托福必备词汇 - Geography

在这里，你将学习一些关于地理的英语单词，如“热带”、“多山的”、“斜坡”等，这些都是托福考试所需要的。

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geology

[名词]

a field of science that studies the structure of the earth and its history

地质学, 地球科学

Ex: Studying geology reveals the history of our planet , from the formation of continents to the evolution of life .研究**地质学**可以揭示我们星球的历史，从大陆的形成到生命的进化。

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hemisphere

[名词]

one of the two halves of the Earth, separated by the equator or a meridian

半球, 半球体

Ex: The Earth 's hemispheres have different weather patterns due to their locations .地球的**半球**由于位置不同而有不同的天气模式。

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altitude

[名词]

the distance between an object or point and sea level

高度

Ex: Meteorologists study altitude variations to understand atmospheric pressure changes .气象学家研究**高度**变化以了解大气压力的变化。

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latitude

[名词]

the distance of a point north or south of the equator that is measured in degrees

纬度

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continental

[形容词]

relating to or characteristic of any continent

大陆的

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longitude

[名词]

the distance of a point east or west of the meridian at Greenwich that is measured in degrees

经度, 子午线

Ex: Time zones are determined based on lines of longitude around the globe.时区是根据地球上的**经度**线确定的。

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tropic

[名词]

each of the two parallel and imaginary lines around the earth that is 23°26ʹ south or north of the equator

回归线, 热带圈

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tropical

[形容词]

associated with or characteristic of the tropics, regions of the Earth near the equator known for their warm climate and lush vegetation

热带的, 赤道的

Ex: The tropical sun provides abundant warmth and energy for photosynthesis in plants .**热带**太阳为植物的光合作用提供了丰富的温暖和能量。

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horizon

[名词]

the line where the sky and earth seem to come in contact with each other

地平线

Ex: The sunset painted the horizon with hues of pink and orange .日落用粉色和橙色的色调描绘了**地平线**。

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equator

[名词]

a hypothetical line around the Earth that divides it into Northern and Southern hemispheres

赤道, 赤道线

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peninsula

[名词]

a large body of land that is partially surrounded by water but is attached to a larger area of land

半岛, 几乎岛

Ex: The Arabian Peninsula is a vast desert region rich in oil and cultural history, bordered by several bodies of water, including the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf.阿拉伯半岛是一个广阔的沙漠地区，富含石油和文化历史，濒临多个水域，包括红海和波斯湾。

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highland

[名词]

land with mountains or hills

高地, 山区

Ex: Highlands are often characterized by their cooler climates and unique flora and fauna adapted to higher elevations.**高地**通常以较凉爽的气候和适应较高海拔的独特动植物为特征。

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inland

[形容词]

located away from the coast

内陆的, 远离海岸的

Ex: The inland plains are ideal for agriculture due to fertile soil .由于土壤肥沃，**内陆**平原非常适合农业。

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hilly

[形容词]

having many hills

多山的, 崎岖的

Ex: The hilly roads can be dangerous during the rainy season .在雨季，**多山的**道路可能会很危险。

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terrain

[名词]

an area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features

地形, 风景

Ex: Farmers adapted their cultivation techniques to suit the varying terrain of their land , employing terracing on slopes and irrigation systems in low-lying areas to optimize agricultural productivity .农民调整了他们的耕作技术以适应他们土地的不同**地形**，在斜坡上采用梯田，在低洼地区采用灌溉系统，以优化农业生产力。

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slope

[名词]

a stretch of land forming part of a hill or mountain

斜坡, 山坡

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pole

[名词]

the most northern or most southern points of the earth that are joined by its axis of rotation

极, 北极/南极

Ex: The magnetic poles are not aligned exactly with the geographic poles and can shift due to changes in the Earth 's magnetic field .磁**极**并不完全与地理极点对齐，并且会因地球磁场的变化而发生移动。

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ravine

[名词]

a deep narrow valley with steep sides, usually worn by a stream

峡谷, 深谷

Ex: Geologists study the formation of ravines to understand how water shapes the Earth 's surface over millennia .地质学家研究**峡谷**的形成，以了解水如何在数千年间塑造地球表面。

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branch

[名词]

a smaller part of a river that is separated from the main and larger part

支流, 分流

Ex: The bridge spanned the branch of the river , providing a scenic view of the surrounding landscape .这座桥横跨河流的**支流**，提供了周围风景如画的景色。

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current

[名词]

the flow or movement of water or a liquid in a specific direction

水流, 潮流

Ex: The warm ocean current influences the coastal climate, making winters milder.温暖的海洋**洋流**影响沿海气候，使冬天更加温和。

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tide

[名词]

the rise and fall of the sea level, which happens regularly, as a result of the attraction of the sun and moon

潮汐

Ex: Tidal energy , generated from the movement of the tide, is a renewable source of power in some coastal regions .潮汐能，由**潮汐**运动产生，是一些沿海地区的可再生能源。

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gulf

[名词]

an area of sea that is partly surrounded by land, with a narrow opening

海湾, 湾

Ex: The boat was anchored in a quiet gulf.船停泊在一个安静的**海湾**里。

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coastal

[形容词]

related to or situated along the coast, the area where land meets the sea

沿海的, 海岸的

Ex: Coastal communities often rely on fishing and tourism for economic livelihood .**沿海**社区往往依赖渔业和旅游业来维持经济生计。

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crater

[名词]

the round top of a volcano

火山口

Ex: The volcanic crater was filled with lava that glowed orange at night.火山**口**充满了夜晚发出橙色光芒的熔岩。

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lava

[名词]

a substance from the inner layers of the earth which is erupted out of a volcanic mountain

熔岩

Ex: Scientists study lava samples to understand the composition of the Earth 's interior .科学家研究**熔岩**样本以了解地球内部的组成。

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iceberg

[名词]

a very large floating piece of ice

冰山, 浮冰

Ex: The expedition team carefully navigated their ship around the towering iceberg.探险队小心翼翼地驾驶他们的船绕过高耸的**冰山**。

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glacier

[名词]

a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

冰川, 永久冰

Ex: The farm uses renewable energy to power its operations.农场使用可再生能源为其运营提供动力。

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canyon

[名词]

a valley that is deep and has very steep sides, through which a river is flowing usually

峡谷, 深谷

Ex: They set up camp near the bottom of the canyon.他们在**峡谷**底部附近搭起了营地。

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reef

[名词]

a ridge of rock or a line of sand near the surface of a body of water

礁, 珊瑚礁

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coral reef

[名词]

a natural underwater structure formed by coral

珊瑚礁, 珊瑚礁群

Ex: Coral reefs are often called the rainforests of the sea .**珊瑚礁**常被称为海洋的热带雨林。

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pond

[名词]

an area containing still water that is comparatively smaller than a lake, particularly one that is made artificially

池塘, 水池

Ex: In winter , the pond froze over , allowing people to enjoy ice skating and other activities on its surface .冬天，**池塘**结冰了，人们可以在其表面上享受滑冰和其他活动。

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marine

[形容词]

related to the sea and the different life forms that exist there

海洋的

Ex: Marine biology focuses on studying the organisms and environments of the ocean .**海洋**生物学专注于研究海洋中的生物和环境。

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peak

[名词]

the pointed top of a mountain

顶峰, 山峰

Ex: The mountain 's peak was often shrouded in clouds , giving it a mysterious appearance .山的**顶峰**常常被云层笼罩，给人一种神秘的外观。