托福必备词汇 - Geography

a field of science that studies the structure of the earth and its history

地质学

one half of the earth divided by the equator

半球

the distance between an object or point and sea level

高度

the distance of a point north or south of the equator that is measured in degrees

纬度

relating to or characteristic of any continent

大陆的, 洲际的

the distance of a point east or west of the meridian at Greenwich that is measured in degrees

经度

each of the two parallel and imaginary lines around the earth that is 23°26ʹ south or north of the equator

回归线, 回归线（假想线）

associated with or characteristic of the tropics, regions of the Earth near the equator known for their warm climate and lush vegetation

热带的, 热带性

the line where the sky and earth seem to come in contact with each other

地平线

a hypothetical line around the Earth that divides it into Northern and Southern hemispheres

赤道

a large body of land that is partially surrounded by water but is attached to a larger area of land

半岛, 岬

land with mountains or hills

高地, 山区

located away from the coast

内陆的, 远离海岸的

having many hills

多丘陵的, 丘陵起伏的

an area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features

地形, 地势

a stretch of land forming part of a hill or mountain

坡, 坡度

the most northern or most southern points of the earth that are joined by its axis of rotation

极, 地理极

a deep narrow valley with steep sides, usually worn by a stream

峡谷, 沟壑

a smaller part of a river that is separated from the main and larger part

支流, 分支

the flow or movement of water or a liquid in a specific direction

水流

the rise and fall of the sea level, which happens regularly, as a result of the attraction of the sun and moon

潮汐, 涨落

an area of sea that is partly surrounded by land, with a narrow opening

海湾, 凹处

related to or situated along the coast, the area where land meets the sea

沿海的, 海岸的

the round top of a volcano

火山口

a substance from the inner layers of the earth which is erupted out of a volcanic mountain

熔岩

a very large floating piece of ice

冰山

a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

冰川

a valley that is deep and has very steep sides, through which a river is flowing usually

峡谷, 幽谷

a ridge of rock or a line of sand near the surface of a body of water

礁, 珊瑚礁

a natural underwater structure formed by coral

珊瑚礁

an area containing still water that is comparatively smaller than a lake, particularly one that is made artificially

池塘, 水池

related to the sea and the different life forms that exist there

海洋的, 海的

the pointed top of a mountain

峰, 顶