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Здоровье и Болезни - инфекционные заболевания

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с инфекционными заболеваниями, такие как "пневмония", "ветряная оспа" и "проказа".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
yellow fever
yellow fever
[существительное]

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

желтая лихорадка

желтая лихорадка

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tetanus
tetanus
[существительное]

a severe infectious disease marked by painful muscle contractions, particularly that of the jaw, as a result of bacteria invading the body through cuts or wounds

столбняк

столбняк

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swine flu
swine flu
[существительное]

a potentially fatal disease passed between humans that is caused by an influenza strain similar to swine flu in pigs

свиной грипп

свиной грипп

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smallpox
smallpox
[существительное]

an acute infectious disease characterized by fever and skin eruption, usually leaving permanent scars

оспа

оспа

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scrapie
scrapie
[существительное]

an infectious and often fatal disease that mainly affects the nervous system of sheep

скрейпи

скрейпи

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SARS
SARS
[существительное]

a viral illness that primarily affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as fever, coughing, and breathing difficulties, and it can lead to severe illness and even death

атипичная пневмония, тяжелый острый респираторный синдром

атипичная пневмония, тяжелый острый респираторный синдром

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SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2
[существительное]

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a variation of coronavirus that was first reported back in 2019

Атипичная пневмония-КоВ-2

Атипичная пневмония-КоВ-2

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pneumonia
pneumonia
[существительное]

the infection and inflammation of air sacs in one's lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection that makes breathing difficult

пневмония

пневмония

Ex: After recovering from pneumonia, he followed his doctor's advice to get plenty of rest and stay hydrated. 
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plague
plague
[существительное]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

чума

чума

Ex: The plague, also known as the Black Death, is a deadly infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. 
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pertussis
pertussis
[существительное]

a contagious respiratory disease often characterized by violent coughs and breathing difficulties

коклюш

коклюш

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meningitis
meningitis
[существительное]

a serious infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the thin protective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord, causing intense headaches and high temperature

менингит

менингит

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measles
measles
[существительное]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

корь

корь

Ex: Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children. 
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croup
croup
[существительное]

a common respiratory infection in children that causes swelling around the vocal cords

Круп

Круп

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Covid-19
Covid-19
[существительное]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

Ковид-19

Ковид-19

Ex: COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emerged as a global pandemic in early 2020. 
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common cold
common cold
[существительное]

a viral infection causing symptoms like a runny nose, cough, and sore throat

простуда

простуда

Ex: He caught a common cold after being outside in the cold. 
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cholera
cholera
[существительное]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

холера

холера

Ex: The village suffered a severe cholera outbreak after the water supply became contaminated. 
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chickenpox
chickenpox
[существительное]

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

ветрянка

ветрянка

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long Covid
long Covid
[существительное]

a medical condition wherein people continue to experience COVID-19 symptoms for weeks or months after they begin to recover

длительный Ковид

длительный Ковид

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leprosy
leprosy
[существительное]

a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae that can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose

Лепра

Лепра

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rubella
rubella
[существительное]

a contagious viral illness, often occurring in children, that causes a red rash on the body as well as symptoms like fever, sore throat, and eye redness

краснуха

краснуха

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gastric flu
gastric flu
[существительное]

an intestinal infection‌ that often causes watery diarrhea, inflammation, nausea, vomiting, or fever

желудочный грипп

желудочный грипп

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paratyphoid fever
paratyphoid fever
[существительное]

a bacterial infection causing symptoms similar to typhoid fever, transmitted through contaminated food or water, and treated with antibiotics

паратифозная лихорадка, паратиф

паратифозная лихорадка, паратиф

Ex: Vaccines are available to prevent typhoid and, in some cases, paratyphoid fever. 
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ebola
ebola
[существительное]

a potentially fatal disease that causes problems with how one's blood clots

эбола

эбола

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tonsillitis
tonsillitis
[существительное]

an infection or inflammation of the tonsils

тонзиллит

тонзиллит

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mumps
mumps
[существительное]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

заушница

заушница

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diphtheria
diphtheria
[существительное]

a chronic infection caused by a gram-positive bacterium and characterized by the formation of a false membrane in the air passages, particularly those of the throat

дифтерия

дифтерия

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influenza
influenza
[существительное]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus that attacks the nose, lungs, and throat

грипп

грипп

Ex: She missed work for a week after catching influenza. 
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avian flu
avian flu
[существительное]

a type of influenza virus that rapidly spreads among birds and in rare cases, it can affect humans as well

птичий грипп

птичий грипп

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giardiasis
giardiasis
[существительное]

an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea

лямблиоз

лямблиоз

Ex: Giardiasis is not typically severe but can persist if not properly treated. 
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infectious mononucleosis
infectious mononucleosis
[существительное]

a viral infection primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, leading to symptoms like extreme fatigue, sore throat, and swollen glands

инфекционный мононуклеоз, мононуклеоз

инфекционный мононуклеоз, мононуклеоз

Ex: Symptoms include severe fatigue, fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes. 
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malaria
malaria
[существительное]

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

малярия

малярия

Ex: He contracted malaria during his trip to the tropical region and had to be treated immediately. 
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toxic shock syndrome
toxic shock syndrome
[существительное]

a rare, potentially life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins, often associated with tampon use in menstruating individuals

синдром токсического шока, СТШ

синдром токсического шока, СТШ

Ex: Public health campaigns aim to raise awareness about TSS and its potential triggers. 
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typhoid
typhoid
[существительное]

a serious and potentially life-threatening disease marked by high fever, diarrhea, and red spots that appear on the chest and abdomen

брюшной тиф

брюшной тиф

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tuberculosis
tuberculosis
[существительное]

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

туберкулёз

туберкулёз

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bubonic plague
bubonic plague
[существительное]

a highly contagious and often fatal bacterial infection characterized by painful swollen lymph nodes, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and transmitted through the bite of infected fleas

бубонная чума, чёрная смерть

бубонная чума, чёрная смерть

Ex: Bubonic plague timely diagnosis through laboratory tests is crucial for effective treatment. 
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cytomegalovirus
cytomegalovirus
[существительное]

a common herpesvirus that may cause mild to severe illness, particularly in individuals with weakened immune system, and is transmitted through bodily fluids

цитомегаловирус, ЦМВ

цитомегаловирус, ЦМВ

Ex: CMV diagnosis involves blood tests for antibodies or the virus itself. 
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epstein-barr virus
epstein-barr virus
[существительное]

a common herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis and can cause various illnesses, transmitted through saliva

вирус Эпштейна-Барр, ВЭБ

вирус Эпштейна-Барр, ВЭБ

Ex: Infectious mononucleosis is a common illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. 
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legionnaires' disease
legionnaires' disease
[существительное]

a severe form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella, often contracted through inhaling contaminated water droplets

болезнь легионеров

болезнь легионеров

Ex: Legionnaires' disease is not transmitted person-to-person. 
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leptospirosis
leptospirosis
[существительное]

a bacterial infection transmitted through contact with contaminated water or soil, causing flu-like symptoms and potentially severe complications

лептоспироз, инфекция

лептоспироз, инфекция

Ex: Vaccines for leptospirosis exist and may be recommended in specific high-risk situations. 
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scarlet fever
scarlet fever
[существительное]

a childhood illness with a red rash, sore throat, and fever caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria

скарлатина

скарлатина

Ex: Prompt medical attention is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of scarlet fever. 
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scrofula
scrofula
[существительное]

a swelling of the lymph nodes, often in the neck, caused by tuberculosis or other bacterial infections

золотуха, туберкулёзный лимфаденит

золотуха, туберкулёзный лимфаденит

Ex: Scrofula was historically associated with tuberculosis, specifically the involvement of lymph nodes in the neck. 
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typhus
typhus
[существительное]

a potentially fatal disease characterized by high temperature and appearance of purple marks on the body

тиф

тиф

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weil's disease
weil's disease
[существительное]

a bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria, transmitted through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals

болезнь Вейля, лептоспироз

болезнь Вейля, лептоспироз

Ex: Antibiotic treatment is effective, especially when initiated early in the course of Weil's disease. 
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yaws
yaws
[существительное]

a tropical bacterial infection that causes chronic skin lesions and bone deformities, primarily affecting children in impoverished regions

фрамбезия, пиан

фрамбезия, пиан

Ex: Public health initiatives aim to reduce the prevalence of yaws through community-based interventions. 
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anthrax
anthrax
[существительное]

a serious bacterial disease of warm-blooded animals, particularly cattle and sheep, that can be transmitted to people by contaminated wool, raw meat, or other animal products

сибирская язва, антракс

сибирская язва, антракс

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toxoplasmosis
toxoplasmosis
[существительное]

a parasitic disease that mainly affects unborn children and is mostly transmitted through undercooked meat, soil, or cat feces

токсоплазмоз

токсоплазмоз

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dengue fever
dengue fever
[существительное]

a mosquito-borne viral infection causing flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, potentially leading to hemorrhagic fever or shock

лихорадка денге, денге

лихорадка денге, денге

Ex: Dengue fever is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes. 
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
[существительное]

a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, characterized by fever, rash, and, if untreated, potential complications involving multiple organ systems

пятнистая лихорадка Скалистых гор, скалистогорская пятнистая лихорадка

пятнистая лихорадка Скалистых гор, скалистогорская пятнистая лихорадка

Ex: RMSF is not limited to the Rocky Mountain region and can occur in various parts of North and South America. 
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West Nile virus
West Nile virus
[существительное]

a mosquito-borne virus that can cause mild to severe illness, with symptoms ranging from fever and body aches to neurological complications

вирус Западного Нила, вирус Вест-Нил

вирус Западного Нила, вирус Вест-Нил

Ex: West Nile virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. 
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