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Προχωρημένο Λεξιλόγιο για το TOEFL - Μαθηματικά και Μέτρηση

Εδώ θα μάθετε μερικές αγγλικές λέξεις για τα μαθηματικά και τη μέτρηση, όπως «amp», «hertz», «horsepower» κ.λπ. που χρειάζονται για τις εξετάσεις TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
watt

the standard unit for measuring electrical power corresponding to the rate of energy consumption in an electric circuit, equal to one joule per second

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volt

the standard unit of electromotive force, which measures the strength of an electrical current that is sent around an electrical system

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rpm

a unit for measuring the speed of an engine, a computer hard drive, etc.

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karat

a unit to measure the purity of gold, the purest gold being 24 karats

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fluid ounce

a unit of volume used in the United States to measure liquids, equal to approximately 29.5735 milliliters

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hertz

a unit that is used in measurement of the frequency of sound and radio waves

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horsepower

a unit for measuring an engine's power

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pint

a measure equal to 16 fluid ounces, often used for measuring liquids such as beer or milk

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cube

the number that is the result of a number multiplied by itself three times

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square

the second exponent of any given number produced when multiplied by itself

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square root

a number that produces a particular number when multiplied by itself

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variable

(mathematics) a quantity that is capable of assuming different values in a calculation

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tape measure

a flexible measuring tool consisting of a long strip of metal, cloth, or plastic with measurement markings, used to measure lengths and distances accurately

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array

a group of numbers, mathematical symbols or values, arranged in columns and rows

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axis

a real or imaginary line about which an object rotates

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calculus

the branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals

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denominator

the number below the line in a fraction that shows how many parts the numerator divides into

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numerator

Fractional number above the line

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common denominator

(mathematics) a number divisible by all the numbers that are below the line in a set of fractions

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chaos theory

(mathematics) an interdisciplinary theory about complex systems that obey particular laws but appear to have little or no order

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game theory

a branch of mathematics that studies the strategies of dealing with competitive situations involving conflict of interests, especially in business, war, etc.

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coordinate

any set of numbers that represent an exact position on a map or graph

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gradient

the rate at which a quantity or dimension changes over a given distance or interval

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prime number

a number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1

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cardinal number

a number indicating the quantity and not order

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irrational number

a number incapable of being expressed as a ratio of two integers

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rational number

a number that can be expressed as the fraction of two integers

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mean

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

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perimeter

the total length of the external boundary of something

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tangent

(mathematics) the ratio of the opposite to the adjacent side of a triangle that has one angle of 90°

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sine

(mathematics) the ratio of the length of the side opposite the given angle to the length of the hypotenuse

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cosine

(mathematics) the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse

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cotangent

the ratio of the side adjacent to a particular acute angle to the side opposite the angle, in a right-angled triangle

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foot per second

a unit of measurement used to determine the speed or velocity of something

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ampere

the unit of electric current, symbolized as "A" in the International System of Units (SI)

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kilometers per hour

a unit of measurement used to express speed or velocity in the metric system, representing the distance traveled in kilometers over the course of one hour

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centiliter

a metric unit equal to 1/100th of a liter

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degree Celsius

a temperature scale where 0°C represents the freezing point and 100°C represents the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure

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pound

a unit for measuring weight equal to 16 ounces or 0.454 kilograms

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