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Santé et Maladie - Maladies Infectieuses

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés aux maladies infectieuses comme "pneumonie", "varicelle" et "lèpre".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

fièvre jaune

fièvre jaune

tetanus
[nom]

a severe infectious disease marked by painful muscle contractions, particularly that of the jaw, as a result of bacteria invading the body through cuts or wounds

tétanos

tétanos

a potentially fatal disease passed between humans that is caused by an influenza strain similar to swine flu in pigs

grippe porcine

grippe porcine

an acute infectious disease characterized by fever and skin eruption, usually leaving permanent scars

variole

variole

scrapie
[nom]

an infectious and often fatal disease that mainly affects the nervous system of sheep

tremblante du mouton

tremblante du mouton

SARS
[nom]

a viral illness that primarily affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as fever, coughing, and breathing difficulties, and it can lead to severe illness and even death

SRAS

SRAS

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a variation of coronavirus that was first reported back in 2019

SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2

the infection and inflammation of air sacs in one's lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection that makes breathing difficult

pneumonie

pneumonie

Ex: Vaccination against common pathogens , such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza virus , can help prevent pneumonia and reduce its severity if contracted .La vaccination contre les agents pathogènes courants, tels que Streptococcus pneumoniae et le virus de la grippe, peut aider à prévenir la **pneumonie** et à en réduire la gravité si elle est contractée.
plague
[nom]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

peste

peste

Ex: Symptoms of the plague can include fever , chills , headache , weakness , and painful swollen lymph nodes .Les symptômes de la **peste** peuvent inclure de la fièvre, des frissons, des maux de tête, une faiblesse et des ganglions lymphatiques enflés et douloureux.

a contagious respiratory disease often characterized by violent coughs and breathing difficulties

coqueluche

coqueluche

a serious infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the thin protective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord, causing intense headaches and high temperature

méningite

méningite

measles
[nom]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

rougeole

rougeole

Ex: Complications of measles can include pneumonia , encephalitis ( brain inflammation ) , and in severe cases , death .Les complications de la **rougeole** peuvent inclure une pneumonie, une encéphalite (inflammation du cerveau) et, dans les cas graves, la mort.
croup
[nom]

a common respiratory infection in children that causes swelling around the vocal cords

croup

croup

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

Covid-19

Covid-19

Ex: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound socio-economic impacts , leading to changes in healthcare , travel , and everyday life globally .La pandémie de **COVID-19** a eu des impacts socio-économiques profonds, entraînant des changements dans les soins de santé, les voyages et la vie quotidienne à l'échelle mondiale.

a viral infection causing symptoms like a runny nose, cough, and sore throat

rhume

rhume

Ex: Wash your hands often to avoid getting a common cold.Lavez-vous souvent les mains pour éviter d'attraper un **rhume**.
cholera
[nom]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

choléra

choléra

Ex: Doctors worked tirelessly to treat patients suffering from cholera in the makeshift clinic .Les médecins ont travaillé sans relâche pour soigner les patients souffrant de **choléra** dans la clinique de fortune.

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

varicelle

varicelle

a medical condition wherein people continue to experience COVID-19 symptoms for weeks or months after they begin to recover

COVID, Covid

COVID, Covid

leprosy
[nom]

a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae that can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose

lèpre

lèpre

rubella
[nom]

a contagious viral illness, often occurring in children, that causes a red rash on the body as well as symptoms like fever, sore throat, and eye redness

rubéole

rubéole

an intestinal infection‌ that often causes watery diarrhea, inflammation, nausea, vomiting, or fever

grippe intestinale

grippe intestinale

a bacterial infection causing symptoms similar to typhoid fever, transmitted through contaminated food or water, and treated with antibiotics

fièvre paratyphoïde, paratyphoïde

fièvre paratyphoïde, paratyphoïde

Ex: Individuals with paratyphoid fever should follow medical advice , complete the prescribed antibiotic course , and stay hydrated .Les personnes atteintes de **fièvre paratyphoïde** doivent suivre les conseils médicaux, terminer le traitement antibiotique prescrit et rester hydratées.
ebola
[nom]

a potentially fatal disease that causes problems with how one's blood clots

Ebola

Ebola

an infection or inflammation of the tonsils

angine

angine

mumps
[nom]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

oreillons

oreillons

a chronic infection caused by a gram-positive bacterium and characterized by the formation of a false membrane in the air passages, particularly those of the throat

diphtérie

diphtérie

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus that attacks the nose, lungs, and throat

grippe

grippe

Ex: Symptoms of influenza include fever , cough , and body aches .

a type of influenza virus that rapidly spreads among birds and in rare cases, it can affect humans as well

grippe aviaire

grippe aviaire

an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea

giardiase

giardiase

Ex: For prevention of giardiasis, you can practice good hygiene , especially when handling food and water .

a viral infection primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, leading to symptoms like extreme fatigue, sore throat, and swollen glands

mononucléose infectieuse, mononucléose

mononucléose infectieuse, mononucléose

Ex: Good hygiene practices, including avoiding the sharing of utensils and drinks, can help prevent mono.De bonnes pratiques d'hygiène, y compris éviter de partager les ustensiles et les boissons, peuvent aider à prévenir la **mononucléose infectieuse**.
malaria
[nom]

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

malaria

malaria

Ex: The outbreak of malaria in the village prompted a swift response from medical teams .L'épidémie de **paludisme** dans le village a provoqué une réponse rapide des équipes médicales.

a rare, potentially life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins, often associated with tampon use in menstruating individuals

syndrome de choc toxique, SCT

syndrome de choc toxique, SCT

Ex: TSS can result from the release of toxins produced by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.Le **syndrome de choc toxique** peut résulter de la libération de toxines produites par des bactéries, telles que Staphylococcus aureus ou Streptococcus pyogenes.
typhoid
[nom]

a serious and potentially life-threatening disease marked by high fever, diarrhea, and red spots that appear on the chest and abdomen

typhoïde

typhoïde

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberculose

tuberculose

a highly contagious and often fatal bacterial infection characterized by painful swollen lymph nodes, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and transmitted through the bite of infected fleas

peste bubonique, peste noire

peste bubonique, peste noire

Ex: Symptoms of bubonic plague include fever , chills , weakness , and the distinctive appearance of painful , swollen lymph nodes .Les symptômes de la **peste bubonique** comprennent la fièvre, les frissons, la faiblesse et l'apparition distinctive de ganglions lymphatiques douloureux et enflés.

a common herpesvirus that may cause mild to severe illness, particularly in individuals with weakened immune system, and is transmitted through bodily fluids

cytomegalovirus, cytomégalovirus

cytomegalovirus, cytomégalovirus

Ex: Education and awareness play a role in preventing CMV transmission, particularly in healthcare settings.L'éducation et la sensibilisation jouent un rôle dans la prévention de la transmission du **cytomegalovirus**, en particulier dans les établissements de santé.

a common herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis and can cause various illnesses, transmitted through saliva

virus d'Epstein-Barr, virus EBV

virus d'Epstein-Barr, virus EBV

Ex: After initial infection, EBV can remain latent in the body and reactivate without causing symptoms in most cases.Après une infection initiale, le **virus d'Epstein-Barr** peut rester latent dans l'organisme et se réactiver sans provoquer de symptômes dans la plupart des cas.

a severe form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella, often contracted through inhaling contaminated water droplets

la légionellose

la légionellose

Ex: Regular monitoring and testing of water systems in high-risk environments are crucial for preventing Legionnaires' disease.Une surveillance et des tests réguliers des systèmes d'eau dans les environnements à haut risque sont essentiels pour prévenir la **maladie des légionnaires**.

a bacterial infection transmitted through contact with contaminated water or soil, causing flu-like symptoms and potentially severe complications

leptospirose, infection à leptospires

leptospirose, infection à leptospires

Ex: Outdoor activities such as farming, camping, or water sports may pose a higher risk of exposure to Leptospira.Les activités en plein air comme l'agriculture, le camping ou les sports nautiques peuvent présenter un risque plus élevé d'exposition à **la leptospirose** (une infection bactérienne transmise par contact avec de l'eau ou du sol contaminé, provoquant des symptômes pseudo-grippaux et des complications potentiellement graves).

a childhood illness with a red rash, sore throat, and fever caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria

scarlatine

scarlatine

Ex: Untreated cases of scarlet fever can lead to complications like rheumatic fever or kidney problems .Les cas non traités de **scarlatine** peuvent entraîner des complications comme la fièvre rhumatismale ou des problèmes rénaux.

a swelling of the lymph nodes, often in the neck, caused by tuberculosis or other bacterial infections

scrofule, adénite tuberculeuse

scrofule, adénite tuberculeuse

Ex: The historical association between scrofula and tuberculosis reflects the evolution of medical knowledge and terminology .
typhus
[nom]

a potentially fatal disease characterized by high temperature and appearance of purple marks on the body

typhus

typhus

a bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria, transmitted through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals

la maladie de Weil, la leptospirose

la maladie de Weil, la leptospirose

Ex: Individuals engaging in activities such as farming, swimming, or water sports may be at an increased risk of Weil's disease.
yaws
[nom]

a tropical bacterial infection that causes chronic skin lesions and bone deformities, primarily affecting children in impoverished regions

pian, frambésie

pian, frambésie

Ex: Yaws is more common in children , and prompt treatment is essential to prevent long-term complications .
anthrax
[nom]

a serious bacterial disease of warm-blooded animals, particularly cattle and sheep, that can be transmitted to people by contaminated wool, raw meat, or other animal products

charbon

charbon

a parasitic disease that mainly affects unborn children and is mostly transmitted through undercooked meat, soil, or cat feces

toxoplasmose

toxoplasmose

a mosquito-borne viral infection causing flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, potentially leading to hemorrhagic fever or shock

fièvre dengue, dengue

fièvre dengue, dengue

Ex: Research and vector control efforts contribute to the global efforts to reduce the impact of dengue fever.Les recherches et les efforts de lutte antivectorielle contribuent aux efforts mondiaux pour réduire l'impact de la **fièvre dengue**.

a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, characterized by fever, rash, and, if untreated, potential complications involving multiple organ systems

fièvre pourprée des montagnes Rocheuses, fièvre à tiques des montagnes Rocheuses

fièvre pourprée des montagnes Rocheuses, fièvre à tiques des montagnes Rocheuses

Ex: Early symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever may include fever , headache , and muscle aches .

a mosquito-borne virus that can cause mild to severe illness, with symptoms ranging from fever and body aches to neurological complications

virus du Nil occidental, virus West Nile

virus du Nil occidental, virus West Nile

Ex: West Nile virus is present in various regions globally , with periodic outbreaks occurring in affected areas .Le **virus du Nil occidental** est présent dans diverses régions du monde, avec des épidémies périodiques dans les zones touchées.
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