المفردات الضرورية للاختبار TOEFL - Geography

a field of science that studies the structure of the earth and its history

علم الجيولوجيا

one half of the earth divided by the equator

نصف الكرة

the distance between an object or point and sea level

ارتفاع

the distance of a point north or south of the equator that is measured in degrees

خط العرض

relating to or characteristic of any continent

قاري, متعلق بالقارة

the distance of a point east or west of the meridian at Greenwich that is measured in degrees

خط الطول

each of the two parallel and imaginary lines around the earth that is 23°26ʹ south or north of the equator

خط الاستواء, خط الاستواء (خط وهمي)

associated with or characteristic of the tropics, regions of the Earth near the equator known for their warm climate and lush vegetation

استوائي, استوائية

the line where the sky and earth seem to come in contact with each other

أفق

a hypothetical line around the Earth that divides it into Northern and Southern hemispheres

خط الاستواء

a large body of land that is partially surrounded by water but is attached to a larger area of land

شبه جزيرة, كُفْر

land with mountains or hills

المرتفعات, الجبال

located away from the coast

داخل البلاد, بعيدا عن الساحل

having many hills

تَلَّة, جبلي

an area of land, particularly in reference to its physical or natural features

Terrain, تضاريس

a stretch of land forming part of a hill or mountain

منحدر, تدرج

the most northern or most southern points of the earth that are joined by its axis of rotation

قطب, القطب الجغرافي

a deep narrow valley with steep sides, usually worn by a stream

وادي, مضيق

a smaller part of a river that is separated from the main and larger part

روافد, فرع

the flow or movement of water or a liquid in a specific direction

تيار

the rise and fall of the sea level, which happens regularly, as a result of the attraction of the sun and moon

مد والجزر, موج البحر

an area of sea that is partly surrounded by land, with a narrow opening

خليج, مضيق

related to or situated along the coast, the area where land meets the sea

ساحلي, مرتبط بالساحل

the round top of a volcano

فوهة البركان

a substance from the inner layers of the earth which is erupted out of a volcanic mountain

حمم بركانية

a very large floating piece of ice

جبال جليدية

a large mass of ice that forms over long periods of time, especially in polar regions or high mountains

جليد

a valley that is deep and has very steep sides, through which a river is flowing usually

وادي, خانق

a ridge of rock or a line of sand near the surface of a body of water

الشعاب المرجانية, حاجز صخري

a natural underwater structure formed by coral

حيد مرجاني

an area containing still water that is comparatively smaller than a lake, particularly one that is made artificially

بركة, مستنقع

related to the sea and the different life forms that exist there

بحري, مائي

the pointed top of a mountain

قمة, ذروة