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Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Matemáticas y Medición

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre matemáticas y medición, como "amp", "hertz", "horsepower", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

Revisión

Tarjetas de memoria

Ortografía

Cuestionario

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
watt
watt
[Sustantivo]

the standard unit for measuring electrical power corresponding to the rate of energy consumption in an electric circuit, equal to one joule per second

vatio

vatio

volt
volt
[Sustantivo]

the standard unit of electromotive force, which measures the strength of an electrical current that is sent around an electrical system

voltio

voltio

rpm
rpm
[Sustantivo]

a unit for measuring the speed of an engine, a computer hard drive, etc.

r.p.m.

r.p.m.

karat
karat
[Sustantivo]

a unit to measure the purity of gold, the purest gold being 24 karats

quilate

quilate

Ex: When purchasing a wedding band, they decided on a 14 karat gold ring, finding it more durable for everyday wear due to its alloy composition. 

Al comprar un anillo de boda, decidieron por un anillo de oro de 14 quilates, considerándolo más duradero para el uso diario debido a su composición de aleación.

fluid ounce
fluid ounce
[Sustantivo]

a unit of volume used in the United States to measure liquids, equal to approximately 29.5735 milliliters

onza líquida estadounidense

onza líquida estadounidense

hertz
hertz
[Sustantivo]

a unit that is used in measurement of the frequency of sound and radio waves

hertz

hertz

horsepower
horsepower
[Sustantivo]

a unit for measuring an engine's power

caballo de fuerza

caballo de fuerza

Ex: One mechanical horsepower is equivalent to 550 foot-pounds per second, or approximately 745.7 watts. 

Un caballo de fuerza mecánico equivale a 550 libras-pie por segundo, o aproximadamente 745,7 vatios.

pint
pint
[Sustantivo]

a measure equal to 16 fluid ounces, often used for measuring liquids such as beer or milk

pinta

pinta

Ex: The bartender poured a pint of stout into the glass. 

El bartender sirvió una pinta de stout en el vaso.

cube
cube
[Sustantivo]

the result of multiplying a number by itself three times

raíz cúbica

raíz cúbica

Ex: She graphed the cube function on the coordinate plane. 

Ella graficó la función cúbica en el plano de coordenadas.

square
square
[Sustantivo]

the second exponent of any given number produced when multiplied by itself

cuadrado

cuadrado

square root
square root
[Sustantivo]

a number that produces a particular number when multiplied by itself

raíz cuadrada

raíz cuadrada

variable
variable
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) a quantity that is capable of assuming different values in a calculation

variable

variable

Ex: Scientists use variables to model complex systems and analyze how different factors affect outcomes. 

Los científicos utilizan variables para modelar sistemas complejos y analizar cómo diferentes factores afectan los resultados.

tape measure
tape measure
[Sustantivo]

a flexible measuring tool consisting of a long strip of metal, cloth, or plastic with measurement markings, used to measure lengths and distances accurately

cinta métrica

cinta métrica

Ex: The tailor used a tape measure to take precise measurements for the custom-made suit. 

El sastre usó una cinta métrica para tomar medidas precisas para el traje a medida.

array
array
[Sustantivo]

a group of numbers, mathematical symbols or values, arranged in columns and rows

matriz

matriz

Ex: The scientist analyzed an array of temperature readings. 

El científico analizó un arreglo de lecturas de temperatura.

axis
axis
[Sustantivo]

the central point or line around which an object turns

axis

axis

Ex: The planet's tilt on its axis causes the seasons. 

La inclinación del planeta sobre su eje provoca las estaciones.

calculus
calculus
[Sustantivo]

the branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals

cálculo

cálculo

Ex: Calculus helps in solving problems involving motion and growth. 

El cálculo ayuda a resolver problemas que involucran movimiento y crecimiento.

denominator
denominator
[Sustantivo]

the number below the line in a fraction that shows how many parts the numerator divides into

denominador

denominador

numerator
numerator
[Sustantivo]

Fractional number above the line

numerador, número encima de la línea

numerador, número encima de la línea

common denominator
common denominator
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) a number divisible by all the numbers that are below the line in a set of fractions

común denominador

común denominador

Ex: She converted both fractions to have a common denominator before subtracting them. 
chaos theory
chaos theory
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) an interdisciplinary theory about complex systems that obey particular laws but appear to have little or no order

teoría del caos

teoría del caos

Ex: In chaos theory, even simple systems can behave in complex and unpredictable ways. 

En la teoría del caos, incluso los sistemas simples pueden comportarse de manera compleja e impredecible.

game theory
game theory
[Sustantivo]

a branch of mathematics that studies the strategies of dealing with competitive situations involving conflict of interests, especially in business, war, etc.

teoría de los juegos

teoría de los juegos

Ex: Game theory can help in strategic planning for sports teams. 

La teoría de juegos puede ayudar en la planificación estratégica para equipos deportivos.

coordinate
coordinate
[Sustantivo]

any set of numbers that represents an exact position on a map or graph

coordenadas

coordenadas

Ex: The treasure map listed cryptic coordinates for the island. 

El mapa del tesoro enumeraba coordenadas crípticas para la isla.

gradient
gradient
[Sustantivo]

the rate at which a quantity or dimension changes over a given distance or interval

gradiente

gradiente

Ex: The slope of the curve represents the gradient of the function. 

La pendiente de la curva representa el gradiente de la función.

prime number
prime number
[Sustantivo]

a number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1

número primo

número primo

Ex: The number 15 is not a prime number (divisible by 3 and 5). 

El número 15 no es un número primo (divisible por 3 y 5).

cardinal number
cardinal number
[Sustantivo]

a number indicating the quantity and not order

número cardinal

número cardinal

irrational number
irrational number
[Sustantivo]

a number incapable of being expressed as a ratio of two integers

número irracional

número irracional

Ex: Irrational numbers cannot be written as simple fractions. 

Los números irracionales no pueden escribirse como fracciones simples.

rational number
rational number
[Sustantivo]

a number that can be written as a fraction, where both the top and bottom are whole numbers, and the bottom is not zero

número racional

número racional

Ex: 2/3 is a rational number since it represents the division of two integers, -2 and 3, and the result is a finite value. 

2/3 es un número racional ya que representa la división de dos enteros, -2 y 3, y el resultado es un valor finito.

mean
mean
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

medio

medio

Ex: In the data set {2, 4, 6, 8}, the mean is 5. 

En el conjunto de datos {2, 4, 6, 8}, la media es 5.

perimeter
perimeter
[Sustantivo]

the total length of the external boundary of something

perímetro

perímetro

Ex: The farmer used a long measuring tape to determine the perimeter of his rectangular cornfield before installing a new fence. 

El agricultor usó una cinta métrica larga para determinar el perímetro de su campo de maíz rectangular antes de instalar una nueva cerca.

tangent
tangent
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) the ratio of the opposite to the adjacent side of a triangle that has one angle of 90°

tangente

tangente

Ex: If the tangent of an angle is 1, it means the height and base of our triangle are the same. 

Si la tangente de un ángulo es 1, significa que la altura y la base de nuestro triángulo son iguales.

sine
sine
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) the ratio of the length of the side opposite the given angle to the length of the hypotenuse

seno

seno

cosine
cosine
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse

coseno

coseno

cotangent
cotangent
[Sustantivo]

the ratio of the side adjacent to a particular acute angle to the side opposite the angle, in a right-angled triangle

cotangente

cotangente

foot per second
foot per second
[Sustantivo]

a unit of measurement used to determine the speed or velocity of something

pies por segundo

pies por segundo

ampere
ampere
[Sustantivo]

the unit of electric current, symbolized as "A" in the International System of Units

amperio

amperio

Ex: The household wiring is capable of carrying a certain number of amperes, preventing overloads. 

El cableado doméstico es capaz de transportar un cierto número de amperios, evitando sobrecargas.

kilometers per hour

a unit of measurement used to express speed or velocity in the metric system, representing the distance traveled in kilometers over the course of one hour

kilómetros por hora, km/h

kilómetros por hora, km/h

Ex: The wind speed reached 80 kmph during the storm. 

La velocidad del viento alcanzó los 80 kilómetros por hora durante la tormenta.

centiliter
centiliter
[Sustantivo]

a metric unit equal to 1/100th of a liter

centilitro

centilitro

Ex: We calibrated the new pipettes by transferring known volumes of 5, 10 and 25 centiliters of distilled water. 

Calibramos las nuevas pipetas transfiriendo volúmenes conocidos de 5, 10 y 25 centilitros de agua destilada.

degree Celsius
degree Celsius
[Sustantivo]

a temperature scale where 0°C represents the freezing point and 100°C represents the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure

grado Celsius

grado Celsius

Ex: Cooking instructions often specify temperatures in degrees Celsius. 

Las instrucciones de cocina a menudo especifican temperaturas en grados Celsius.

pound
pound
[Sustantivo]

a unit for measuring weight equal to 16 ounces or 0.454 kilograms

libra

libra

Ex: The recipe called for two pounds of flour to make a large batch of bread. 

La receta requería dos libras de harina para hacer una gran hornada de pan.

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