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Santé et Maladie - Maladies Infectieuses

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés aux maladies infectieuses comme "pneumonie", "varicelle" et "lèpre".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
yellow fever

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

fièvre jaune

fièvre jaune

tetanus
tetanus
[nom]

a severe infectious disease marked by painful muscle contractions, particularly that of the jaw, as a result of bacteria invading the body through cuts or wounds

tétanos

tétanos

swine flu

a potentially fatal disease passed between humans that is caused by an influenza strain similar to swine flu in pigs

grippe porcine

grippe porcine

smallpox

an acute infectious disease characterized by fever and skin eruption, usually leaving permanent scars

variole

variole

scrapie
scrapie
[nom]

an infectious and often fatal disease that mainly affects the nervous system of sheep

tremblante du mouton

tremblante du mouton

SARS
SARS
[nom]

a viral illness that primarily affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as fever, coughing, and breathing difficulties, and it can lead to severe illness and even death

SRAS

SRAS

SARS-CoV-2

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a variation of coronavirus that was first reported back in 2019

SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2

pneumonia

the infection and inflammation of air sacs in one's lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection that makes breathing difficult

pneumonie

pneumonie

Ex: The hospital admitted her for treatment after she developed severe pneumonia symptoms, including high fever and difficulty breathing. 

L'hôpital l'a admise pour traitement après qu'elle a développé des symptômes sévères de pneumonie, incluant une forte fièvre et des difficultés respiratoires.

plague
plague
[nom]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

peste

peste

Ex: Symptoms of the plague include fever, chills, headache, and painful, swollen lymph nodes (buboes). 
pertussis

a contagious respiratory disease often characterized by violent coughs and breathing difficulties

coqueluche

coqueluche

meningitis

a serious infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the thin protective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord, causing intense headaches and high temperature

méningite

méningite

measles
measles
[nom]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

rougeole

rougeole

Ex: Symptoms of measles include high fever, cough, runny nose, and a characteristic red rash. 

Les symptômes de la rougeole comprennent une forte fièvre, une toux, un écoulement nasal et une éruption cutanée rouge caractéristique.

croup
croup
[nom]

a common respiratory infection in children that causes swelling around the vocal cords

croup

croup

Covid-19

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

Covid-19

Covid-19

Ex: Symptoms of COVID-19 can range from mild respiratory issues to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). 

Les symptômes du COVID-19 peuvent aller de problèmes respiratoires légers à une pneumonie sévère et un syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë (SDRA).

common cold

a viral infection causing symptoms like a runny nose, cough, and sore throat

rhume

rhume

Ex: A common cold can make you feel tired and stuffy. 

Un rhume peut vous faire sentir fatigué et congestionné.

cholera
cholera
[nom]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

choléra

choléra

Ex: Health officials rushed to contain the cholera epidemic and provide clean water to affected areas. 

Les responsables de la santé se sont précipités pour contenir l'épidémie de choléra et fournir de l'eau potable aux zones touchées.

chickenpox

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

varicelle

varicelle

long Covid

a medical condition wherein people continue to experience COVID-19 symptoms for weeks or months after they begin to recover

COVID, Covid

COVID, Covid

leprosy
leprosy
[nom]

a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae that can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose

lèpre

lèpre

rubella
rubella
[nom]

a contagious viral illness, often occurring in children, that causes a red rash on the body as well as symptoms like fever, sore throat, and eye redness

rubéole

rubéole

gastric flu

an intestinal infection‌ that often causes watery diarrhea, inflammation, nausea, vomiting, or fever

grippe intestinale

grippe intestinale

paratyphoid fever

a bacterial infection causing symptoms similar to typhoid fever, transmitted through contaminated food or water, and treated with antibiotics

fièvre paratyphoïde, paratyphoïde

fièvre paratyphoïde, paratyphoïde

Ex: Paratyphoid fever is transmitted through contaminated food or water, similar to typhoid fever. 

La fièvre paratyphoïde est transmise par des aliments ou de l'eau contaminés, comme la fièvre typhoïde.

ebola
ebola
[nom]

a potentially fatal disease that causes problems with how one's blood clots

Ebola

Ebola

tonsillitis

an infection or inflammation of the tonsils

angine

angine

mumps
mumps
[nom]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

oreillons

oreillons

diphtheria

a chronic infection caused by a gram-positive bacterium and characterized by the formation of a false membrane in the air passages, particularly those of the throat

diphtérie

diphtérie

influenza

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus that attacks the nose, lungs, and throat

grippe

grippe

Ex: Influenza spreads quickly in schools during winter. 

La grippe se propage rapidement dans les écoles pendant l'hiver.

avian flu

a type of influenza virus that rapidly spreads among birds and in rare cases, it can affect humans as well

grippe aviaire

grippe aviaire

giardiasis

an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea

giardiase

giardiase

Ex: Giardiasis is commonly contracted by ingesting contaminated food or water. 

La giardiase est généralement contractée en ingérant de la nourriture ou de l'eau contaminée.

infectious mononucleosis

a viral infection primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, leading to symptoms like extreme fatigue, sore throat, and swollen glands

mononucléose infectieuse, mononucléose

mononucléose infectieuse, mononucléose

Ex: Infectious mononucleosis is usually self-limiting, with symptoms improving over a few weeks. 

La mononucléose infectieuse est généralement spontanément résolutive, les symptômes s'améliorant en quelques semaines.

malaria
malaria
[nom]

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

malaria

malaria

Ex: The health organization distributed mosquito nets to help prevent the spread of malaria. 

L'organisation de santé a distribué des moustiquaires pour aider à prévenir la propagation du paludisme.

toxic shock syndrome

a rare, potentially life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins, often associated with tampon use in menstruating individuals

syndrome de choc toxique, SCT

syndrome de choc toxique, SCT

Ex: TSS treatment includes hospitalization, supportive care, and intravenous antibiotics. 

Le traitement du syndrome de choc toxique comprend l'hospitalisation, les soins de soutien et les antibiotiques intraveineux.

typhoid
typhoid
[nom]

a serious and potentially life-threatening disease marked by high fever, diarrhea, and red spots that appear on the chest and abdomen

typhoïde

typhoïde

tuberculosis

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberculose

tuberculose

bubonic plague

a highly contagious and often fatal bacterial infection characterized by painful swollen lymph nodes, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and transmitted through the bite of infected fleas

peste bubonique, peste noire

peste bubonique, peste noire

Ex: Bubonic plague can progress to more severe forms if left untreated. 

La peste bubonique peut évoluer vers des formes plus graves si elle n'est pas traitée.

cytomegalovirus

a common herpesvirus that may cause mild to severe illness, particularly in individuals with weakened immune system, and is transmitted through bodily fluids

cytomegalovirus, cytomégalovirus

cytomegalovirus, cytomégalovirus

Ex: Spread through bodily fluids, CMV can remain dormant for life in most infected individuals. 

Propagé par les fluides corporels, le cytomegalovirus peut rester dormant à vie chez la plupart des individus infectés.

epstein-barr virus

a common herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis and can cause various illnesses, transmitted through saliva

virus d'Epstein-Barr, virus EBV

virus d'Epstein-Barr, virus EBV

Ex: EBV Diagnosis often involves blood tests to detect specific antibodies related to the virus. 

Le diagnostic du virus d'Epstein-Barr implique souvent des analyses de sang pour détecter des anticorps spécifiques liés au virus.

legionnaires' disease

a severe form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella, often contracted through inhaling contaminated water droplets

la légionellose

la légionellose

Ex: Legionnaires' disease presents with symptoms like high fever, cough, and shortness of breath. 

La maladie des légionnaires se présente avec des symptômes comme une forte fièvre, une toux et un essoufflement.

leptospirosis

a bacterial infection transmitted through contact with contaminated water or soil, causing flu-like symptoms and potentially severe complications

leptospirose, infection à leptospires

leptospirose, infection à leptospires

Ex: Symptoms may include fever, headache, muscle aches, and in severe cases, organ failure. 

Les symptômes peuvent inclure de la fièvre, des maux de tête, des douleurs musculaires et, dans les cas graves, une défaillance organique.

scarlet fever

a childhood illness with a red rash, sore throat, and fever caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria

scarlatine

scarlatine

Ex: The rash in scarlet fever typically starts on the chest and spreads to other areas of the body. 

L'éruption cutanée dans la scarlatine commence généralement sur la poitrine et se propage à d'autres parties du corps.

scrofula

a swelling of the lymph nodes, often in the neck, caused by tuberculosis or other bacterial infections

scrofule, adénite tuberculeuse

scrofule, adénite tuberculeuse

Ex: In the past, scrofula was thought to be curable by the touch of a monarch, leading to the term "King's Evil." 

Dans le passé, on pensait que l'écrouelles pouvait être guérie par le toucher d'un monarque, ce qui a conduit au terme "mal du roi".

typhus
typhus
[nom]

a potentially fatal disease characterized by high temperature and appearance of purple marks on the body

typhus

typhus

weil's disease

a bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria, transmitted through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals

la maladie de Weil, la leptospirose

la maladie de Weil, la leptospirose

Ex: Weil's disease is often contracted during outdoor activities in areas with contaminated water sources. 

La maladie de Weil est souvent contractée lors d'activités de plein air dans des zones où les sources d'eau sont contaminées.

yaws
yaws
[nom]

a tropical bacterial infection that causes chronic skin lesions and bone deformities, primarily affecting children in impoverished regions

pian, frambésie

pian, frambésie

Ex: Yaws is endemic in tropical regions, particularly in parts of Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. 

Le pian est endémique dans les régions tropicales, en particulier dans certaines parties de l'Afrique, de l'Asie et du Pacifique.

anthrax
anthrax
[nom]

a serious bacterial disease of warm-blooded animals, particularly cattle and sheep, that can be transmitted to people by contaminated wool, raw meat, or other animal products

charbon

charbon

toxoplasmosis

a parasitic disease that mainly affects unborn children and is mostly transmitted through undercooked meat, soil, or cat feces

toxoplasmose

toxoplasmose

dengue fever

a mosquito-borne viral infection causing flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, potentially leading to hemorrhagic fever or shock

fièvre dengue, dengue

fièvre dengue, dengue

Ex: Symptoms of dengue fever include sudden onset of high fever, severe headaches, etc. 

Les symptômes de la fièvre dengue comprennent l'apparition soudaine d'une forte fièvre, de graves maux de tête, etc.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, characterized by fever, rash, and, if untreated, potential complications involving multiple organ systems

fièvre pourprée des montagnes Rocheuses, fièvre à tiques des montagnes Rocheuses

fièvre pourprée des montagnes Rocheuses, fièvre à tiques des montagnes Rocheuses

Ex: Ongoing research aims to improve public awareness regarding Rocky Mountain spotted fever. 

La recherche en cours vise à améliorer la sensibilisation du public concernant la fièvre pourprée des montagnes Rocheuses.

West Nile virus

a mosquito-borne virus that can cause mild to severe illness, with symptoms ranging from fever and body aches to neurological complications

virus du Nil occidental, virus West Nile

virus du Nil occidental, virus West Nile

Ex: Most individuals infected with West Nile virus may experience mild symptoms. 

La plupart des individus infectés par le virus du Nil occidental peuvent présenter des symptômes bénins.

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