Językoznawstwo - Czasowniki, czasy i nastroje

a verb that is used with other verbs to indicate tense, voice, etc., such as do, have, and be

czasownik pomocniczy

(grammar) the verb form that describes what is expected to happen later

czas przyszły

(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

tryb oznajmujący

(grammar) the root form of a verb

bezokolicznik

(grammar) a verb that is used with the main verb of a sentence to indicate possibility, intention, etc., such as can, might, should, etc.

modalny

(grammar) a word made from a verb, used as an adjective or a noun, and also used to make compound verb forms in English

imiesłów

(grammar) a form of the verb that describes an action or state that happened or existed at a specific time in the past

czas przeszły

a form of a verb that "ed", etc. is added to the end of it which is used to form passive or present tenses or adjectives

imiesłów bierny

(grammar) a verb form that shows an action that was completed before another action or time in the past

czas zaprzeszły

(grammar) a verb form that indicates an action or state occurring at the current time or a general truth

czas teraźniejszy

(grammar) a verb form that typically ends in -ing and is used to indicate ongoing actions, continuous states, or simultaneous actions in relation to the main verb of a sentence

imiesłów czynny

(grammar) the basic forms of a verb that help create all its tenses

części główne

(grammar) a verb tense that is used to indicate an ongoing state or action

czas progresywny

(grammar) a mood in verbs that expresses wishes, possibility or uncertainty

tryb łączący

a verb form that agrees with the subject in tense, number, and person, indicating actions or states that are specific to a particular time and subject

czasownik skończony

the process of inflecting a verb to show its different forms according to tense, aspect, mood, voice, number, and person

konjugacja

a verb that can be used either transitively or intransitively without changing its form

czasownik labile

a verb that indicates that the subject of the verb is also the recipient of the action, typically expressed by using a reflexive pronoun that reflects back to the subject

czasownik zwrotny

a verb that describes an action or event where the subject undergoes a change or experiences a state without actively performing the action, typically indicating an involuntary or spontaneous process

czasownik inakuzatywny

a type of auxiliary verb that is used to express modality, indicating the speaker's attitude towards the action or state expressed by the main verb, such as possibility, necessity, ability, or permission

modalny czasownik pomocniczy

a verb that describes an action or event performed by the subject, indicating an active and voluntary process, without requiring a direct object

werb unergatywny

(grammar) a verb without a direct object

czasownik nieprzechodni

(grammar) a verb that needs a direct object

czasownik przechodni

a verb that describes an action or event where the subject undergoes a change or experiences a state without an external agent causing the action, typically indicating a spontaneous or natural process

czasownik antykauzatywny

a verb that can function both transitively and intransitively, meaning it can take a direct object or be used without a direct object, depending on the context and meaning intended

czasownik ambitransytywny

a verb that carries the main semantic content in a sentence and conveys the core meaning of the action or state being described

czasownik leksykalny

a verb that expresses an action or movement performed by the subject of the sentence

czasownik akcji

a verb that connects the subject of a sentence to a subject complement, which can be a noun, pronoun, or adjective, and it serves to equate or describe the subject

czasownik łącznikowy

a verb that follows a predictable pattern or rule when forming its past tense and past participle forms by adding "-ed" or "-d" to the base form of the verb

czasownik regularny

a verb that deviates from the standard pattern of forming past tense and past participle forms, requiring unique or modified forms that do not follow a consistent rule

czasownik nieregularny

a verb that describes a state, condition, or state of being rather than an action or movement

czasownik statyczny

(grammar) an idiomatic expression that is formed by a verb and a particle which has a particular meaning

czasownik frazowy

(grammar) a verb or verb phrase that expresses an order to do something

czasownik rozkazujący

a verb form that does not function as the main verb in a sentence and does not indicate tense, number, or person

czasownik nieograniczony

the mood of a verb that indicates an action that happens only if another action happens or is true

warunkowy

a mood of a verb or phrase that expresses an order

tryb rozkazujący

a verb tense that expresses an action that will be completed in the future before a specified point or event

czas przyszły dokonany

a verb tense used to describe habitual actions, general truths, and regular occurrences in the present

czas teraźniejszy prosty

a verb tense used to express an action or event that will occur in the future

czas przyszły prosty

a verb tense used to describe completed actions or events that happened in the past

czas przeszły prosty

a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the present, formed by using the present tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb

czas teraźniejszy ciągły

a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the past, formed by using the past tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb

czas przeszły ciągły

a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the future, formed by using the future tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb

czas przyszły ciągły

‌the form of a verb that expresses an action done during a period of time up to and including the present, formed with the present tense of 'have' and the past participle of a verb in English

czas przeszły dokonany

a verb tense used to describe ongoing or continuous actions that started in the past and continue into the present, formed by using the present perfect tense of "to have" followed by "been" and the present participle of the main verb

czas teraźniejszy perfect progresywny

a verb tense used to describe ongoing or continuous actions that started in the past and continued up until another point in the past, formed by using the past perfect tense of "to have" followed by "been" and the present participle of the main verb

czas zaprzeszły progresywny

a verb tense that indicates an ongoing or continuous action that will start in the future and continue until a specific future point

czas przyszły perfektywny progresywny

a verb that requires both a direct object and an additional complement or object that provides more information or further specifies the action

złożony czasownik przechodni

a verb that takes both a direct object and an indirect object, indicating that the action of the verb is performed on or transferred to someone or something

czasownik ditransytywny

a verb that is used in certain constructions to fulfill a grammatical function without conveying any significant meaning or action

czasownik pusty

a verb that can be followed by another verb, either in the form of a bare infinitive or an -ing form, creating a chain or sequence of verbs in a sentence

czasownik katenatywny

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

głos (gramatyczny)

(in grammar) the form of a verb used when the grammatical subject is affected by the action of the verb, rather than performing it

strona bierna

(grammar) the voice in which the subject is the agent that does the action of the verb

strona czynna

a verb that was commonly used in earlier periods of language but is now considered outdated or no longer in common usage

archaiczne czasownik

a grammatical mood used to make statements or express facts, opinions, or information

tryb deklaratywny

a grammatical mood used to convey intense emotions, excitement, surprise, or strong statements, typically marked by the use of exclamation marks and vibrant language to express enthusiasm, astonishment, joy, or other intense feelings

tryb wykrzyknikowy

a type of conditional sentence that expresses a factual or general truth, where the condition and the result are both in the present tense and the condition is always true, often formed using the present simple tense in both the condition and result clauses

warunek zerowy

a group of verbs that have some characteristics of modal verbs but also exhibit certain features of regular main verbs in terms of their usage and behavior in sentences

semi-modalny (czasownik)

a multi-functional word that combines verb and preposition properties, serving as a single morpheme to express complex ideas in languages like Chinese and Korean

kowerb

the property of a verb that indicates whether it takes a direct object or not, determining the number and types of arguments it requires in a sentence

transytywność

a type of verb in which a particle, typically an adverb or a preposition, can be separated from the main verb and placed either before or after the object in a sentence, often resulting in a change in meaning or emphasis

czasownik rozdzielny

a verb form that expresses an action that has been completed prior to another point in time

imiesłów perfektywny

a grammatical construction that alters a transitive verb by omitting or demoting the object, shifting the focus to the subject and emphasizing the action or the subject's involvement

głos antipasywny

a grammatical construction used to express a passive action without specifying the agent or doer of the action, focusing instead on the action itself or its general occurrence

bezosobowy głos bierny