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Sănătate și Boală - Boli infecțioase

Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză legate de boli infecțioase precum "pneumonie", "varicelă" și "lepră".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
yellow fever
[substantiv]

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

febră galbenă, vărsături negre

febră galbenă, vărsături negre

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tetanus
[substantiv]

a severe infectious disease marked by painful muscle contractions, particularly that of the jaw, as a result of bacteria invading the body through cuts or wounds

tetanos

tetanos

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swine flu
[substantiv]

a potentially fatal disease passed between humans that is caused by an influenza strain similar to swine flu in pigs

gripa porcină, influența porcină

gripa porcină, influența porcină

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smallpox
[substantiv]

an acute infectious disease characterized by fever and skin eruption, usually leaving permanent scars

variolă, vărsat de vânt

variolă, vărsat de vânt

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scrapie
[substantiv]

an infectious and often fatal disease that mainly affects the nervous system of sheep

scrapie, tremura

scrapie, tremura

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SARS
[substantiv]

a viral illness that primarily affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as fever, coughing, and breathing difficulties, and it can lead to severe illness and even death

SARS, sindromul respirator acut sever

SARS, sindromul respirator acut sever

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SARS-CoV-2
[substantiv]

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a variation of coronavirus that was first reported back in 2019

sindromul respirator acut sever coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2

sindromul respirator acut sever coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2

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pneumonia
[substantiv]

the infection and inflammation of air sacs in one's lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection that makes breathing difficult

pneumonie, infecție pulmonară

pneumonie, infecție pulmonară

Ex: Vaccination against common pathogens , such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza virus , can help prevent pneumonia and reduce its severity if contracted .Vaccinarea împotriva patogenilor obișnuiți, cum ar fi Streptococcus pneumoniae și virusul gripal, poate ajuta la prevenirea **pneumoniei** și la reducerea severității acesteia dacă este contractată.
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plague
[substantiv]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

ciumă, moartea neagră

ciumă, moartea neagră

Ex: Symptoms of the plague can include fever , chills , headache , weakness , and painful swollen lymph nodes .Simptomele **ciumei** pot include febră, frisoane, dureri de cap, slăbiciune și ganglioni limfatici umflați și dureroși.
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pertussis
[substantiv]

a contagious respiratory disease often characterized by violent coughs and breathing difficulties

tuse convulsivă, tuse puternică

tuse convulsivă, tuse puternică

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meningitis
[substantiv]

a serious infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the thin protective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord, causing intense headaches and high temperature

meningită

meningită

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measles
[substantiv]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

pojar, boala pojarului

pojar, boala pojarului

Ex: Complications of measles can include pneumonia , encephalitis ( brain inflammation ) , and in severe cases , death .Complicațiile **rubeolei** pot include pneumonie, encefalită (inflamație a creierului) și, în cazuri severe, deces.
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croup
[substantiv]

a common respiratory infection in children that causes swelling around the vocal cords

crup, laringită striduloasă

crup, laringită striduloasă

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Covid-19
[substantiv]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

COVID-19, boala coronavirus 2019

COVID-19, boala coronavirus 2019

Ex: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound socio-economic impacts , leading to changes in healthcare , travel , and everyday life globally .Pandemia de **COVID-19** a avut impact socio-economic profund, ducând la schimbări în asistența medicală, călătorii și viața de zi cu zi la nivel global.
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common cold
[substantiv]

a viral infection causing symptoms like a runny nose, cough, and sore throat

răceală comună, răceală

răceală comună, răceală

Ex: Wash your hands often to avoid getting a common cold.Spălați-vă des mâinile pentru a evita să vă **răciți**.
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cholera
[substantiv]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

holeră, boala holeră

holeră, boala holeră

Ex: Doctors worked tirelessly to treat patients suffering from cholera in the makeshift clinic .Medicii au lucrat neobosit pentru a trata pacienții care suferă de **holeră** în clinica improvizată.
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chickenpox
[substantiv]

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

varicelă, vărsat de vânt

varicelă, vărsat de vânt

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long Covid
[substantiv]

a medical condition wherein people continue to experience COVID-19 symptoms for weeks or months after they begin to recover

Covid lung, sindromul post-Covid

Covid lung, sindromul post-Covid

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leprosy
[substantiv]

a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae that can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose

lepră

lepră

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rubella
[substantiv]

a contagious viral illness, often occurring in children, that causes a red rash on the body as well as symptoms like fever, sore throat, and eye redness

rubeolă, pojar german

rubeolă, pojar german

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gastric flu
[substantiv]

an intestinal infection‌ that often causes watery diarrhea, inflammation, nausea, vomiting, or fever

gripă gastrică, gastroenterită

gripă gastrică, gastroenterită

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paratyphoid fever
[substantiv]

a bacterial infection causing symptoms similar to typhoid fever, transmitted through contaminated food or water, and treated with antibiotics

febră paratifoidă, paratifoid

febră paratifoidă, paratifoid

Ex: Individuals with paratyphoid fever should follow medical advice , complete the prescribed antibiotic course , and stay hydrated .Persoanele cu **febră paratifoidă** trebuie să urmeze sfaturile medicale, să completeze tratamentul antibiotic prescris și să rămână hidratate.
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ebola
[substantiv]

a potentially fatal disease that causes problems with how one's blood clots

Ebola, boala provocată de virusul Ebola

Ebola, boala provocată de virusul Ebola

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tonsillitis
[substantiv]

an infection or inflammation of the tonsils

amigdalită, angină

amigdalită, angină

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mumps
[substantiv]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

oreion, parotidita epidemica

oreion, parotidita epidemica

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diphtheria
[substantiv]

a chronic infection caused by a gram-positive bacterium and characterized by the formation of a false membrane in the air passages, particularly those of the throat

difterie, infecție difterică

difterie, infecție difterică

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influenza
[substantiv]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus that attacks the nose, lungs, and throat

gripă

gripă

Ex: Symptoms of influenza include fever , cough , and body aches .
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avian flu
[substantiv]

a type of influenza virus that rapidly spreads among birds and in rare cases, it can affect humans as well

gripa aviară, influenza aviară

gripa aviară, influenza aviară

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giardiasis
[substantiv]

an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea

giardioză

giardioză

Ex: For prevention of giardiasis, you can practice good hygiene , especially when handling food and water .
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a viral infection primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, leading to symptoms like extreme fatigue, sore throat, and swollen glands

mononucleoză infecțioasă, mononucleoză

mononucleoză infecțioasă, mononucleoză

Ex: Good hygiene practices, including avoiding the sharing of utensils and drinks, can help prevent mono.Practicile bune de igienă, inclusiv evitarea partajării ustensilelor și băuturilor, pot ajuta la prevenirea **mononucleozei infecțioase**.
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malaria
[substantiv]

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

malarie

malarie

Ex: The outbreak of malaria in the village prompted a swift response from medical teams .Izvorârea **malariei** în sat a determinat un răspuns rapid din partea echipelor medicale.
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a rare, potentially life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins, often associated with tampon use in menstruating individuals

sindromul de șoc toxic, SST

sindromul de șoc toxic, SST

Ex: TSS can result from the release of toxins produced by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.**Sindromul de șoc toxic** poate rezulta din eliberarea toxinelor produse de bacterii, cum ar fi Staphylococcus aureus sau Streptococcus pyogenes.
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typhoid
[substantiv]

a serious and potentially life-threatening disease marked by high fever, diarrhea, and red spots that appear on the chest and abdomen

febră tifoidă, tifos

febră tifoidă, tifos

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tuberculosis
[substantiv]

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberculoză

tuberculoză

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bubonic plague
[substantiv]

a highly contagious and often fatal bacterial infection characterized by painful swollen lymph nodes, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and transmitted through the bite of infected fleas

ciumă bubonică, moartea neagră

ciumă bubonică, moartea neagră

Ex: Symptoms of bubonic plague include fever , chills , weakness , and the distinctive appearance of painful , swollen lymph nodes .Simptomele **ciumei bubonice** includ febră, frisoane, slăbiciune și apariția distinctivă a ganglioni limfatici dureroși, umflați.
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cytomegalovirus
[substantiv]

a common herpesvirus that may cause mild to severe illness, particularly in individuals with weakened immune system, and is transmitted through bodily fluids

citomegalovirus, CMV

citomegalovirus, CMV

Ex: Education and awareness play a role in preventing CMV transmission, particularly in healthcare settings.Educația și conștientizarea joacă un rol în prevenirea transmiterii **citomegalovirusului**, în special în mediile de sănătate.
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epstein-barr virus
[substantiv]

a common herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis and can cause various illnesses, transmitted through saliva

virusul Epstein-Barr, EBV

virusul Epstein-Barr, EBV

Ex: After initial infection, EBV can remain latent in the body and reactivate without causing symptoms in most cases.După infecția inițială, **virusul Epstein-Barr** poate rămâne latent în organism și se poate reactiva fără a provoca simptome în majoritatea cazurilor.
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a severe form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella, often contracted through inhaling contaminated water droplets

boala legionarilor

boala legionarilor

Ex: Regular monitoring and testing of water systems in high-risk environments are crucial for preventing Legionnaires' disease.Monitorizarea și testarea regulată a sistemelor de apă în medii cu risc ridicat sunt cruciale pentru prevenirea **bolii legionarilor**.
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leptospirosis
[substantiv]

a bacterial infection transmitted through contact with contaminated water or soil, causing flu-like symptoms and potentially severe complications

leptospiroză, infecție cu leptospire

leptospiroză, infecție cu leptospire

Ex: Outdoor activities such as farming, camping, or water sports may pose a higher risk of exposure to Leptospira.Activitățile în aer liber, cum ar fi agricultura, campingul sau sporturile acvatice, pot prezenta un risc mai mare de expunere la **leptospiroză** (o infecție bacteriană transmisă prin contact cu apă sau sol contaminat, care provoacă simptome asemănătoare gripei și complicații potențial severe).
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scarlet fever
[substantiv]

a childhood illness with a red rash, sore throat, and fever caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria

scarlatină

scarlatină

Ex: Untreated cases of scarlet fever can lead to complications like rheumatic fever or kidney problems .Cazurile netratate de **scarlatină** pot duce la complicații precum febra reumatică sau probleme renale.
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scrofula
[substantiv]

a swelling of the lymph nodes, often in the neck, caused by tuberculosis or other bacterial infections

scrofuloză, adenită tuberculoasă

scrofuloză, adenită tuberculoasă

Ex: The historical association between scrofula and tuberculosis reflects the evolution of medical knowledge and terminology .
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typhus
[substantiv]

a potentially fatal disease characterized by high temperature and appearance of purple marks on the body

tifos, febră tifoidă

tifos, febră tifoidă

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weil's disease
[substantiv]

a bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria, transmitted through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals

boala Weil, leptospiroză

boala Weil, leptospiroză

Ex: Individuals engaging in activities such as farming, swimming, or water sports may be at an increased risk of Weil's disease.
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yaws
[substantiv]

a tropical bacterial infection that causes chronic skin lesions and bone deformities, primarily affecting children in impoverished regions

yaws, frambezie

yaws, frambezie

Ex: Yaws is more common in children , and prompt treatment is essential to prevent long-term complications .
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anthrax
[substantiv]

a serious bacterial disease of warm-blooded animals, particularly cattle and sheep, that can be transmitted to people by contaminated wool, raw meat, or other animal products

antrax, boala antrax

antrax, boala antrax

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toxoplasmosis
[substantiv]

a parasitic disease that mainly affects unborn children and is mostly transmitted through undercooked meat, soil, or cat feces

toxoplasmoză

toxoplasmoză

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dengue fever
[substantiv]

a mosquito-borne viral infection causing flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, potentially leading to hemorrhagic fever or shock

febra dengue, dengue

febra dengue, dengue

Ex: Research and vector control efforts contribute to the global efforts to reduce the impact of dengue fever.Cercetarea și eforturile de control al vectorilor contribuie la eforturile globale de reducere a impactului **febrei dengue**.
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a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, characterized by fever, rash, and, if untreated, potential complications involving multiple organ systems

febra peteșiată a Munților Stâncoși, febra Munților Stâncoși

febra peteșiată a Munților Stâncoși, febra Munților Stâncoși

Ex: Early symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever may include fever , headache , and muscle aches .
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West Nile virus
[substantiv]

a mosquito-borne virus that can cause mild to severe illness, with symptoms ranging from fever and body aches to neurological complications

virusul Nilului de Vest, virusul West Nile

virusul Nilului de Vest, virusul West Nile

Ex: West Nile virus is present in various regions globally , with periodic outbreaks occurring in affected areas .**Virusul Nilului de Vest** este prezent în diverse regiuni la nivel global, cu focare periodice în zonele afectate.
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