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Fejlett Szókincs a TOEFL-hez - Matematika és Mérés

Itt megtanul néhány angol szót a matematikáról és a mérésről, például "amper", "hertz", "lóerő" stb., amelyek szükségesek a TOEFL vizsgához.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
watt
watt
[Főnév]

the standard unit for measuring electrical power corresponding to the rate of energy consumption in an electric circuit, equal to one joule per second

watt, watt

watt, watt

volt
volt
[Főnév]

the standard unit of electromotive force, which measures the strength of an electrical current that is sent around an electrical system

volt, feszültség

volt, feszültség

rpm
rpm
[Főnév]

a unit for measuring the speed of an engine, a computer hard drive, etc.

fordulat per perc, f/perc

fordulat per perc, f/perc

karat
karat
[Főnév]

a unit to measure the purity of gold, the purest gold being 24 karats

karát, az arany tisztaságának mértékegysége

karát, az arany tisztaságának mértékegysége

Ex: The jeweler confirmed that the necklace was made of 18 karat gold, which is 75% pure gold mixed with other metals for added strength. 
fluid ounce
fluid ounce
[Főnév]

a unit of volume used in the United States to measure liquids, equal to approximately 29.5735 milliliters

folyadék uncia, fluid uncia

folyadék uncia, fluid uncia

hertz
hertz
[Főnév]

a unit that is used in measurement of the frequency of sound and radio waves

hertz

hertz

horsepower
horsepower
[Főnév]

a unit for measuring an engine's power

lóerő, LE

lóerő, LE

Ex: Horsepower is a unit of power used to measure the rate at which work is done. 
pint
pint
[Főnév]

a measure equal to 16 fluid ounces, often used for measuring liquids such as beer or milk

pint, korsó

pint, korsó

Ex: I'll have a pint of beer, please. 
cube
cube
[Főnév]

the result of multiplying a number by itself three times

kocka, harmadik hatvány

kocka, harmadik hatvány

Ex: The cube of two is eight. 
square
square
[Főnév]

the second exponent of any given number produced when multiplied by itself

négyzet, második hatvány

négyzet, második hatvány

square root
square root
[Főnév]

a number that produces a particular number when multiplied by itself

négyzetgyök, gyök

négyzetgyök, gyök

variable
variable
[Főnév]

(mathematics) a quantity that is capable of assuming different values in a calculation

változó

változó

Ex: In algebra, variables such as x, y, and z represent quantities that can vary or change in value. 
tape measure
tape measure
[Főnév]

a flexible measuring tool consisting of a long strip of metal, cloth, or plastic with measurement markings, used to measure lengths and distances accurately

mérőszalag, centiméter

mérőszalag, centiméter

Ex: The carpenter used a tape measure to determine the length of the wooden board needed for the shelf. 
array
array
[Főnév]

a group of numbers, mathematical symbols or values, arranged in columns and rows

tömb, mátrix

tömb, mátrix

Ex: The program stores values in a two-dimensional array. 
axis
axis
[Főnév]

the central point or line around which an object turns

tengely, forgástengely

tengely, forgástengely

Ex: The Earth spins on its axis once every twenty-four hours. 
calculus
calculus
[Főnév]

the branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals

kalkulus, analízis

kalkulus, analízis

Ex: Calculus is used to find the area under a curve. 
denominator
denominator
[Főnév]

the number below the line in a fraction that shows how many parts the numerator divides into

nevező, osztó

nevező, osztó

numerator
numerator
[Főnév]

Fractional number above the line

számláló, a vonal feletti szám

számláló, a vonal feletti szám

common denominator

(mathematics) a number divisible by all the numbers that are below the line in a set of fractions

közös nevező, nevező közös

közös nevező, nevező közös

chaos theory
chaos theory
[Főnév]

(mathematics) an interdisciplinary theory about complex systems that obey particular laws but appear to have little or no order

káoszelmélet, a káoszelmélet

káoszelmélet, a káoszelmélet

Ex: Chaos theory explains how small changes can lead to huge differences in complex systems. 
game theory
game theory
[Főnév]

a branch of mathematics that studies the strategies of dealing with competitive situations involving conflict of interests, especially in business, war, etc.

játékelmélet, játék elmélet

játékelmélet, játék elmélet

Ex: Game theory helps businesses decide on the best pricing strategies. 
coordinate
coordinate
[Főnév]

any set of numbers that represents an exact position on a map or graph

koordináta, földrajzi koordináták

koordináta, földrajzi koordináták

Ex: The GPS coordinates 35.6895° N, 139.6917° E lead to Tokyo. 
gradient
gradient
[Főnév]

the rate at which a quantity or dimension changes over a given distance or interval

gradiens, lejtő

gradiens, lejtő

Ex: The gradient of the river’s flow affects its speed. 
prime number
prime number
[Főnév]

a number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1

prímszám

prímszám

Ex: 7 is a prime number because its only divisors are 1 and 7. 
cardinal number

a number indicating the quantity and not order

tőszám, kardinális szám

tőszám, kardinális szám

irrational number

a number incapable of being expressed as a ratio of two integers

irracionális szám, aránytalan szám

irracionális szám, aránytalan szám

Ex: The square root of 2 is an irrational number. 
rational number

a number that can be written as a fraction, where both the top and bottom are whole numbers, and the bottom is not zero

racionális szám, racionális tört

racionális szám, racionális tört

Ex: 3/4 is a rational number because it can be written as a fraction of two integers. 
mean
mean
[Főnév]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

átlag, számtani átlag

átlag, számtani átlag

Ex: To find the mean of 4, 6, and 8, add them together and divide by 3. 
perimeter
perimeter
[Főnév]

the total length of the external boundary of something

kerület

kerület

Ex: The geometry student calculated the perimeter of the rectangular garden to determine how much fencing would be needed. 
tangent
tangent
[Főnév]

(mathematics) the ratio of the opposite to the adjacent side of a triangle that has one angle of 90°

tangens, érintő

tangens, érintő

Ex: If the tangent of an angle is 1, it means the height and base of our triangle are the same. 
sine
sine
[Főnév]

(mathematics) the ratio of the length of the side opposite the given angle to the length of the hypotenuse

szinusz

szinusz

cosine
cosine
[Főnév]

(mathematics) the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse

koszinusz, koszinusz

koszinusz, koszinusz

cotangent
cotangent
[Főnév]

the ratio of the side adjacent to a particular acute angle to the side opposite the angle, in a right-angled triangle

kotangens

kotangens

foot per second

a unit of measurement used to determine the speed or velocity of something

láb másodpercenként, láb/másodperc

láb másodpercenként, láb/másodperc

ampere
ampere
[Főnév]

the unit of electric current, symbolized as "A" in the International System of Units

amper, amper

amper, amper

Ex: The circuit was designed to handle a maximum current of 10 amperes to ensure safety. 
kilometers per hour

a unit of measurement used to express speed or velocity in the metric system, representing the distance traveled in kilometers over the course of one hour

kilométer per óra, km/h

kilométer per óra, km/h

Ex: The car was traveling at 100 km/h. 
centiliter
centiliter
[Főnév]

a metric unit equal to 1/100th of a liter

centiliter

centiliter

Ex: Students had to weigh and record the volume of 10 centilitres of water for a science experiment. 
degree Celsius

a temperature scale where 0°C represents the freezing point and 100°C represents the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure

Celsius-fok

Celsius-fok

Ex: Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius. 
pound
pound
[Főnév]

a unit for measuring weight equal to 16 ounces or 0.454 kilograms

font

font

Ex: She bought a pound of coffee beans to grind fresh for her morning cup of coffee. 
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