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Health and Sickness - Infectious Diseases

Here you will learn some English words related to infectious diseases such as "pneumonia", "chickenpox", and "leprosy".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

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tetanus
[noun]

a severe infectious disease marked by painful muscle contractions, particularly that of the jaw, as a result of bacteria invading the body through cuts or wounds

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swine flu
[noun]

a potentially fatal disease passed between humans that is caused by an influenza strain similar to swine flu in pigs

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smallpox
[noun]

an acute infectious disease characterized by fever and skin eruption, usually leaving permanent scars

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scrapie
[noun]

an infectious and often fatal disease that mainly affects the nervous system of sheep

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SARS
[noun]

a viral illness that primarily affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as fever, coughing, and breathing difficulties, and it can lead to severe illness and even death

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severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a variation of coronavirus that was first reported back in 2019

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pneumonia
[noun]

the infection and inflammation of air sacs in one's lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection that makes breathing difficult

Ex: Vaccination against common pathogens , such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza virus , can help prevent pneumonia and reduce its severity if contracted .
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plague
[noun]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

Ex: Symptoms of the plague can include fever , chills , headache , weakness , and painful swollen lymph nodes .
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pertussis
[noun]

a contagious respiratory disease often characterized by violent coughs and breathing difficulties

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a serious infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the thin protective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord, causing intense headaches and high temperature

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measles
[noun]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

Ex: Complications of measles can include pneumonia , encephalitis ( brain inflammation ) , and in severe cases , death .
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croup
[noun]

a common respiratory infection in children that causes swelling around the vocal cords

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Covid-19
[noun]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

Ex: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound socio-economic impacts , leading to changes in healthcare , travel , and everyday life globally .
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a viral infection causing symptoms like a runny nose, cough, and sore throat

Ex: Wash your hands often to avoid getting a common cold.
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cholera
[noun]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

Ex: Doctors worked tirelessly to treat patients suffering from cholera in the makeshift clinic .
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a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

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a medical condition wherein people continue to experience COVID-19 symptoms for weeks or months after they begin to recover

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leprosy
[noun]

a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae that can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose

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rubella
[noun]

a contagious viral illness, often occurring in children, that causes a red rash on the body as well as symptoms like fever, sore throat, and eye redness

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an intestinal infection‌ that often causes watery diarrhea, inflammation, nausea, vomiting, or fever

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a bacterial infection causing symptoms similar to typhoid fever, transmitted through contaminated food or water, and treated with antibiotics

Ex: Individuals with paratyphoid fever should follow medical advice , complete the prescribed antibiotic course , and stay hydrated .
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ebola
[noun]

a potentially fatal disease that causes problems with how one's blood clots

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an infection or inflammation of the tonsils

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mumps
[noun]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

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a chronic infection caused by a gram-positive bacterium and characterized by the formation of a false membrane in the air passages, particularly those of the throat

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influenza
[noun]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus that attacks the nose, lungs, and throat

Ex: Symptoms of influenza include fever , cough , and body aches .
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avian flu
[noun]

a type of influenza virus that rapidly spreads among birds and in rare cases, it can affect humans as well

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an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea

Ex: For prevention of giardiasis, you can practice good hygiene , especially when handling food and water .
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a viral infection primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, leading to symptoms like extreme fatigue, sore throat, and swollen glands

Ex: Good hygiene practices, including avoiding the sharing of utensils and drinks, can help prevent mono.
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malaria
[noun]

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

Ex: The outbreak of malaria in the village prompted a swift response from medical teams .
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a rare, potentially life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins, often associated with tampon use in menstruating individuals

Ex: TSS can result from the release of toxins produced by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.
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typhoid
[noun]

a serious and potentially life-threatening disease marked by high fever, diarrhea, and red spots that appear on the chest and abdomen

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a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

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a highly contagious and often fatal bacterial infection characterized by painful swollen lymph nodes, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and transmitted through the bite of infected fleas

Ex: Symptoms of bubonic plague include fever , chills , weakness , and the distinctive appearance of painful , swollen lymph nodes .
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a common herpesvirus that may cause mild to severe illness, particularly in individuals with weakened immune system, and is transmitted through bodily fluids

Ex: Education and awareness play a role in preventing CMV transmission, particularly in healthcare settings.
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a common herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis and can cause various illnesses, transmitted through saliva

Ex: After initial infection, EBV can remain latent in the body and reactivate without causing symptoms in most cases.
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a severe form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella, often contracted through inhaling contaminated water droplets

Ex: Regular monitoring and testing of water systems in high-risk environments are crucial for preventing Legionnaires' disease.
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a bacterial infection transmitted through contact with contaminated water or soil, causing flu-like symptoms and potentially severe complications

Ex: Outdoor activities such as farming, camping, or water sports may pose a higher risk of exposure to Leptospira.
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a childhood illness with a red rash, sore throat, and fever caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria

Ex: Untreated cases of scarlet fever can lead to complications like rheumatic fever or kidney problems .
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scrofula
[noun]

a swelling of the lymph nodes, often in the neck, caused by tuberculosis or other bacterial infections

Ex: The historical association between scrofula and tuberculosis reflects the evolution of medical knowledge and terminology .
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typhus
[noun]

a potentially fatal disease characterized by high temperature and appearance of purple marks on the body

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a bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria, transmitted through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals

Ex: Individuals engaging in activities such as farming, swimming, or water sports may be at an increased risk of Weil's disease.
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yaws
[noun]

a tropical bacterial infection that causes chronic skin lesions and bone deformities, primarily affecting children in impoverished regions

Ex: Yaws is more common in children , and prompt treatment is essential to prevent long-term complications .
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anthrax
[noun]

a serious bacterial disease of warm-blooded animals, particularly cattle and sheep, that can be transmitted to people by contaminated wool, raw meat, or other animal products

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a parasitic disease that mainly affects unborn children and is mostly transmitted through undercooked meat, soil, or cat feces

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a mosquito-borne viral infection causing flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, potentially leading to hemorrhagic fever or shock

Ex: Research and vector control efforts contribute to the global efforts to reduce the impact of dengue fever.
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a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, characterized by fever, rash, and, if untreated, potential complications involving multiple organ systems

Ex: Early symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever may include fever , headache , and muscle aches .
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a mosquito-borne virus that can cause mild to severe illness, with symptoms ranging from fever and body aches to neurological complications

Ex: West Nile virus is present in various regions globally , with periodic outbreaks occurring in affected areas .
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Health and Sickness
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