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Lingvistică - Verbe, Timpuri și Moduri

Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză legate de verbe, timpuri și moduri precum "participiu", "modal" și "imperativ".

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auxiliary verb
[substantiv]

a verb that is used with other verbs to indicate tense, voice, etc., such as do, have, and be

verb auxiliar

verb auxiliar

Ex: In the question, "Do you understand?"În întrebarea "Înțelegi?", cuvântul "înțelegi" este un **verb auxiliar**.
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future tense
[substantiv]

a grammatical tense used to describe actions or events that are expected to happen after the present moment

viitor, timpul viitor

viitor, timpul viitor

Ex: She explained how the future tense can indicate predictions or intentions .Ea a explicat cum **viitorul** poate indica predicții sau intenții.
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indicative
[substantiv]

(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

indicativ

indicativ

Ex: Teachers emphasize the importance of mastering the indicative for fluency in speaking and writing.Profesorii subliniază importanța stăpânirii **indicativului** pentru fluență în vorbire și scriere.
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infinitive
[substantiv]

(grammar) the root form of a verb

infinitiv, forma de bază a verbului

infinitiv, forma de bază a verbului

Ex: Infinitives are versatile and can be used in various grammatical constructions to express different meanings and functions .**Infinitivul** este versatil și poate fi utilizat în diverse construcții gramaticale pentru a exprima diferite semnificații și funcții.
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modal
[substantiv]

(grammar) a verb that is used with the main verb of a sentence to indicate possibility, intention, etc., such as can, might, should, etc.

verb modal, auxiliar modal

verb modal, auxiliar modal

Ex: Modals can sometimes be tricky because their meanings can change depending on the context .**Verbele modale** pot fi uneori dificile deoarece semnificațiile lor se pot schimba în funcție de context.
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participle
[substantiv]

(grammar) a word made from a verb, used as an adjective or a noun, and also used to make compound verb forms in English

participiu, formă participială

participiu, formă participială

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past tense
[substantiv]

a grammatical form used to describe actions, events, or states that have already occurred or existed in the past

timpul trecut, trecut

timpul trecut, trecut

Ex: In the past tense, the verb " eat " changes to " ate . "La **timpul trecut**, verbul "a mânca" se schimbă în "a mâncat".
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past participle
[substantiv]

a form of a verb that "ed", etc. is added to the end of it which is used to form passive or present tenses or adjectives

participiu trecut, participiu trecut al verbului

participiu trecut, participiu trecut al verbului

Ex: Understanding past participles is crucial for constructing sentences in the past perfect tense .Înțelegerea **participiilor trecut** este crucială pentru construirea propozițiilor la timpul mai mult ca perfect.
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past perfect tense
[substantiv]

(grammar) a verb form that shows an action that was completed before another action or time in the past

mai mult ca perfect, timpul mai mult ca perfect

mai mult ca perfect, timpul mai mult ca perfect

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present tense
[substantiv]

a grammatical tense used to describe actions or states that are currently happening or are habitual

timpul prezent, prezent

timpul prezent, prezent

Ex: In this passage , the author switches to the present tense for added immediacy .În acest pasaj, autorul trece la **prezent** pentru a adăuga imediatitate.
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present participle
[substantiv]

(grammar) a verb form that typically ends in -ing and is used to indicate ongoing actions, continuous states, or simultaneous actions in relation to the main verb of a sentence

participiu prezent, gerunziu

participiu prezent, gerunziu

Ex: Present participles are also used as adjectives , like " a smiling face . "**Participiile prezente** sunt de asemenea folosite ca adjective, cum ar fi "o față zâmbitoare".
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principal parts
[substantiv]

(grammar) the basic forms of a verb that help create all its tenses

părți principale, forme de bază ale verbului

părți principale, forme de bază ale verbului

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progressive tense
[substantiv]

(grammar) a verb tense that is used to indicate an ongoing state or action

timp progresiv, timp continuu

timp progresiv, timp continuu

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subjunctive mood
[substantiv]

(grammar) a mood in verbs that expresses wishes, possibility or uncertainty

mod conjunctiv, conjunctiv

mod conjunctiv, conjunctiv

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finite verb
[substantiv]

a verb form that agrees with the subject in tense, number, and person, indicating actions or states that are specific to a particular time and subject

verb finit, verb conjugat

verb finit, verb conjugat

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conjugation
[substantiv]

the process of inflecting a verb to show its different forms according to tense, aspect, mood, voice, number, and person

conjugare

conjugare

Ex: The teacher emphasized the importance of accurate conjugation in written assignments .Profesorul a subliniat importanța **conjugării** corecte în temele scrise.
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labile verb
[substantiv]

a verb that can be used either transitively or intransitively without changing its form

verb labil, verb cu construcție dublă

verb labil, verb cu construcție dublă

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reflexive verb
[substantiv]

a verb that indicates that the subject of the verb is also the recipient of the action, typically expressed by using a reflexive pronoun that reflects back to the subject

verb reflexiv, verb pronominal

verb reflexiv, verb pronominal

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unaccusative verb
[substantiv]

a verb that describes an action or event where the subject undergoes a change or experiences a state without actively performing the action, typically indicating an involuntary or spontaneous process

verb inacuzativ, verb neacuzativ

verb inacuzativ, verb neacuzativ

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modal auxiliary
[substantiv]

a type of auxiliary verb that is used to express modality, indicating the speaker's attitude towards the action or state expressed by the main verb, such as possibility, necessity, ability, or permission

verb auxiliar modal, auxiliar modal

verb auxiliar modal, auxiliar modal

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unergative verb
[substantiv]

a verb that describes an action or event performed by the subject, indicating an active and voluntary process, without requiring a direct object

verb inergativ, verb intranzitiv activ

verb inergativ, verb intranzitiv activ

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intransitive verb
[substantiv]

(grammar) a verb without a direct object

verb intranzitiv, verb fără obiect direct

verb intranzitiv, verb fără obiect direct

Ex: The child giggled uncontrollably , the innocence of laughter exemplifying the joy that an intransitive verb can bring without needing an object .Copilul a râs incontrolabil, inocența râsului exemplificând bucuria pe care o poate aduce un **verb intranzitiv** fără a avea nevoie de un obiect.
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transitive verb
[substantiv]

(grammar) a verb that needs a direct object

verb tranzitiv, verb care necesită un obiect direct

verb tranzitiv, verb care necesită un obiect direct

Ex: Transitive verbs often answer the question "what" or "whom" after the action verb.**Verbele tranzitive** răspund adesea la întrebarea « ce » sau « pe cine » după verbul de acțiune.
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anticausative verb
[substantiv]

a verb that describes an action or event where the subject undergoes a change or experiences a state without an external agent causing the action, typically indicating a spontaneous or natural process

verb anticauzativ, verb inacuzativ

verb anticauzativ, verb inacuzativ

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a verb that can function both transitively and intransitively, meaning it can take a direct object or be used without a direct object, depending on the context and meaning intended

verb ambitranzitiv, verb care poate funcționa atât tranzitiv

verb ambitranzitiv, verb care poate funcționa atât tranzitiv

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lexical verb
[substantiv]

a verb that carries the main semantic content in a sentence and conveys the core meaning of the action or state being described

verb lexical, verb plin de sens

verb lexical, verb plin de sens

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action verb
[substantiv]

a verb that expresses an action or movement performed by the subject of the sentence

verb de acțiune, verb activ

verb de acțiune, verb activ

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linking verb
[substantiv]

a verb that connects the subject of a sentence to a subject complement, which can be a noun, pronoun, or adjective, and it serves to equate or describe the subject

verb copulativ, verb de legătură

verb copulativ, verb de legătură

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regular verb
[substantiv]

a verb that follows a predictable pattern or rule when forming its past tense and past participle forms by adding "-ed" or "-d" to the base form of the verb

verb regulat, verb care urmează o regulă

verb regulat, verb care urmează o regulă

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irregular verb
[substantiv]

a verb that deviates from the standard pattern of forming past tense and past participle forms, requiring unique or modified forms that do not follow a consistent rule

verb neregulat, verb anomal

verb neregulat, verb anomal

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stative verb
[substantiv]

a verb that describes a state, condition, or state of being rather than an action or movement

verb de stare, verb static

verb de stare, verb static

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phrasal verb
[substantiv]

(grammar) an idiomatic expression that is formed by a verb and a particle which has a particular meaning

verb frazal, verb compus

verb frazal, verb compus

Ex: Learning phrasal verbs like " pick up " ( to learn or to gather ) can greatly enhance your English fluency .Învățarea **verbelor frazale** cum ar fi "pick up" (a învăța sau a aduna) poate îmbunătăți considerabil fluența ta în engleză.
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imperative verb
[substantiv]

(grammar) a verb or verb phrase that expresses an order to do something

verb imperativ, imperativ

verb imperativ, imperativ

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non-finite verb
[substantiv]

a verb form that does not function as the main verb in a sentence and does not indicate tense, number, or person

verb nefinit, verb neconjugat

verb nefinit, verb neconjugat

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the conditional
[substantiv]

the mood of a verb that indicates an action that happens only if another action happens or is true

condițional

condițional

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imperative
[substantiv]

a mood of a verb or phrase that expresses an order

imperativ, mod imperativ

imperativ, mod imperativ

Ex: The imperative in "Stay calm" makes it clear that the speaker is giving an order.**Imperativul** din «Rămâi calm» face clar faptul că vorbitorul dă o poruncă.
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future perfect
[substantiv]

a verb tense that expresses an action that will be completed in the future before a specified point or event

viitor perfect, viitor anterior

viitor perfect, viitor anterior

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present simple
[substantiv]

a verb tense used to describe habitual actions, general truths, and regular occurrences in the present

prezent simplu, timpul prezent simplu

prezent simplu, timpul prezent simplu

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future simple
[substantiv]

a verb tense used to express an action or event that will occur in the future

viitor simplu, timpul viitor simplu

viitor simplu, timpul viitor simplu

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past simple
[substantiv]

a verb tense used to describe completed actions or events that happened in the past

trecut simplu, perfect simplu

trecut simplu, perfect simplu

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a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the present, formed by using the present tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb

prezent continuu, forma progresivă a prezentului

prezent continuu, forma progresivă a prezentului

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past progressive
[substantiv]

a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the past, formed by using the past tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb

trecut progresiv, imperfect progresiv

trecut progresiv, imperfect progresiv

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future progressive
[substantiv]

a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the future, formed by using the future tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb

viitor progresiv, viitor continuu

viitor progresiv, viitor continuu

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present perfect
[substantiv]

‌the form of a verb that expresses an action done during a period of time up to and including the present, formed with the present tense of 'have' and the past participle of a verb in English

perfectul compus, prezent perfect

perfectul compus, prezent perfect

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a verb tense used to describe ongoing or continuous actions that started in the past and continue into the present, formed by using the present perfect tense of "to have" followed by "been" and the present participle of the main verb

prezent perfect progresiv, perfect progresiv prezent

prezent perfect progresiv, perfect progresiv prezent

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a verb tense used to describe ongoing or continuous actions that started in the past and continued up until another point in the past, formed by using the past perfect tense of "to have" followed by "been" and the present participle of the main verb

perfectul compus progresiv, mai mult ca perfectul continuu

perfectul compus progresiv, mai mult ca perfectul continuu

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a verb tense that indicates an ongoing or continuous action that will start in the future and continue until a specific future point

viitor perfect progresiv, viitor perfect continuu

viitor perfect progresiv, viitor perfect continuu

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a verb that requires both a direct object and an additional complement or object that provides more information or further specifies the action

verb tranzitiv complex, verb tranzitiv cu complement

verb tranzitiv complex, verb tranzitiv cu complement

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ditransitive verb
[substantiv]

a verb that takes both a direct object and an indirect object, indicating that the action of the verb is performed on or transferred to someone or something

verb ditranzitiv, verb cu două obiecte

verb ditranzitiv, verb cu două obiecte

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dummy verb
[substantiv]

a verb that is used in certain constructions to fulfill a grammatical function without conveying any significant meaning or action

verb fictiv, verb gol

verb fictiv, verb gol

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catenative verb
[substantiv]

a verb that can be followed by another verb, either in the form of a bare infinitive or an -ing form, creating a chain or sequence of verbs in a sentence

verb catenativ, verb de legătură

verb catenativ, verb de legătură

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voice
[substantiv]

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

voce, vocea verbului

voce, vocea verbului

Ex: Understanding when to use active or passive voice is an important aspect of writing effectively and communicating ideas clearly in English grammar.Înțelegerea momentului în care să folosești **diatéza** activă sau pasivă este un aspect important al scrierii eficiente și al comunicării clare a ideilor în gramatica engleză.
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passive voice
[substantiv]

(in grammar) the form of a verb used when the grammatical subject is affected by the action of the verb, rather than performing it

diateză pasivă, formă pasivă

diateză pasivă, formă pasivă

Ex: Many scientific papers rely on passive voice to focus on the research rather than the researchers .Multe lucrări științifice se bazează pe **diateza pasivă** pentru a se concentra pe cercetare mai degrabă decât pe cercetători.
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active voice
[substantiv]

(grammar) the voice in which the subject is the agent that does the action of the verb

diateza activă, vocea activă

diateza activă, vocea activă

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archaic verb
[substantiv]

a verb that was commonly used in earlier periods of language but is now considered outdated or no longer in common usage

verb arhaic, verb învechit

verb arhaic, verb învechit

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declarative mood
[substantiv]

a grammatical mood used to make statements or express facts, opinions, or information

modul declarativ, indicativ

modul declarativ, indicativ

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exclamatory mood
[substantiv]

a grammatical mood used to convey intense emotions, excitement, surprise, or strong statements, typically marked by the use of exclamation marks and vibrant language to express enthusiasm, astonishment, joy, or other intense feelings

mod exclamativ, dispoziție exclamativă

mod exclamativ, dispoziție exclamativă

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zero conditional
[substantiv]

a type of conditional sentence that expresses a factual or general truth, where the condition and the result are both in the present tense and the condition is always true, often formed using the present simple tense in both the condition and result clauses

condițional zero, propoziție condițională de tip zero

condițional zero, propoziție condițională de tip zero

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semi-modal
[substantiv]

a group of verbs that have some characteristics of modal verbs but also exhibit certain features of regular main verbs in terms of their usage and behavior in sentences

semi-modal, verb semi-modal

semi-modal, verb semi-modal

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coverb
[substantiv]

a multi-functional word that combines verb and preposition properties, serving as a single morpheme to express complex ideas in languages like Chinese and Korean

coverb, cuvânt acoperitor

coverb, cuvânt acoperitor

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transitivity
[substantiv]

the property of a verb that indicates whether it takes a direct object or not, determining the number and types of arguments it requires in a sentence

tranzitivitate, proprietatea unui verb de a indica dacă necesită sau nu un obiect direct

tranzitivitate, proprietatea unui verb de a indica dacă necesită sau nu un obiect direct

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separable verb
[substantiv]

a type of verb in which a particle, typically an adverb or a preposition, can be separated from the main verb and placed either before or after the object in a sentence, often resulting in a change in meaning or emphasis

verb separabil

verb separabil

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perfect participle
[substantiv]

a verb form that expresses an action that has been completed prior to another point in time

participiu perfect, participiu trecut

participiu perfect, participiu trecut

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antipassive voice
[substantiv]

a grammatical construction that alters a transitive verb by omitting or demoting the object, shifting the focus to the subject and emphasizing the action or the subject's involvement

voce antipasivă, construcție antipasivă

voce antipasivă, construcție antipasivă

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a grammatical construction used to express a passive action without specifying the agent or doer of the action, focusing instead on the action itself or its general occurrence

diateză pasivă impersonală, construcție pasivă impersonală

diateză pasivă impersonală, construcție pasivă impersonală

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