Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le TOEFL - Géographie

a field of science that studies the structure of the earth and its history

géologie

one half of the earth divided by the equator

hémisphère

the distance between an object or point and sea level

altitude

the distance of a point north or south of the equator that is measured in degrees

latitude

relating to or characteristic of any continent

continental

the distance of a point east or west of the meridian at Greenwich that is measured in degrees

longitude

each of the two parallel and imaginary lines around the earth that is 23°26ʹ south or north of the equator

tropique

associated with or characteristic of the tropics, regions of the Earth near the equator known for their warm climate and lush vegetation

tropical

the line where the sky and earth seem to come in contact with each other

horizon

a hypothetical line around the Earth that divides it into Northern and Southern hemispheres

Équateur

a large body of land that is partially surrounded by water but is attached to a larger area of land

péninsule

land with mountains or hills

région montagneuse, hautes terres

located away from the coast

intérieur, national, domestique

having many hills

vallonné

an area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features

terrain

a stretch of land forming part of a hill or mountain

pente

the most northern or most southern points of the earth that are joined by its axis of rotation

pôle

a deep narrow valley with steep sides, usually worn by a stream

ravin

a smaller part of a river that is separated from the main and larger part

embranchement

the flow or movement of water or a liquid in a specific direction

courant

the rise and fall of the sea level, which happens regularly, as a result of the attraction of the sun and moon

marée

an area of sea that is partly surrounded by land, with a narrow opening

golfe

related to or situated along the coast, the area where land meets the sea

côtier, littoral

the round top of a volcano

cratère

a substance from the inner layers of the earth which is erupted out of a volcanic mountain

lave

a very large floating piece of ice

iceberg

a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

glacier

a valley that is deep and has very steep sides, through which a river is flowing usually

cañon, canyon

a ridge of rock or a line of sand near the surface of a body of water

récif, écueil

a natural underwater structure formed by coral

récif de corail

an area containing still water that is comparatively smaller than a lake, particularly one that is made artificially

étang

related to the sea and the different life forms that exist there

marin

the pointed top of a mountain

sommet