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Saúde e Doença - Doenças Infecciosas

Aqui você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês relacionadas a doenças infecciosas como "pneumonia", "varicela" e "lepra".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
yellow fever
[substantivo]

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

febre amarela, vômito negro

febre amarela, vômito negro

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tetanus
[substantivo]

a severe infectious disease marked by painful muscle contractions, particularly that of the jaw, as a result of bacteria invading the body through cuts or wounds

tétano

tétano

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swine flu
[substantivo]

a potentially fatal disease passed between humans that is caused by an influenza strain similar to swine flu in pigs

gripe suína, influenza suína

gripe suína, influenza suína

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smallpox
[substantivo]

an acute infectious disease characterized by fever and skin eruption, usually leaving permanent scars

varíola, bexiga

varíola, bexiga

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scrapie
[substantivo]

an infectious and often fatal disease that mainly affects the nervous system of sheep

a scrapie, o tremor

a scrapie, o tremor

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SARS
[substantivo]

a viral illness that primarily affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as fever, coughing, and breathing difficulties, and it can lead to severe illness and even death

SARS, síndrome respiratória aguda grave

SARS, síndrome respiratória aguda grave

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SARS-CoV-2
[substantivo]

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a variation of coronavirus that was first reported back in 2019

síndrome respiratória aguda grave coronavírus 2, SARS-CoV-2

síndrome respiratória aguda grave coronavírus 2, SARS-CoV-2

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pneumonia
[substantivo]

the infection and inflammation of air sacs in one's lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection that makes breathing difficult

pneumonia, infecção pulmonar

pneumonia, infecção pulmonar

Ex: Vaccination against common pathogens , such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza virus , can help prevent pneumonia and reduce its severity if contracted .A vacinação contra patógenos comuns, como Streptococcus pneumoniae e o vírus da gripe, pode ajudar a prevenir a **pneumonia** e reduzir sua gravidade se contraída.
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plague
[substantivo]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

a peste, a peste negra

a peste, a peste negra

Ex: Symptoms of the plague can include fever , chills , headache , weakness , and painful swollen lymph nodes .Os sintomas da **peste** podem incluir febre, calafrios, dor de cabeça, fraqueza e gânglios linfáticos inchados e dolorosos.
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pertussis
[substantivo]

a contagious respiratory disease often characterized by violent coughs and breathing difficulties

coqueluche, tosse convulsa

coqueluche, tosse convulsa

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meningitis
[substantivo]

a serious infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the thin protective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord, causing intense headaches and high temperature

meningite

meningite

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measles
[substantivo]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

sarampo, o sarampo

sarampo, o sarampo

Ex: Complications of measles can include pneumonia , encephalitis ( brain inflammation ) , and in severe cases , death .As complicações do **sarampo** podem incluir pneumonia, encefalite (inflamação do cérebro) e, em casos graves, a morte.
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croup
[substantivo]

a common respiratory infection in children that causes swelling around the vocal cords

crupe, laringite estridulosa

crupe, laringite estridulosa

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Covid-19
[substantivo]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

COVID-19, a doença por coronavírus 2019

COVID-19, a doença por coronavírus 2019

Ex: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound socio-economic impacts , leading to changes in healthcare , travel , and everyday life globally .A pandemia de **COVID-19** teve impactos socioeconômicos profundos, levando a mudanças na saúde, viagens e vida cotidiana globalmente.
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common cold
[substantivo]

a viral infection causing symptoms like a runny nose, cough, and sore throat

resfriado comum, constipação

resfriado comum, constipação

Ex: Wash your hands often to avoid getting a common cold.Lave as mãos com frequência para evitar pegar um **resfriado comum**.
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cholera
[substantivo]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

cólera, a cólera

cólera, a cólera

Ex: Doctors worked tirelessly to treat patients suffering from cholera in the makeshift clinic .Os médicos trabalharam incansavelmente para tratar pacientes que sofriam de **cólera** na clínica improvisada.
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chickenpox
[substantivo]

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

varicela, catapora

varicela, catapora

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long Covid
[substantivo]

a medical condition wherein people continue to experience COVID-19 symptoms for weeks or months after they begin to recover

Covid longo, síndrome pós-Covid

Covid longo, síndrome pós-Covid

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leprosy
[substantivo]

a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae that can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose

lepra

lepra

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rubella
[substantivo]

a contagious viral illness, often occurring in children, that causes a red rash on the body as well as symptoms like fever, sore throat, and eye redness

rubéola, sarampo alemão

rubéola, sarampo alemão

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gastric flu
[substantivo]

an intestinal infection‌ that often causes watery diarrhea, inflammation, nausea, vomiting, or fever

gripe gástrica, gastroenterite

gripe gástrica, gastroenterite

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paratyphoid fever
[substantivo]

a bacterial infection causing symptoms similar to typhoid fever, transmitted through contaminated food or water, and treated with antibiotics

febre paratifoide, paratifoide

febre paratifoide, paratifoide

Ex: Individuals with paratyphoid fever should follow medical advice , complete the prescribed antibiotic course , and stay hydrated .Indivíduos com **febre paratifoide** devem seguir orientações médicas, completar o curso prescrito de antibióticos e manter-se hidratados.
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ebola
[substantivo]

a potentially fatal disease that causes problems with how one's blood clots

Ébola, a doença do vírus Ébola

Ébola, a doença do vírus Ébola

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tonsillitis
[substantivo]

an infection or inflammation of the tonsils

amigdalite, tonsilite

amigdalite, tonsilite

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mumps
[substantivo]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

a papeira, a parotidite epidémica

a papeira, a parotidite epidémica

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diphtheria
[substantivo]

a chronic infection caused by a gram-positive bacterium and characterized by the formation of a false membrane in the air passages, particularly those of the throat

difteria, infecção diftérica

difteria, infecção diftérica

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influenza
[substantivo]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus that attacks the nose, lungs, and throat

gripe

gripe

Ex: Symptoms of influenza include fever , cough , and body aches .
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avian flu
[substantivo]

a type of influenza virus that rapidly spreads among birds and in rare cases, it can affect humans as well

gripe aviária, influenza aviária

gripe aviária, influenza aviária

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giardiasis
[substantivo]

an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea

giardíase

giardíase

Ex: For prevention of giardiasis, you can practice good hygiene , especially when handling food and water .
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a viral infection primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, leading to symptoms like extreme fatigue, sore throat, and swollen glands

mononucleose infecciosa, mononucleose

mononucleose infecciosa, mononucleose

Ex: Good hygiene practices, including avoiding the sharing of utensils and drinks, can help prevent mono.Boas práticas de higiene, incluindo evitar o compartilhamento de utensílios e bebidas, podem ajudar a prevenir a **mononucleose infecciosa**.
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malaria
[substantivo]

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

malária

malária

Ex: The outbreak of malaria in the village prompted a swift response from medical teams .O surto de **malária** na aldeia provocou uma resposta rápida das equipas médicas.
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a rare, potentially life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins, often associated with tampon use in menstruating individuals

síndrome do choque tóxico, SCT

síndrome do choque tóxico, SCT

Ex: TSS can result from the release of toxins produced by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.A **síndrome do choque tóxico** pode resultar da liberação de toxinas produzidas por bactérias, como Staphylococcus aureus ou Streptococcus pyogenes.
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typhoid
[substantivo]

a serious and potentially life-threatening disease marked by high fever, diarrhea, and red spots that appear on the chest and abdomen

febre tifoide, tifoide

febre tifoide, tifoide

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tuberculosis
[substantivo]

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberculose

tuberculose

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bubonic plague
[substantivo]

a highly contagious and often fatal bacterial infection characterized by painful swollen lymph nodes, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and transmitted through the bite of infected fleas

peste bubônica, morte negra

peste bubônica, morte negra

Ex: Symptoms of bubonic plague include fever , chills , weakness , and the distinctive appearance of painful , swollen lymph nodes .Os sintomas da **peste bubônica** incluem febre, calafrios, fraqueza e o aparecimento distinto de gânglios linfáticos dolorosos e inchados.
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cytomegalovirus
[substantivo]

a common herpesvirus that may cause mild to severe illness, particularly in individuals with weakened immune system, and is transmitted through bodily fluids

citomegalovírus, CMV

citomegalovírus, CMV

Ex: Education and awareness play a role in preventing CMV transmission, particularly in healthcare settings.A educação e a conscientização desempenham um papel na prevenção da transmissão do **citomegalovírus**, particularmente em ambientes de saúde.
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epstein-barr virus
[substantivo]

a common herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis and can cause various illnesses, transmitted through saliva

vírus Epstein-Barr, EBV

vírus Epstein-Barr, EBV

Ex: After initial infection, EBV can remain latent in the body and reactivate without causing symptoms in most cases.Após a infecção inicial, o **vírus Epstein-Barr** pode permanecer latente no corpo e reativar sem causar sintomas na maioria dos casos.
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a severe form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella, often contracted through inhaling contaminated water droplets

a doença dos legionários

a doença dos legionários

Ex: Regular monitoring and testing of water systems in high-risk environments are crucial for preventing Legionnaires' disease.O monitoramento e os testes regulares dos sistemas de água em ambientes de alto risco são cruciais para prevenir a **doença dos legionários**.
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leptospirosis
[substantivo]

a bacterial infection transmitted through contact with contaminated water or soil, causing flu-like symptoms and potentially severe complications

leptospirose, infecção por leptospiras

leptospirose, infecção por leptospiras

Ex: Outdoor activities such as farming, camping, or water sports may pose a higher risk of exposure to Leptospira.Atividades ao ar livre, como agricultura, camping ou esportes aquáticos, podem representar um maior risco de exposição à **leptospirose** (uma infecção bacteriana transmitida pelo contato com água ou solo contaminados, causando sintomas semelhantes aos da gripe e complicações potencialmente graves).
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scarlet fever
[substantivo]

a childhood illness with a red rash, sore throat, and fever caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria

febre escarlate

febre escarlate

Ex: Untreated cases of scarlet fever can lead to complications like rheumatic fever or kidney problems .Casos não tratados de **escarlatina** podem levar a complicações como febre reumática ou problemas renais.
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scrofula
[substantivo]

a swelling of the lymph nodes, often in the neck, caused by tuberculosis or other bacterial infections

escrófula, adenite tuberculosa

escrófula, adenite tuberculosa

Ex: The historical association between scrofula and tuberculosis reflects the evolution of medical knowledge and terminology .
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typhus
[substantivo]

a potentially fatal disease characterized by high temperature and appearance of purple marks on the body

tifo, febre tifoide

tifo, febre tifoide

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weil's disease
[substantivo]

a bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria, transmitted through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals

doença de Weil, leptospirose

doença de Weil, leptospirose

Ex: Individuals engaging in activities such as farming, swimming, or water sports may be at an increased risk of Weil's disease.
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yaws
[substantivo]

a tropical bacterial infection that causes chronic skin lesions and bone deformities, primarily affecting children in impoverished regions

bouba, frambesia

bouba, frambesia

Ex: Yaws is more common in children , and prompt treatment is essential to prevent long-term complications .
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anthrax
[substantivo]

a serious bacterial disease of warm-blooded animals, particularly cattle and sheep, that can be transmitted to people by contaminated wool, raw meat, or other animal products

antraz, carbúnculo

antraz, carbúnculo

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toxoplasmosis
[substantivo]

a parasitic disease that mainly affects unborn children and is mostly transmitted through undercooked meat, soil, or cat feces

toxoplasmose

toxoplasmose

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dengue fever
[substantivo]

a mosquito-borne viral infection causing flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, potentially leading to hemorrhagic fever or shock

febre dengue, dengue

febre dengue, dengue

Ex: Research and vector control efforts contribute to the global efforts to reduce the impact of dengue fever.A pesquisa e os esforços de controle de vetores contribuem para os esforços globais para reduzir o impacto da **dengue**.
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a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, characterized by fever, rash, and, if untreated, potential complications involving multiple organ systems

febre maculosa das Montanhas Rochosas, febre das Montanhas Rochosas

febre maculosa das Montanhas Rochosas, febre das Montanhas Rochosas

Ex: Early symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever may include fever , headache , and muscle aches .
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West Nile virus
[substantivo]

a mosquito-borne virus that can cause mild to severe illness, with symptoms ranging from fever and body aches to neurological complications

vírus do Nilo Ocidental, vírus West Nile

vírus do Nilo Ocidental, vírus West Nile

Ex: West Nile virus is present in various regions globally , with periodic outbreaks occurring in affected areas .O **vírus do Nilo Ocidental** está presente em várias regiões globalmente, com surtos periódicos ocorrendo nas áreas afetadas.
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