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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - Geography

Here you will learn some English words about geography, such as "tropic", "hilly", "slope", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
geology
[noun]

a field of science that studies the structure of the earth and its history

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one of the two halves of the Earth, separated by the equator or a meridian

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altitude
[noun]

the distance between an object or point and sea level

Ex: Meteorologists altitude variations to understand atmospheric pressure changes .
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longitude
[noun]

the distance of a point east or west of the meridian at Greenwich that is measured in degrees

Ex: Geographic information systems ( GIS ) longitude and latitude coordinates for mapping .
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tropical
[Adjective]

associated with or characteristic of the tropics, regions of the Earth near the equator known for their warm climate and lush vegetation

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horizon
[noun]

the line where the sky and earth seem to come in contact with each other

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peninsula
[noun]

a large body of land that is partially surrounded by water but is attached to a larger area of land

Ex: The Scandinavian Peninsula is one of the peninsulas in Europe , comprising Norway and Sweden .
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highland
[noun]

land with mountains or hills

Ex: The Tibetan Plateau is known as the " Roof of the World , " a highland with towering peaks and expansive plateaus .
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inland
[Adjective]

located away from the coast

Ex: inland plains are ideal for agriculture due to fertile soil .
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hilly
[Adjective]

having many hills

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terrain
[noun]

an area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features

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pole
[noun]

the most northern or most southern points of the earth that are joined by its axis of rotation

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ravine
[noun]

a deep narrow valley with steep sides, usually worn by a stream

Ex: Geologists study the formation ravines to understand how water shapes the Earth 's surface over millennia .
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branch
[noun]

a smaller part of a river that is separated from the main and larger part

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current
[noun]

the flow or movement of water or a liquid in a specific direction

Ex: Fish often migrate by riding the current of the stream .
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tide
[noun]

the rise and fall of the sea level, which happens regularly, as a result of the attraction of the sun and moon

Ex: Tidal energy , generated from the movement of tide, is a renewable source of power in some coastal regions .
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gulf
[noun]

an area of sea that is partly surrounded by land, with a narrow opening

Ex: The boat was anchored in a gulf.
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coastal
[Adjective]

related to or situated along the coast, the area where land meets the sea

Ex: Coastal communities often rely on fishing and tourism for economic livelihood .
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crater
[noun]

the round top of a volcano

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lava
[noun]

a substance from the inner layers of the earth which is erupted out of a volcanic mountain

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iceberg
[noun]

a very large floating piece of ice

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glacier
[noun]

a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

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canyon
[noun]

a valley that is deep and has very steep sides, through which a river is flowing usually

Ex: They set up camp near the bottom of canyon.
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a natural underwater structure formed by coral

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pond
[noun]

an area containing still water that is comparatively smaller than a lake, particularly one that is made artificially

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marine
[Adjective]

related to the sea and the different life forms that exist there

Ex: Marine biology focuses on studying the organisms and environments of the ocean .
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peak
[noun]

the pointed top of a mountain

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