modal
[اسم]

a group of verbs that have some characteristics of modal verbs but also exhibit certain features of regular main verbs in terms of their usage and behavior in sentences

نیمه-مودال, فعل نیمه-مودال

نیمه-مودال, فعل نیمه-مودال

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coverb
coverb
[اسم]

a multi-functional word that combines verb and preposition properties, serving as a single morpheme to express complex ideas in languages like Chinese and Korean

کاورب, کلمه پوششی

کاورب, کلمه پوششی

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transitivity
transitivity
[اسم]

the property of a verb that indicates whether it takes a direct object or not, determining the number and types of arguments it requires in a sentence

گذرایی

گذرایی

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separable verb

a type of verb in which a particle, typically an adverb or a preposition, can be separated from the main verb and placed either before or after the object in a sentence, often resulting in a change in meaning or emphasis

فعل قابل تفکیک

فعل قابل تفکیک

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perfect participle

a verb form that expresses an action that has been completed prior to another point in time

صفت مفعولی کامل, حالت کامل فعل

صفت مفعولی کامل, حالت کامل فعل

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antipassive voice

a grammatical construction that alters a transitive verb by omitting or demoting the object, shifting the focus to the subject and emphasizing the action or the subject's involvement

صدای ضد مجهول, ساختار ضد مجهول

صدای ضد مجهول, ساختار ضد مجهول

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impersonal passive voice

a grammatical construction used to express a passive action without specifying the agent or doer of the action, focusing instead on the action itself or its general occurrence

صیغه مجهول غیرشخصی, ساختار مجهول غیرشخصی

صیغه مجهول غیرشخصی, ساختار مجهول غیرشخصی

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