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Santé et Maladie - Maladies Infectieuses

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés aux maladies infectieuses comme "pneumonie", "varicelle" et "lèpre".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
yellow fever

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

fièvre jaune

fièvre jaune

tetanus
tetanus
[nom]

a severe infectious disease marked by painful muscle contractions, particularly that of the jaw, as a result of bacteria invading the body through cuts or wounds

tétanos

tétanos

swine flu

a potentially fatal disease passed between humans that is caused by an influenza strain similar to swine flu in pigs

grippe porcine

grippe porcine

smallpox

an acute infectious disease characterized by fever and skin eruption, usually leaving permanent scars

variole

variole

scrapie
scrapie
[nom]

an infectious and often fatal disease that mainly affects the nervous system of sheep

tremblante du mouton

tremblante du mouton

SARS
SARS
[nom]

a viral illness that primarily affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as fever, coughing, and breathing difficulties, and it can lead to severe illness and even death

SRAS

SRAS

SARS-CoV-2

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a variation of coronavirus that was first reported back in 2019

SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2

pneumonia

the infection and inflammation of air sacs in one's lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection that makes breathing difficult

pneumonie

pneumonie

Ex: After recovering from pneumonia, he followed his doctor's advice to get plenty of rest and stay hydrated. 
plague
plague
[nom]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

peste

peste

Ex: The plague, also known as the Black Death, is a deadly infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. 
pertussis

a contagious respiratory disease often characterized by violent coughs and breathing difficulties

coqueluche

coqueluche

meningitis

a serious infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the thin protective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord, causing intense headaches and high temperature

méningite

méningite

measles
measles
[nom]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

rougeole

rougeole

Ex: Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children. 
croup
croup
[nom]

a common respiratory infection in children that causes swelling around the vocal cords

croup

croup

Covid-19

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

Covid-19

Covid-19

Ex: COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emerged as a global pandemic in early 2020. 
common cold

a viral infection causing symptoms like a runny nose, cough, and sore throat

rhume

rhume

Ex: He caught a common cold after being outside in the cold. 
cholera
cholera
[nom]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

choléra

choléra

Ex: The village suffered a severe cholera outbreak after the water supply became contaminated. 
chickenpox

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

varicelle

varicelle

long Covid

a medical condition wherein people continue to experience COVID-19 symptoms for weeks or months after they begin to recover

COVID, Covid

COVID, Covid

leprosy
leprosy
[nom]

a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae that can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose

lèpre

lèpre

rubella
rubella
[nom]

a contagious viral illness, often occurring in children, that causes a red rash on the body as well as symptoms like fever, sore throat, and eye redness

rubéole

rubéole

gastric flu

an intestinal infection‌ that often causes watery diarrhea, inflammation, nausea, vomiting, or fever

grippe intestinale

grippe intestinale

paratyphoid fever

a bacterial infection causing symptoms similar to typhoid fever, transmitted through contaminated food or water, and treated with antibiotics

fièvre paratyphoïde, paratyphoïde

fièvre paratyphoïde, paratyphoïde

Ex: Vaccines are available to prevent typhoid and, in some cases, paratyphoid fever. 
ebola
ebola
[nom]

a potentially fatal disease that causes problems with how one's blood clots

Ebola

Ebola

tonsillitis

an infection or inflammation of the tonsils

angine

angine

mumps
mumps
[nom]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

oreillons

oreillons

diphtheria

a chronic infection caused by a gram-positive bacterium and characterized by the formation of a false membrane in the air passages, particularly those of the throat

diphtérie

diphtérie

influenza

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus that attacks the nose, lungs, and throat

grippe

grippe

Ex: She missed work for a week after catching influenza. 
avian flu

a type of influenza virus that rapidly spreads among birds and in rare cases, it can affect humans as well

grippe aviaire

grippe aviaire

giardiasis

an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea

giardiase

giardiase

Ex: Giardiasis is not typically severe but can persist if not properly treated. 
infectious mononucleosis

a viral infection primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, leading to symptoms like extreme fatigue, sore throat, and swollen glands

mononucléose infectieuse, mononucléose

mononucléose infectieuse, mononucléose

Ex: Symptoms include severe fatigue, fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes. 
malaria
malaria
[nom]

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

malaria

malaria

Ex: He contracted malaria during his trip to the tropical region and had to be treated immediately. 
toxic shock syndrome

a rare, potentially life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins, often associated with tampon use in menstruating individuals

syndrome de choc toxique, SCT

syndrome de choc toxique, SCT

Ex: Public health campaigns aim to raise awareness about TSS and its potential triggers. 
typhoid
typhoid
[nom]

a serious and potentially life-threatening disease marked by high fever, diarrhea, and red spots that appear on the chest and abdomen

typhoïde

typhoïde

tuberculosis

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberculose

tuberculose

bubonic plague

a highly contagious and often fatal bacterial infection characterized by painful swollen lymph nodes, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and transmitted through the bite of infected fleas

peste bubonique, peste noire

peste bubonique, peste noire

Ex: Bubonic plague timely diagnosis through laboratory tests is crucial for effective treatment. 
cytomegalovirus

a common herpesvirus that may cause mild to severe illness, particularly in individuals with weakened immune system, and is transmitted through bodily fluids

cytomegalovirus, cytomégalovirus

cytomegalovirus, cytomégalovirus

Ex: CMV diagnosis involves blood tests for antibodies or the virus itself. 
epstein-barr virus

a common herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis and can cause various illnesses, transmitted through saliva

virus d'Epstein-Barr, virus EBV

virus d'Epstein-Barr, virus EBV

Ex: Infectious mononucleosis is a common illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. 
legionnaires' disease

a severe form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella, often contracted through inhaling contaminated water droplets

la légionellose

la légionellose

Ex: Legionnaires' disease is not transmitted person-to-person. 
leptospirosis

a bacterial infection transmitted through contact with contaminated water or soil, causing flu-like symptoms and potentially severe complications

leptospirose, infection à leptospires

leptospirose, infection à leptospires

Ex: Vaccines for leptospirosis exist and may be recommended in specific high-risk situations. 
scarlet fever

a childhood illness with a red rash, sore throat, and fever caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria

scarlatine

scarlatine

Ex: Prompt medical attention is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of scarlet fever. 
scrofula

a swelling of the lymph nodes, often in the neck, caused by tuberculosis or other bacterial infections

scrofule, adénite tuberculeuse

scrofule, adénite tuberculeuse

Ex: Scrofula was historically associated with tuberculosis, specifically the involvement of lymph nodes in the neck. 
typhus
typhus
[nom]

a potentially fatal disease characterized by high temperature and appearance of purple marks on the body

typhus

typhus

weil's disease

a bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria, transmitted through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals

la maladie de Weil, la leptospirose

la maladie de Weil, la leptospirose

Ex: Antibiotic treatment is effective, especially when initiated early in the course of Weil's disease. 
yaws
yaws
[nom]

a tropical bacterial infection that causes chronic skin lesions and bone deformities, primarily affecting children in impoverished regions

pian, frambésie

pian, frambésie

Ex: Public health initiatives aim to reduce the prevalence of yaws through community-based interventions. 
anthrax
anthrax
[nom]

a serious bacterial disease of warm-blooded animals, particularly cattle and sheep, that can be transmitted to people by contaminated wool, raw meat, or other animal products

charbon

charbon

toxoplasmosis

a parasitic disease that mainly affects unborn children and is mostly transmitted through undercooked meat, soil, or cat feces

toxoplasmose

toxoplasmose

dengue fever

a mosquito-borne viral infection causing flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, potentially leading to hemorrhagic fever or shock

fièvre dengue, dengue

fièvre dengue, dengue

Ex: Dengue fever is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes. 
Rocky Mountain spotted fever

a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, characterized by fever, rash, and, if untreated, potential complications involving multiple organ systems

fièvre pourprée des montagnes Rocheuses, fièvre à tiques des montagnes Rocheuses

fièvre pourprée des montagnes Rocheuses, fièvre à tiques des montagnes Rocheuses

Ex: RMSF is not limited to the Rocky Mountain region and can occur in various parts of North and South America. 
West Nile virus

a mosquito-borne virus that can cause mild to severe illness, with symptoms ranging from fever and body aches to neurological complications

virus du Nil occidental, virus West Nile

virus du Nil occidental, virus West Nile

Ex: West Nile virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. 
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