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Zdraví a Nemoci - Infekční Onemocnění

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s infekčními chorobami, jako jsou "zápal plic", "plané neštovice" a "malomocenství".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
yellow fever
yellow fever
[Podstatné jméno]

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

žlutá zimnice, černé zvracení

žlutá zimnice, černé zvracení

tetanus
tetanus
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe infectious disease marked by painful muscle contractions, particularly that of the jaw, as a result of bacteria invading the body through cuts or wounds

tetanus

tetanus

swine flu
swine flu
[Podstatné jméno]

a potentially fatal disease passed between humans that is caused by an influenza strain similar to swine flu in pigs

prasečí chřipka, influenza prasat

prasečí chřipka, influenza prasat

smallpox
smallpox
[Podstatné jméno]

an acute infectious disease characterized by fever and skin eruption, usually leaving permanent scars

neštovice, variola

neštovice, variola

scrapie
scrapie
[Podstatné jméno]

an infectious and often fatal disease that mainly affects the nervous system of sheep

scrapie, klusavka

scrapie, klusavka

SARS
SARS
[Podstatné jméno]

a viral illness that primarily affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as fever, coughing, and breathing difficulties, and it can lead to severe illness and even death

SARS, těžký akutní respirační syndrom

SARS, těžký akutní respirační syndrom

SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2
[Podstatné jméno]

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a variation of coronavirus that was first reported back in 2019

těžký akutní respirační syndrom koronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2

těžký akutní respirační syndrom koronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2

pneumonia
pneumonia
[Podstatné jméno]

the infection and inflammation of air sacs in one's lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection that makes breathing difficult

zápal plic, plicní infekce

zápal plic, plicní infekce

Ex: After recovering from pneumonia, he followed his doctor's advice to get plenty of rest and stay hydrated. 
plague
plague
[Podstatné jméno]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

mor, černá smrt

mor, černá smrt

Ex: The plague, also known as the Black Death, is a deadly infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. 
pertussis
pertussis
[Podstatné jméno]

a contagious respiratory disease often characterized by violent coughs and breathing difficulties

černý kašel, dávivý kašel

černý kašel, dávivý kašel

meningitis
meningitis
[Podstatné jméno]

a serious infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the thin protective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord, causing intense headaches and high temperature

meningitida

meningitida

measles
measles
[Podstatné jméno]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

spalničky, onemocnění spalničkami

spalničky, onemocnění spalničkami

Ex: Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children. 
croup
croup
[Podstatné jméno]

a common respiratory infection in children that causes swelling around the vocal cords

krup, laryngitida se stridorem

krup, laryngitida se stridorem

Covid-19
Covid-19
[Podstatné jméno]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

COVID-19, onemocnění koronavirem 2019

COVID-19, onemocnění koronavirem 2019

Ex: COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emerged as a global pandemic in early 2020. 
common cold
common cold
[Podstatné jméno]

a viral infection causing symptoms like a runny nose, cough, and sore throat

nachlazení, běžné nachlazení

nachlazení, běžné nachlazení

Ex: He caught a common cold after being outside in the cold. 
cholera
cholera
[Podstatné jméno]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

cholera, cholera nemoc

cholera, cholera nemoc

Ex: The village suffered a severe cholera outbreak after the water supply became contaminated. 
chickenpox
chickenpox
[Podstatné jméno]

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

plané neštovice, varicela

plané neštovice, varicela

long Covid
long Covid
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition wherein people continue to experience COVID-19 symptoms for weeks or months after they begin to recover

dlouhý Covid, post-Covidový syndrom

dlouhý Covid, post-Covidový syndrom

leprosy
leprosy
[Podstatné jméno]

a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae that can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose

malomocenství

malomocenství

rubella
rubella
[Podstatné jméno]

a contagious viral illness, often occurring in children, that causes a red rash on the body as well as symptoms like fever, sore throat, and eye redness

zarděnky, německé spalničky

zarděnky, německé spalničky

gastric flu
gastric flu
[Podstatné jméno]

an intestinal infection‌ that often causes watery diarrhea, inflammation, nausea, vomiting, or fever

střevní chřipka, gastroenteritida

střevní chřipka, gastroenteritida

paratyphoid fever
paratyphoid fever
[Podstatné jméno]

a bacterial infection causing symptoms similar to typhoid fever, transmitted through contaminated food or water, and treated with antibiotics

paratyfová horečka, paratyfus

paratyfová horečka, paratyfus

Ex: Vaccines are available to prevent typhoid and, in some cases, paratyphoid fever. 
ebola
ebola
[Podstatné jméno]

a potentially fatal disease that causes problems with how one's blood clots

Ebola, onemocnění virem Ebola

Ebola, onemocnění virem Ebola

tonsillitis
tonsillitis
[Podstatné jméno]

an infection or inflammation of the tonsils

tonzilitida, angína

tonzilitida, angína

mumps
mumps
[Podstatné jméno]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

příušnice, epidemická parotitida

příušnice, epidemická parotitida

diphtheria
diphtheria
[Podstatné jméno]

a chronic infection caused by a gram-positive bacterium and characterized by the formation of a false membrane in the air passages, particularly those of the throat

záškrt, záškrtová infekce

záškrt, záškrtová infekce

influenza
influenza
[Podstatné jméno]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus that attacks the nose, lungs, and throat

chřipka

chřipka

Ex: She missed work for a week after catching influenza. 
avian flu
avian flu
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of influenza virus that rapidly spreads among birds and in rare cases, it can affect humans as well

ptačí chřipka, aviární influenza

ptačí chřipka, aviární influenza

giardiasis
giardiasis
[Podstatné jméno]

an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea

giardióza

giardióza

Ex: Giardiasis is not typically severe but can persist if not properly treated. 
infectious mononucleosis
infectious mononucleosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a viral infection primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, leading to symptoms like extreme fatigue, sore throat, and swollen glands

infekční mononukleóza, mononukleóza

infekční mononukleóza, mononukleóza

Ex: Symptoms include severe fatigue, fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes. 
malaria
malaria
[Podstatné jméno]

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

malárie

malárie

Ex: He contracted malaria during his trip to the tropical region and had to be treated immediately. 
toxic shock syndrome
toxic shock syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a rare, potentially life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins, often associated with tampon use in menstruating individuals

syndrom toxického šoku, STS

syndrom toxického šoku, STS

Ex: Public health campaigns aim to raise awareness about TSS and its potential triggers. 
typhoid
typhoid
[Podstatné jméno]

a serious and potentially life-threatening disease marked by high fever, diarrhea, and red spots that appear on the chest and abdomen

břišní tyfus, tyfus

břišní tyfus, tyfus

tuberculosis
tuberculosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberkulóza

tuberkulóza

bubonic plague
bubonic plague
[Podstatné jméno]

a highly contagious and often fatal bacterial infection characterized by painful swollen lymph nodes, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and transmitted through the bite of infected fleas

bubonický mor, černá smrt

bubonický mor, černá smrt

Ex: Bubonic plague timely diagnosis through laboratory tests is crucial for effective treatment. 
cytomegalovirus
cytomegalovirus
[Podstatné jméno]

a common herpesvirus that may cause mild to severe illness, particularly in individuals with weakened immune system, and is transmitted through bodily fluids

cytomegalovirus, CMV

cytomegalovirus, CMV

Ex: CMV diagnosis involves blood tests for antibodies or the virus itself. 
epstein-barr virus
epstein-barr virus
[Podstatné jméno]

a common herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis and can cause various illnesses, transmitted through saliva

virus Epstein-Barrové, EBV

virus Epstein-Barrové, EBV

Ex: Infectious mononucleosis is a common illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. 
legionnaires' disease
legionnaires' disease
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella, often contracted through inhaling contaminated water droplets

legionářská nemoc

legionářská nemoc

Ex: Legionnaires' disease is not transmitted person-to-person. 
leptospirosis
leptospirosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a bacterial infection transmitted through contact with contaminated water or soil, causing flu-like symptoms and potentially severe complications

leptospiróza, infekce leptospirami

leptospiróza, infekce leptospirami

Ex: Vaccines for leptospirosis exist and may be recommended in specific high-risk situations. 
scarlet fever
scarlet fever
[Podstatné jméno]

a childhood illness with a red rash, sore throat, and fever caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria

spála

spála

Ex: Prompt medical attention is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of scarlet fever. 
scrofula
scrofula
[Podstatné jméno]

a swelling of the lymph nodes, often in the neck, caused by tuberculosis or other bacterial infections

skrofulóza, tuberkulózní lymfadenitida

skrofulóza, tuberkulózní lymfadenitida

Ex: Scrofula was historically associated with tuberculosis, specifically the involvement of lymph nodes in the neck. 
typhus
typhus
[Podstatné jméno]

a potentially fatal disease characterized by high temperature and appearance of purple marks on the body

tyfus, břišní tyfus

tyfus, břišní tyfus

weil's disease
weil's disease
[Podstatné jméno]

a bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria, transmitted through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals

Weilova nemoc, leptospiróza

Weilova nemoc, leptospiróza

Ex: Antibiotic treatment is effective, especially when initiated early in the course of Weil's disease. 
yaws
yaws
[Podstatné jméno]

a tropical bacterial infection that causes chronic skin lesions and bone deformities, primarily affecting children in impoverished regions

yaws, frambézie

yaws, frambézie

Ex: Public health initiatives aim to reduce the prevalence of yaws through community-based interventions. 
anthrax
anthrax
[Podstatné jméno]

a serious bacterial disease of warm-blooded animals, particularly cattle and sheep, that can be transmitted to people by contaminated wool, raw meat, or other animal products

sněť, antrax

sněť, antrax

toxoplasmosis
toxoplasmosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a parasitic disease that mainly affects unborn children and is mostly transmitted through undercooked meat, soil, or cat feces

toxoplazmóza

toxoplazmóza

dengue fever
dengue fever
[Podstatné jméno]

a mosquito-borne viral infection causing flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, potentially leading to hemorrhagic fever or shock

horečka dengue, dengue

horečka dengue, dengue

Ex: Dengue fever is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes. 
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
[Podstatné jméno]

a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, characterized by fever, rash, and, if untreated, potential complications involving multiple organ systems

skvrnitý tyfus Skalistých hor, skvrnitá horečka Skalistých hor

skvrnitý tyfus Skalistých hor, skvrnitá horečka Skalistých hor

Ex: RMSF is not limited to the Rocky Mountain region and can occur in various parts of North and South America. 
West Nile virus
West Nile virus
[Podstatné jméno]

a mosquito-borne virus that can cause mild to severe illness, with symptoms ranging from fever and body aches to neurological complications

virus západního Nilu, West Nile virus

virus západního Nilu, West Nile virus

Ex: West Nile virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. 
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