watt
[noun]
the standard unit for measuring electrical power corresponding to the rate of energy consumption in an electric circuit, equal to one joule per second
Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Mathematics and Measurement
Here you will learn some English words about mathematics and measurement, such as "amp", "hertz", "horsepower", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.
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volt
[noun]
the standard unit of electromotive force, which measures the strength of an electrical current that is sent around an electrical system
karat
[noun]
a unit to measure the purity of gold, the purest gold being 24 karats
Ex:
When
purchasing
a
wedding band
,
they
decided on
a
14
karat
gold
ring
,
finding
it
more
durable
for
everyday
wear
due to
its
alloy
composition
.
fluid ounce
[noun]
a unit of volume used in the United States to measure liquids, equal to approximately 29.5735 milliliters
horsepower
[noun]
a unit for measuring an engine's power
Ex:
One
mechanical
horsepower
is
equivalent
to
550
foot-pounds
per
second
,
or
approximately
745.7
watts
.
pint
[noun]
a measure equal to 16 fluid ounces, often used for measuring liquids such as beer or milk
Ex:
The
bartender
poured
a
pint
of
stout
into
the
glass
.
variable
[noun]
(mathematics) a quantity that is capable of assuming different values in a calculation
Ex:
Scientists
use
variables
to
model
complex
systems
and
analyze
how
different
factors
affect
outcomes
.
tape measure
[noun]
a flexible measuring tool consisting of a long strip of metal, cloth, or plastic with measurement markings, used to measure lengths and distances accurately
Ex:
The
tailor
used
a
tape measure
to
take
precise
measurements
for
the
custom-made
suit
.
array
[noun]
a group of numbers, mathematical symbols or values, arranged in columns and rows
Ex:
The
scientist
analyzed
an
array
of
temperature
readings
.
axis
[noun]
the central point or line around which an object turns
Ex:
The
planet
's
tilt
on
its
axis
causes
the
seasons
.
calculus
[noun]
the branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals
Ex:
Calculus
helps
in
solving
problems
involving
motion
and
growth
.
denominator
[noun]
the number below the line in a fraction that shows how many parts the numerator divides into
common denominator
[noun]
(mathematics) a number divisible by all the numbers that are below the line in a set of fractions
chaos theory
[noun]
(mathematics) an interdisciplinary theory about complex systems that obey particular laws but appear to have little or no order
Ex:
In
chaos theory
,
even
simple
systems
can
behave
in
complex
and
unpredictable
ways
.
game theory
[noun]
a branch of mathematics that studies the strategies of dealing with competitive situations involving conflict of interests, especially in business, war, etc.
Ex:
Game theory
can
help
in
strategic
planning
for
sports
teams
.
gradient
[noun]
the rate at which a quantity or dimension changes over a given distance or interval
Ex:
The
slope
of
the
curve
represents
the
gradient
of
the
function
.
prime number
[noun]
a number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1
Ex:
The
number
15
is
not
a
prime number
(
divisible
by
3
and
5
)
.
irrational number
[noun]
a number incapable of being expressed as a ratio of two integers
Ex:
Irrational numbers
can
not
be
written
as
simple fractions
.
rational number
[noun]
a number that can be written as a fraction, where both the top and bottom are whole numbers, and the bottom is not zero
Ex:
2/3
is
a
rational number
since
it
represents
the
division
of
two
integers
,
-2
and
3
,
and
the
result
is
a
finite
value
.
mean
[noun]
(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities
Ex:
In
the
data
set
{
2
,
4
,
6
,
8
}
,
the
mean
is
5
.
perimeter
[noun]
the total length of the external boundary of something
Ex:
The
farmer
used
a
long measuring
tape
to
determine
the
perimeter
of
his
rectangular
cornfield
before
installing
a
new
fence
.
tangent
[noun]
(mathematics) the ratio of the opposite to the adjacent side of a triangle that has one angle of 90°
Ex:
If
the
tangent
of
an
angle
is
1
,
it
means
the
height
and
base
of
our
triangle
are
the
same
.
sine
[noun]
(mathematics) the ratio of the length of the side opposite the given angle to the length of the hypotenuse
cotangent
[noun]
the ratio of the side adjacent to a particular acute angle to the side opposite the angle, in a right-angled triangle
ampere
[noun]
the unit of electric current, symbolized as "A" in the International System of Units
Ex:
The
household
wiring
is
capable
of
carrying
a
certain
number
of
amperes
,
preventing
overloads
.
kilometers per hour
[noun]
a unit of measurement used to express speed or velocity in the metric system, representing the distance traveled in kilometers over the course of one hour
Ex:
centiliter
[noun]
a metric unit equal to 1/100th of a liter
Ex:
We
calibrated
the
new
pipettes
by
transferring
known
volumes
of
5
,
10
and
25
centiliters
of
distilled water
.
degree Celsius
[noun]
a temperature scale where 0°C represents the freezing point and 100°C represents the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure
Ex:
pound
[noun]
a unit for measuring weight equal to 16 ounces or 0.454 kilograms
Ex:
The
recipe
called for
two
pounds
of
flour
to
make
a
large
batch
of
bread
.