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Salute e Malattia - Malattie infettive

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi relative alle malattie infettive come "polmonite", "varicella" e "lebbra".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
yellow fever
[sostantivo]

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

febbre gialla

febbre gialla

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tetanus
[sostantivo]

a severe infectious disease marked by painful muscle contractions, particularly that of the jaw, as a result of bacteria invading the body through cuts or wounds

tetano

tetano

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swine flu
[sostantivo]

a potentially fatal disease passed between humans that is caused by an influenza strain similar to swine flu in pigs

suina

suina

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smallpox
[sostantivo]

an acute infectious disease characterized by fever and skin eruption, usually leaving permanent scars

vaiolo

vaiolo

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scrapie
[sostantivo]

an infectious and often fatal disease that mainly affects the nervous system of sheep

scrapie

scrapie

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SARS
[sostantivo]

a viral illness that primarily affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as fever, coughing, and breathing difficulties, and it can lead to severe illness and even death

SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)

SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)

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SARS-CoV-2
[sostantivo]

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a variation of coronavirus that was first reported back in 2019

SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2

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pneumonia
[sostantivo]

the infection and inflammation of air sacs in one's lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection that makes breathing difficult

polmonite

polmonite

Ex: Vaccination against common pathogens , such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza virus , can help prevent pneumonia and reduce its severity if contracted .La vaccinazione contro agenti patogeni comuni, come lo Streptococcus pneumoniae e il virus dell'influenza, può aiutare a prevenire la **polmonite** e ridurne la gravità se contratta.
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plague
[sostantivo]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

peste

peste

Ex: Symptoms of the plague can include fever , chills , headache , weakness , and painful swollen lymph nodes .I sintomi della **peste** possono includere febbre, brividi, mal di testa, debolezza e linfonodi gonfi e dolorosi.
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pertussis
[sostantivo]

a contagious respiratory disease often characterized by violent coughs and breathing difficulties

pertosse

pertosse

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meningitis
[sostantivo]

a serious infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the thin protective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord, causing intense headaches and high temperature

meningite

meningite

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measles
[sostantivo]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

morbillo

morbillo

Ex: Complications of measles can include pneumonia , encephalitis ( brain inflammation ) , and in severe cases , death .Le complicazioni del **morbillo** possono includere polmonite, encefalite (infiammazione del cervello) e, nei casi gravi, la morte.
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croup
[sostantivo]

a common respiratory infection in children that causes swelling around the vocal cords

groppa

groppa

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Covid-19
[sostantivo]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

Covid-19

Covid-19

Ex: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound socio-economic impacts , leading to changes in healthcare , travel , and everyday life globally .La pandemia di **COVID-19** ha avuto profondi impatti socio-economici, portando a cambiamenti nell'assistenza sanitaria, nei viaggi e nella vita quotidiana a livello globale.
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common cold
[sostantivo]

a viral infection causing symptoms like a runny nose, cough, and sore throat

raffreddore

raffreddore

Ex: Wash your hands often to avoid getting a common cold.Lavati spesso le mani per evitare di prendere un **raffreddore comune**.
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cholera
[sostantivo]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

colera

colera

Ex: Doctors worked tirelessly to treat patients suffering from cholera in the makeshift clinic .I medici hanno lavorato instancabilmente per curare i pazienti affetti da **colera** nella clinica improvvisata.
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chickenpox
[sostantivo]

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

varicella

varicella

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long Covid
[sostantivo]

a medical condition wherein people continue to experience COVID-19 symptoms for weeks or months after they begin to recover

covid lungo

covid lungo

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leprosy
[sostantivo]

a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae that can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose

lebbra

lebbra

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rubella
[sostantivo]

a contagious viral illness, often occurring in children, that causes a red rash on the body as well as symptoms like fever, sore throat, and eye redness

rosolia

rosolia

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gastric flu
[sostantivo]

an intestinal infection‌ that often causes watery diarrhea, inflammation, nausea, vomiting, or fever

influenza gastrica

influenza gastrica

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paratyphoid fever
[sostantivo]

a bacterial infection causing symptoms similar to typhoid fever, transmitted through contaminated food or water, and treated with antibiotics

febbre paratifoide, paratifoide

febbre paratifoide, paratifoide

Ex: Individuals with paratyphoid fever should follow medical advice , complete the prescribed antibiotic course , and stay hydrated .Gli individui con **febbre paratifoide** devono seguire i consigli medici, completare il ciclo di antibiotici prescritto e rimanere idratati.
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ebola
[sostantivo]

a potentially fatal disease that causes problems with how one's blood clots

Ebola

Ebola

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tonsillitis
[sostantivo]

an infection or inflammation of the tonsils

Tonsillitis

Tonsillitis

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mumps
[sostantivo]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

parotite

parotite

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diphtheria
[sostantivo]

a chronic infection caused by a gram-positive bacterium and characterized by the formation of a false membrane in the air passages, particularly those of the throat

difterite

difterite

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influenza
[sostantivo]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus that attacks the nose, lungs, and throat

influenza

influenza

Ex: Symptoms of influenza include fever , cough , and body aches .
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avian flu
[sostantivo]

a type of influenza virus that rapidly spreads among birds and in rare cases, it can affect humans as well

influenza aviaria

influenza aviaria

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giardiasis
[sostantivo]

an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea

giardiasi

giardiasi

Ex: For prevention of giardiasis, you can practice good hygiene , especially when handling food and water .
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a viral infection primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, leading to symptoms like extreme fatigue, sore throat, and swollen glands

mononucleosi infettiva, mononucleosi

mononucleosi infettiva, mononucleosi

Ex: Good hygiene practices, including avoiding the sharing of utensils and drinks, can help prevent mono.Buone pratiche igieniche, compreso evitare di condividere posate e bevande, possono aiutare a prevenire la **mononucleosi infettiva**.
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malaria
[sostantivo]

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

malaria

malaria

Ex: The outbreak of malaria in the village prompted a swift response from medical teams .Lo scoppio della **malaria** nel villaggio ha provocato una risposta rapida da parte delle squadre mediche.
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a rare, potentially life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins, often associated with tampon use in menstruating individuals

sindrome da shock tossico, SST

sindrome da shock tossico, SST

Ex: TSS can result from the release of toxins produced by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.La **sindrome da shock tossico** può derivare dal rilascio di tossine prodotte da batteri, come Staphylococcus aureus o Streptococcus pyogenes.
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typhoid
[sostantivo]

a serious and potentially life-threatening disease marked by high fever, diarrhea, and red spots that appear on the chest and abdomen

tifo

tifo

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tuberculosis
[sostantivo]

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tubercolosi

tubercolosi

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bubonic plague
[sostantivo]

a highly contagious and often fatal bacterial infection characterized by painful swollen lymph nodes, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and transmitted through the bite of infected fleas

peste bubbonica, morte nera

peste bubbonica, morte nera

Ex: Symptoms of bubonic plague include fever , chills , weakness , and the distinctive appearance of painful , swollen lymph nodes .I sintomi della **peste bubbonica** includono febbre, brividi, debolezza e la caratteristica comparsa di linfonodi dolorosi e gonfi.
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cytomegalovirus
[sostantivo]

a common herpesvirus that may cause mild to severe illness, particularly in individuals with weakened immune system, and is transmitted through bodily fluids

citomegalovirus, CMV

citomegalovirus, CMV

Ex: Education and awareness play a role in preventing CMV transmission, particularly in healthcare settings.L'istruzione e la consapevolezza svolgono un ruolo nella prevenzione della trasmissione del **citomegalovirus**, in particolare nelle strutture sanitarie.
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epstein-barr virus
[sostantivo]

a common herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis and can cause various illnesses, transmitted through saliva

virus di Epstein-Barr, virus EBV

virus di Epstein-Barr, virus EBV

Ex: After initial infection, EBV can remain latent in the body and reactivate without causing symptoms in most cases.Dopo l'infezione iniziale, il **virus di Epstein-Barr** può rimanere latente nel corpo e riattivarsi senza causare sintomi nella maggior parte dei casi.
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a severe form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella, often contracted through inhaling contaminated water droplets

la legionellosi

la legionellosi

Ex: Regular monitoring and testing of water systems in high-risk environments are crucial for preventing Legionnaires' disease.Il monitoraggio regolare e i test dei sistemi idrici in ambienti ad alto rischio sono cruciali per prevenire la **malattia del legionario**.
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leptospirosis
[sostantivo]

a bacterial infection transmitted through contact with contaminated water or soil, causing flu-like symptoms and potentially severe complications

leptospirosi, infezione da leptospire

leptospirosi, infezione da leptospire

Ex: Outdoor activities such as farming, camping, or water sports may pose a higher risk of exposure to Leptospira.Attività all'aperto come l'agricoltura, il campeggio o gli sport acquatici possono comportare un rischio maggiore di esposizione alla **leptospirosi** (un'infezione batterica trasmessa attraverso il contatto con acqua o terreno contaminati, che causa sintomi simil-influenzali e potenzialmente gravi complicazioni).
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scarlet fever
[sostantivo]

a childhood illness with a red rash, sore throat, and fever caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria

scarlattina

scarlattina

Ex: Untreated cases of scarlet fever can lead to complications like rheumatic fever or kidney problems .Casi non trattati di **scarlattina** possono portare a complicazioni come la febbre reumatica o problemi renali.
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scrofula
[sostantivo]

a swelling of the lymph nodes, often in the neck, caused by tuberculosis or other bacterial infections

scrofolosi, adenite tubercolare

scrofolosi, adenite tubercolare

Ex: The historical association between scrofula and tuberculosis reflects the evolution of medical knowledge and terminology .
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typhus
[sostantivo]

a potentially fatal disease characterized by high temperature and appearance of purple marks on the body

tifo

tifo

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weil's disease
[sostantivo]

a bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria, transmitted through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals

la malattia di Weil, la leptospirosi

la malattia di Weil, la leptospirosi

Ex: Individuals engaging in activities such as farming, swimming, or water sports may be at an increased risk of Weil's disease.
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yaws
[sostantivo]

a tropical bacterial infection that causes chronic skin lesions and bone deformities, primarily affecting children in impoverished regions

pian, framboesia

pian, framboesia

Ex: Yaws is more common in children , and prompt treatment is essential to prevent long-term complications .
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anthrax
[sostantivo]

a serious bacterial disease of warm-blooded animals, particularly cattle and sheep, that can be transmitted to people by contaminated wool, raw meat, or other animal products

antrace

antrace

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toxoplasmosis
[sostantivo]

a parasitic disease that mainly affects unborn children and is mostly transmitted through undercooked meat, soil, or cat feces

toxoplasmosi

toxoplasmosi

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dengue fever
[sostantivo]

a mosquito-borne viral infection causing flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, potentially leading to hemorrhagic fever or shock

febbre dengue, dengue

febbre dengue, dengue

Ex: Research and vector control efforts contribute to the global efforts to reduce the impact of dengue fever.La ricerca e gli sforzi di controllo dei vettori contribuiscono agli sforzi globali per ridurre l'impatto della **febbre dengue**.
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a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, characterized by fever, rash, and, if untreated, potential complications involving multiple organ systems

febbre maculata delle Montagne Rocciose, febbre delle Montagne Rocciose

febbre maculata delle Montagne Rocciose, febbre delle Montagne Rocciose

Ex: Early symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever may include fever , headache , and muscle aches .
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West Nile virus
[sostantivo]

a mosquito-borne virus that can cause mild to severe illness, with symptoms ranging from fever and body aches to neurological complications

virus del Nilo occidentale, virus West Nile

virus del Nilo occidentale, virus West Nile

Ex: West Nile virus is present in various regions globally , with periodic outbreaks occurring in affected areas .Il **virus del Nilo occidentale** è presente in varie regioni del mondo, con focolai periodici nelle aree colpite.
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