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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - The Environment and Weather

Here you will learn some English words about the environment and weather, such as "ecology", "refine", "toxic", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
ecosystem

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

[noun]
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ecology

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

[noun]
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sanctuary

an area for birds and animals to live and to be protected from dangerous conditions and being hunted

[noun]
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green belt

a strip of open land around a city where construction is prohibited in order to protect the environment

[noun]
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reserve

an area in which animals, etc. are protected

[noun]
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environmentalism

provision of care for the environment

[noun]
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fossil fuel

a fuel that is found in nature and obtained from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago, such as coal and gas

[noun]
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alternative fuel

any fuel that can be used instead of fossil fuels

[noun]
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sustainable

using natural resources in a way that causes no harm to the environment

[Adjective]
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zero-emission

(of a vehicle) not producing gases harmful to the environment

[Adjective]
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environmentally friendly

referring to actions, products, or practices that aim to preserve or protect the natural environment

[Adjective]
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biodegradable

(of an object) able to be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria, which is then safe for the environment

[Adjective]
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eco-friendly

referring to products, actions, or practices that are designed to cause minimal harm to the environment

[Adjective]
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to refine

to remove unwanted or harmful substances from another substance

[Verb]
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preservation

the action of keeping something the way it is or in good condition

[noun]
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nonrenewable

(of a natural resource or source of energy) existing in limited amounts and not replaceable after being used

[Adjective]
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conservation

the protection of the natural environment and resources from wasteful human activities

[noun]
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acid rain

rain containing a great deal of acidic chemicals, caused by air pollution, which can harm the environment

[noun]
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carbon footprint

the amount of carbon dioxide that an organization or person releases into the atmosphere

[noun]
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climate change

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

[noun]
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wildfire

a large fire that spreads fast and causes much destruction

[noun]
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tsunami

a very high wave or series of waves caused by an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption

[noun]
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toxic

consisting of poisonous substances

[Adjective]
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pollutant

any substance that is harmful to the environment

[noun]
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greenhouse effect

a global problem that is caused by the increase of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide which results in gradual warming of the earth

[noun]
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smog

a combination of smoke and fog that is considered a form of air pollution

[noun]
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ozone layer

a layer of gases in the earth's atmosphere that does not let the sun's ultraviolet radiation pass through

[noun]
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eruption

the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain

[noun]
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deforestation

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

[noun]
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to contaminate

to make a place, substance, etc. dirty or harmful by adding dangerous material

[Verb]
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consumption

the action or process of using a resource such as energy or food

[noun]
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blizzard

a storm with heavy snowfall and strong winds

[noun]
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Fahrenheit

related to or using a temperature scale on which water boils at 212° and freezes at 32°

[Adjective]
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centigrade

related to or using a temperature scale on which water boils at 100° and freezes at 0°

[Adjective]
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humid

(of the climate) having a lot of moisture in the air, causing an uncomfortable and sticky feeling

[Adjective]
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monsoon

a period in the summer during which wind blows and rain falls in India or other hot South Asian countries

[noun]
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thunder

the loud crackling noise that is heard from the sky during a storm

[noun]
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