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Hälsa och Sjukdom - Smittsamma sjukdomar

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord relaterade till infektionssjukdomar som "lunginflammation", "vattkoppor" och "spetälska".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
yellow fever
[Substantiv]

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

gul feber, svart kräkning

gul feber, svart kräkning

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tetanus
[Substantiv]

a severe infectious disease marked by painful muscle contractions, particularly that of the jaw, as a result of bacteria invading the body through cuts or wounds

stelkramp

stelkramp

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swine flu
[Substantiv]

a potentially fatal disease passed between humans that is caused by an influenza strain similar to swine flu in pigs

svininfluensa, svinpest

svininfluensa, svinpest

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smallpox
[Substantiv]

an acute infectious disease characterized by fever and skin eruption, usually leaving permanent scars

smittkoppor, variola

smittkoppor, variola

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scrapie
[Substantiv]

an infectious and often fatal disease that mainly affects the nervous system of sheep

skrapesjuka, scrapie

skrapesjuka, scrapie

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SARS
[Substantiv]

a viral illness that primarily affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as fever, coughing, and breathing difficulties, and it can lead to severe illness and even death

SARS, allvarlig akut respiratorisk sjukdom

SARS, allvarlig akut respiratorisk sjukdom

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SARS-CoV-2
[Substantiv]

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a variation of coronavirus that was first reported back in 2019

allvarlig akut respiratorisk syndrom coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2

allvarlig akut respiratorisk syndrom coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2

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pneumonia
[Substantiv]

the infection and inflammation of air sacs in one's lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection that makes breathing difficult

lunginflammation, lunghinfektion

lunginflammation, lunghinfektion

Ex: Vaccination against common pathogens , such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza virus , can help prevent pneumonia and reduce its severity if contracted .Vaccination mot vanliga patogener, såsom Streptococcus pneumoniae och influensavirus, kan hjälpa till att förhindra **lunginflammation** och minska dess allvarlighet om den drabbas.
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plague
[Substantiv]

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

pesten, den svarta döden

pesten, den svarta döden

Ex: Symptoms of the plague can include fever , chills , headache , weakness , and painful swollen lymph nodes .Symtom på **pesten** kan inkludera feber, frossa, huvudvärk, svaghet och smärtsamt svullna lymfknutor.
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pertussis
[Substantiv]

a contagious respiratory disease often characterized by violent coughs and breathing difficulties

kikhosta, våldsam hosta

kikhosta, våldsam hosta

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meningitis
[Substantiv]

a serious infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the thin protective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord, causing intense headaches and high temperature

meningit

meningit

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measles
[Substantiv]

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

mässling, mässlingssjukdom

mässling, mässlingssjukdom

Ex: Complications of measles can include pneumonia , encephalitis ( brain inflammation ) , and in severe cases , death .Komplikationer av **mässling** kan inkludera lunginflammation, encefalit (hjärninflammation) och i svåra fall död.
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croup
[Substantiv]

a common respiratory infection in children that causes swelling around the vocal cords

krup, pseudokrup

krup, pseudokrup

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Covid-19
[Substantiv]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

COVID-19, coronasjukan 2019

COVID-19, coronasjukan 2019

Ex: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound socio-economic impacts , leading to changes in healthcare , travel , and everyday life globally .**COVID-19**-pandemin har haft djupa socioekonomiska effekter, vilket har lett till förändringar inom hälso- och sjukvård, resor och vardagsliv globalt.
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common cold
[Substantiv]

a viral infection causing symptoms like a runny nose, cough, and sore throat

förkylning, vanlig förkylning

förkylning, vanlig förkylning

Ex: Wash your hands often to avoid getting a common cold.Tvätta ofta händerna för att undvika att få en **förkylning**.
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cholera
[Substantiv]

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

kolera, kolerasjukdom

kolera, kolerasjukdom

Ex: Doctors worked tirelessly to treat patients suffering from cholera in the makeshift clinic .Läkarna arbetade outtröttligt för att behandla patienter som led av **kolera** i den provisoriska kliniken.
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chickenpox
[Substantiv]

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

vattkoppor, varicella

vattkoppor, varicella

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long Covid
[Substantiv]

a medical condition wherein people continue to experience COVID-19 symptoms for weeks or months after they begin to recover

lång Covid, post-Covid-syndrom

lång Covid, post-Covid-syndrom

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leprosy
[Substantiv]

a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae that can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose

lepra

lepra

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rubella
[Substantiv]

a contagious viral illness, often occurring in children, that causes a red rash on the body as well as symptoms like fever, sore throat, and eye redness

röda hund, tysk mässling

röda hund, tysk mässling

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gastric flu
[Substantiv]

an intestinal infection‌ that often causes watery diarrhea, inflammation, nausea, vomiting, or fever

magsjuka, gastroenterit

magsjuka, gastroenterit

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paratyphoid fever
[Substantiv]

a bacterial infection causing symptoms similar to typhoid fever, transmitted through contaminated food or water, and treated with antibiotics

paratyfoid feber, paratyfoid

paratyfoid feber, paratyfoid

Ex: Individuals with paratyphoid fever should follow medical advice , complete the prescribed antibiotic course , and stay hydrated .Personer med **paratyfoid feber** bör följa medicinska råd, slutföra den ordinerade antibiotikakuren och hålla sig hydrerade.
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ebola
[Substantiv]

a potentially fatal disease that causes problems with how one's blood clots

Ebola, Ebolavirus sjukdom

Ebola, Ebolavirus sjukdom

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tonsillitis
[Substantiv]

an infection or inflammation of the tonsils

tonsillit, halsfluss

tonsillit, halsfluss

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mumps
[Substantiv]

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

påssjuka, epidemisk parotit

påssjuka, epidemisk parotit

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diphtheria
[Substantiv]

a chronic infection caused by a gram-positive bacterium and characterized by the formation of a false membrane in the air passages, particularly those of the throat

difteri, difteriinfektion

difteri, difteriinfektion

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influenza
[Substantiv]

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus that attacks the nose, lungs, and throat

influensa

influensa

Ex: Symptoms of influenza include fever , cough , and body aches .
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avian flu
[Substantiv]

a type of influenza virus that rapidly spreads among birds and in rare cases, it can affect humans as well

fågelinfluensa, aviär influensa

fågelinfluensa, aviär influensa

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giardiasis
[Substantiv]

an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea

giardiasis

giardiasis

Ex: For prevention of giardiasis, you can practice good hygiene , especially when handling food and water .
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a viral infection primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, leading to symptoms like extreme fatigue, sore throat, and swollen glands

infektiös mononukleos, mononukleos

infektiös mononukleos, mononukleos

Ex: Good hygiene practices, including avoiding the sharing of utensils and drinks, can help prevent mono.God hygienpraxis, inklusive att undvika att dela bestick och drycker, kan hjälpa till att förhindra **infektiös mononukleos**.
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malaria
[Substantiv]

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

malaria

malaria

Ex: The outbreak of malaria in the village prompted a swift response from medical teams .Utbrottet av **malaria** i byn ledde till en snabb respons från medicinska team.
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a rare, potentially life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins, often associated with tampon use in menstruating individuals

toxiskt chocksyndrom, TCS

toxiskt chocksyndrom, TCS

Ex: TSS can result from the release of toxins produced by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.**Toxiskt chocksyndrom** kan uppstå på grund av frisättning av toxiner som produceras av bakterier, såsom Staphylococcus aureus eller Streptococcus pyogenes.
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typhoid
[Substantiv]

a serious and potentially life-threatening disease marked by high fever, diarrhea, and red spots that appear on the chest and abdomen

tyfoidfeber, tyfus

tyfoidfeber, tyfus

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tuberculosis
[Substantiv]

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

tuberkulos

tuberkulos

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bubonic plague
[Substantiv]

a highly contagious and often fatal bacterial infection characterized by painful swollen lymph nodes, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and transmitted through the bite of infected fleas

böldpest, svarta döden

böldpest, svarta döden

Ex: Symptoms of bubonic plague include fever , chills , weakness , and the distinctive appearance of painful , swollen lymph nodes .Symtom på **böldpest** inkluderar feber, frossa, svaghet och den karakteristiska förekomsten av smärtsamma, svullna lymfkörtlar.
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cytomegalovirus
[Substantiv]

a common herpesvirus that may cause mild to severe illness, particularly in individuals with weakened immune system, and is transmitted through bodily fluids

cytomegalovirus, CMV

cytomegalovirus, CMV

Ex: Education and awareness play a role in preventing CMV transmission, particularly in healthcare settings.Utbildning och medvetenhet spelar en roll i att förhindra överföringen av **cytomegalovirus**, särskilt inom hälso- och sjukvården.
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epstein-barr virus
[Substantiv]

a common herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis and can cause various illnesses, transmitted through saliva

Epstein-Barr-virus, EBV

Epstein-Barr-virus, EBV

Ex: After initial infection, EBV can remain latent in the body and reactivate without causing symptoms in most cases.Efter initial infektion kan **Epstein-Barr-viruset** förbli latent i kroppen och återaktiveras utan att orsaka symptom i de flesta fall.
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a severe form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella, often contracted through inhaling contaminated water droplets

legionärssjuka

legionärssjuka

Ex: Regular monitoring and testing of water systems in high-risk environments are crucial for preventing Legionnaires' disease.Regelbunden övervakning och testning av vattensystem i högriskmiljöer är avgörande för att förhindra **legionärssjuka**.
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leptospirosis
[Substantiv]

a bacterial infection transmitted through contact with contaminated water or soil, causing flu-like symptoms and potentially severe complications

leptospiros, leptospirainfektion

leptospiros, leptospirainfektion

Ex: Outdoor activities such as farming, camping, or water sports may pose a higher risk of exposure to Leptospira.Utomhusaktiviteter som jordbruk, camping eller vattensporter kan innebära en högre risk för exponering för **leptospiros** (en bakterieinfektion som överförs genom kontakt med förorenat vatten eller jord, vilket orsakar influensaliknande symptom och potentiellt allvarliga komplikationer).
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scarlet fever
[Substantiv]

a childhood illness with a red rash, sore throat, and fever caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria

scharlakansfeber

scharlakansfeber

Ex: Untreated cases of scarlet fever can lead to complications like rheumatic fever or kidney problems .Obehandlade fall av **scharlakansfeber** kan leda till komplikationer som reumatisk feber eller njurproblem.
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scrofula
[Substantiv]

a swelling of the lymph nodes, often in the neck, caused by tuberculosis or other bacterial infections

skrofulos, tuberkulös lymfadenit

skrofulos, tuberkulös lymfadenit

Ex: The historical association between scrofula and tuberculosis reflects the evolution of medical knowledge and terminology .
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typhus
[Substantiv]

a potentially fatal disease characterized by high temperature and appearance of purple marks on the body

tyfus, tyfoidfeber

tyfus, tyfoidfeber

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weil's disease
[Substantiv]

a bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria, transmitted through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals

Weils sjukdom, leptospiros

Weils sjukdom, leptospiros

Ex: Individuals engaging in activities such as farming, swimming, or water sports may be at an increased risk of Weil's disease.
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yaws
[Substantiv]

a tropical bacterial infection that causes chronic skin lesions and bone deformities, primarily affecting children in impoverished regions

yaws, frambesi

yaws, frambesi

Ex: Yaws is more common in children , and prompt treatment is essential to prevent long-term complications .
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anthrax
[Substantiv]

a serious bacterial disease of warm-blooded animals, particularly cattle and sheep, that can be transmitted to people by contaminated wool, raw meat, or other animal products

mjältbrand, anthrax

mjältbrand, anthrax

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toxoplasmosis
[Substantiv]

a parasitic disease that mainly affects unborn children and is mostly transmitted through undercooked meat, soil, or cat feces

toxoplasmos

toxoplasmos

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dengue fever
[Substantiv]

a mosquito-borne viral infection causing flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, potentially leading to hemorrhagic fever or shock

denguefeber, dengue

denguefeber, dengue

Ex: Research and vector control efforts contribute to the global efforts to reduce the impact of dengue fever.Forskning och insatser för vektorkontroll bidrar till de globala ansträngningarna för att minska effekten av **denguefeber**.
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a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, characterized by fever, rash, and, if untreated, potential complications involving multiple organ systems

fläckfeber från Rocky Mountains, Rocky Mountain fläckfeber

fläckfeber från Rocky Mountains, Rocky Mountain fläckfeber

Ex: Early symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever may include fever , headache , and muscle aches .
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West Nile virus
[Substantiv]

a mosquito-borne virus that can cause mild to severe illness, with symptoms ranging from fever and body aches to neurological complications

Västnilvirus, West Nile-virus

Västnilvirus, West Nile-virus

Ex: West Nile virus is present in various regions globally , with periodic outbreaks occurring in affected areas .**Västnilvirus** förekommer i olika regioner globalt, med periodiska utbrott i drabbade områden.
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