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Salud y Enfermedad - Enfermedades infecciosas

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con enfermedades infecciosas como "neumonía", "varicela" y "lepra".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
yellow fever
[Sustantivo]

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

fiebre amarilla

fiebre amarilla

tetanus
[Sustantivo]

a severe infectious disease marked by painful muscle contractions, particularly that of the jaw, as a result of bacteria invading the body through cuts or wounds

tétanos

tétanos

swine flu
[Sustantivo]

a potentially fatal disease passed between humans that is caused by an influenza strain similar to swine flu in pigs

gripe porcina, influenza porcina

gripe porcina, influenza porcina

smallpox
[Sustantivo]

an acute infectious disease characterized by fever and skin eruption, usually leaving permanent scars

viruela

viruela

scrapie
[Sustantivo]

an infectious and often fatal disease that mainly affects the nervous system of sheep

tembladera

tembladera

SARS
[Sustantivo]

a viral illness that primarily affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as fever, coughing, and breathing difficulties, and it can lead to severe illness and even death

gripe aviar

gripe aviar

SARS-CoV-2
[Sustantivo]

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a variation of coronavirus that was first reported back in 2019

SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2

pneumonia
[Sustantivo]

the infection and inflammation of air sacs in one's lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection that makes breathing difficult

neumonía, pulmonía

neumonía, pulmonía

Ex: Vaccination against common pathogens , such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza virus , can help prevent pneumonia and reduce its severity if contracted .La vacunación contra patógenos comunes, como Streptococcus pneumoniae y el virus de la influenza, puede ayudar a prevenir la **neumonía** y reducir su gravedad si se contrae.
plague
[Sustantivo]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

plaga, peste

plaga, peste

Ex: Symptoms of the plague can include fever , chills , headache , weakness , and painful swollen lymph nodes .Los síntomas de la **peste** pueden incluir fiebre, escalofríos, dolor de cabeza, debilidad y ganglios linfáticos inflamados y dolorosos.
pertussis
[Sustantivo]

a contagious respiratory disease often characterized by violent coughs and breathing difficulties

tos ferina

tos ferina

meningitis
[Sustantivo]

a serious infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the thin protective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord, causing intense headaches and high temperature

meningitis

meningitis

measles
[Sustantivo]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

sarampión

sarampión

Ex: Complications of measles can include pneumonia , encephalitis ( brain inflammation ) , and in severe cases , death .Las complicaciones del **sarampión** pueden incluir neumonía, encefalitis (inflamación del cerebro) y, en casos graves, la muerte.
croup
[Sustantivo]

a common respiratory infection in children that causes swelling around the vocal cords

crup

crup

Covid-19
[Sustantivo]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

COVID-19

COVID-19

Ex: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound socio-economic impacts , leading to changes in healthcare , travel , and everyday life globally .La pandemia de **COVID-19** ha tenido profundos impactos socioeconómicos, llevando a cambios en la atención médica, los viajes y la vida cotidiana a nivel mundial.
common cold
[Sustantivo]

a viral infection causing symptoms like a runny nose, cough, and sore throat

resfriado común, resfrío común

resfriado común, resfrío común

Ex: Wash your hands often to avoid getting a common cold.Lávate las manos con frecuencia para evitar contraer un **resfriado común**.
cholera
[Sustantivo]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

cólera

cólera

Ex: Doctors worked tirelessly to treat patients suffering from cholera in the makeshift clinic .Los médicos trabajaron sin descanso para tratar a los pacientes que sufrían de **cólera** en la clínica improvisada.
chickenpox
[Sustantivo]

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

varicela

varicela

long Covid
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition wherein people continue to experience COVID-19 symptoms for weeks or months after they begin to recover

COVID-19 persistente

COVID-19 persistente

leprosy
[Sustantivo]

a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae that can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose

lepra

lepra

rubella
[Sustantivo]

a contagious viral illness, often occurring in children, that causes a red rash on the body as well as symptoms like fever, sore throat, and eye redness

rubéola, rubeola

rubéola, rubeola

gastric flu
[Sustantivo]

an intestinal infection‌ that often causes watery diarrhea, inflammation, nausea, vomiting, or fever

gastroenteritis

gastroenteritis

paratyphoid fever
[Sustantivo]

a bacterial infection causing symptoms similar to typhoid fever, transmitted through contaminated food or water, and treated with antibiotics

fiebre paratifoidea, paratifoidea

fiebre paratifoidea, paratifoidea

Ex: Individuals with paratyphoid fever should follow medical advice , complete the prescribed antibiotic course , and stay hydrated .Las personas con **fiebre paratifoidea** deben seguir el consejo médico, completar el tratamiento antibiótico prescrito y mantenerse hidratadas.
ebola
[Sustantivo]

a potentially fatal disease that causes problems with how one's blood clots

ébola

ébola

tonsillitis
[Sustantivo]

an infection or inflammation of the tonsils

amigdalitis

amigdalitis

mumps
[Sustantivo]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

paperas, parotiditis

paperas, parotiditis

diphtheria
[Sustantivo]

a chronic infection caused by a gram-positive bacterium and characterized by the formation of a false membrane in the air passages, particularly those of the throat

difteria

difteria

influenza
[Sustantivo]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus that attacks the nose, lungs, and throat

gripe

gripe

Ex: Symptoms of influenza include fever , cough , and body aches .Los síntomas de la **gripe** incluyen fiebre, tos y dolores corporales.
avian flu
[Sustantivo]

a type of influenza virus that rapidly spreads among birds and in rare cases, it can affect humans as well

gripe aviar

gripe aviar

giardiasis
[Sustantivo]

an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea

giardiasis

giardiasis

Ex: For prevention of giardiasis, you can practice good hygiene , especially when handling food and water .Para la prevención de la **giardiasis**, puedes practicar una buena higiene, especialmente al manipular alimentos y agua.

a viral infection primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, leading to symptoms like extreme fatigue, sore throat, and swollen glands

mononucleosis infecciosa, mononucleosis

mononucleosis infecciosa, mononucleosis

Ex: Good hygiene practices, including avoiding the sharing of utensils and drinks, can help prevent mono.Las buenas prácticas de higiene, incluyendo evitar compartir utensilios y bebidas, pueden ayudar a prevenir la **mononucleosis infecciosa**.
malaria
[Sustantivo]

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

malaria, paludismo

malaria, paludismo

Ex: The outbreak of malaria in the village prompted a swift response from medical teams .El brote de **malaria** en el pueblo provocó una respuesta rápida de los equipos médicos.

a rare, potentially life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins, often associated with tampon use in menstruating individuals

síndrome de shock tóxico, SST

síndrome de shock tóxico, SST

Ex: TSS can result from the release of toxins produced by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.El **síndrome de shock tóxico** puede resultar de la liberación de toxinas producidas por bacterias, como Staphylococcus aureus o Streptococcus pyogenes.
typhoid
[Sustantivo]

a serious and potentially life-threatening disease marked by high fever, diarrhea, and red spots that appear on the chest and abdomen

tifoidea, fiebre tifoidea

tifoidea, fiebre tifoidea

tuberculosis
[Sustantivo]

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberculosis

tuberculosis

bubonic plague
[Sustantivo]

a highly contagious and often fatal bacterial infection characterized by painful swollen lymph nodes, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and transmitted through the bite of infected fleas

peste bubónica, peste negra

peste bubónica, peste negra

Ex: Symptoms of bubonic plague include fever , chills , weakness , and the distinctive appearance of painful , swollen lymph nodes .Los síntomas de la **peste bubónica** incluyen fiebre, escalofríos, debilidad y la aparición distintiva de ganglios linfáticos dolorosos e hinchados.
cytomegalovirus
[Sustantivo]

a common herpesvirus that may cause mild to severe illness, particularly in individuals with weakened immune system, and is transmitted through bodily fluids

citomegalovirus, virus citomegálico

citomegalovirus, virus citomegálico

Ex: Education and awareness play a role in preventing CMV transmission, particularly in healthcare settings.La educación y la concienciación juegan un papel en la prevención de la transmisión del **citomegalovirus**, especialmente en entornos sanitarios.
epstein-barr virus
[Sustantivo]

a common herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis and can cause various illnesses, transmitted through saliva

virus de Epstein-Barr, virus EBV

virus de Epstein-Barr, virus EBV

Ex: After initial infection, EBV can remain latent in the body and reactivate without causing symptoms in most cases.Después de la infección inicial, el **virus de Epstein-Barr** puede permanecer latente en el cuerpo y reactivarse sin causar síntomas en la mayoría de los casos.

a severe form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella, often contracted through inhaling contaminated water droplets

la enfermedad del legionario

la enfermedad del legionario

Ex: Regular monitoring and testing of water systems in high-risk environments are crucial for preventing Legionnaires' disease.El monitoreo y las pruebas regulares de los sistemas de agua en entornos de alto riesgo son cruciales para prevenir la **enfermedad del legionario**.
leptospirosis
[Sustantivo]

a bacterial infection transmitted through contact with contaminated water or soil, causing flu-like symptoms and potentially severe complications

leptospirosis, infección por leptospiras

leptospirosis, infección por leptospiras

Ex: Outdoor activities such as farming, camping, or water sports may pose a higher risk of exposure to Leptospira.Las actividades al aire libre como la agricultura, el camping o los deportes acuáticos pueden representar un mayor riesgo de exposición a **la leptospirosis** (una infección bacteriana transmitida por contacto con agua o suelo contaminado, que causa síntomas similares a los de la gripe y complicaciones potencialmente graves).
scarlet fever
[Sustantivo]

a childhood illness with a red rash, sore throat, and fever caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria

fiebre escarlata

fiebre escarlata

Ex: Untreated cases of scarlet fever can lead to complications like rheumatic fever or kidney problems .Los casos no tratados de **escarlatina** pueden provocar complicaciones como fiebre reumática o problemas renales.
scrofula
[Sustantivo]

a swelling of the lymph nodes, often in the neck, caused by tuberculosis or other bacterial infections

escrófula, adenitis tuberculosa

escrófula, adenitis tuberculosa

Ex: The historical association between scrofula and tuberculosis reflects the evolution of medical knowledge and terminology .La asociación histórica entre la **escrófula** y la tuberculosis refleja la evolución del conocimiento médico y la terminología.
typhus
[Sustantivo]

a potentially fatal disease characterized by high temperature and appearance of purple marks on the body

tifus

tifus

weil's disease
[Sustantivo]

a bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria, transmitted through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals

la enfermedad de Weil, la leptospirosis

la enfermedad de Weil, la leptospirosis

Ex: Individuals engaging in activities such as farming, swimming, or water sports may be at an increased risk of Weil's disease.Las personas que realizan actividades como la agricultura, la natación o los deportes acuáticos pueden tener un mayor riesgo de **enfermedad de Weil**.
yaws
[Sustantivo]

a tropical bacterial infection that causes chronic skin lesions and bone deformities, primarily affecting children in impoverished regions

pian, frambesia

pian, frambesia

Ex: Yaws is more common in children , and prompt treatment is essential to prevent long-term complications .La **pian** es más común en los niños, y el tratamiento inmediato es esencial para prevenir complicaciones a largo plazo.
anthrax
[Sustantivo]

a serious bacterial disease of warm-blooded animals, particularly cattle and sheep, that can be transmitted to people by contaminated wool, raw meat, or other animal products

ántrax, carbunco

ántrax, carbunco

toxoplasmosis
[Sustantivo]

a parasitic disease that mainly affects unborn children and is mostly transmitted through undercooked meat, soil, or cat feces

toxoplasmosis

toxoplasmosis

dengue fever
[Sustantivo]

a mosquito-borne viral infection causing flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, potentially leading to hemorrhagic fever or shock

fiebre del dengue, dengue

fiebre del dengue, dengue

Ex: Research and vector control efforts contribute to the global efforts to reduce the impact of dengue fever.Las investigaciones y los esfuerzos de control de vectores contribuyen a los esfuerzos globales para reducir el impacto del **dengue**.

a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, characterized by fever, rash, and, if untreated, potential complications involving multiple organ systems

fiebre maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas, fiebre manchada de las Montañas Rocosas

fiebre maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas, fiebre manchada de las Montañas Rocosas

Ex: Early symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever may include fever , headache , and muscle aches .Los primeros síntomas de la **fiebre maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas** pueden incluir fiebre, dolor de cabeza y dolores musculares.
West Nile virus
[Sustantivo]

a mosquito-borne virus that can cause mild to severe illness, with symptoms ranging from fever and body aches to neurological complications

virus del Nilo Occidental, virus West Nile

virus del Nilo Occidental, virus West Nile

Ex: West Nile virus is present in various regions globally , with periodic outbreaks occurring in affected areas .El **virus del Nilo Occidental** está presente en varias regiones del mundo, con brotes periódicos en las áreas afectadas.
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