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Avancerat Ordförråd för TOEFL - Matematik och Mätning

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord om matematik och mätning, såsom "ampere", "hertz", "hästkrafter" etc., som behövs för TOEFL-provet.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
watt
watt
[Substantiv]

(physics) the unit used to measure power, equal to one joule of energy used per second

watt

watt

Ex: The generator produces 5,000 watts of electricity for the construction site. 
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volt
volt
[Substantiv]

(physics) the unit used to measure electrical potential difference, or the force that pushes electric current through a circuit

volt,  volts

volt, volts

Ex: One volt is the amount of force needed to push one ampere of current through one ohm of resistance. 
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rpm
rpm
[Substantiv]

a unit for measuring the speed of an engine, a computer hard drive, etc.

varv per minut, rpm

varv per minut, rpm

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karat
karat
[Substantiv]

a unit to measure the purity of gold, the purest gold being 24 karats

karat, måttenhet för guldets renhet

karat, måttenhet för guldets renhet

Ex: The antique coin collector was thrilled to acquire a rare 24 karat gold coin, valued for its 100% gold purity. 

Den antika myntsamlaren var överlycklig över att förvärva ett sällsynt mynt av 24 karat guld, värderat för dess 100% guldrenhet.

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fluid ounce
fluid ounce
[Substantiv]

a unit of volume used in the United States to measure liquids, equal to approximately 29.5735 milliliters

flytande uns, fluid uns

flytande uns, fluid uns

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hertz
hertz
[Substantiv]

(physics) the unit used to measure frequency, equal to one cycle per second

hertz

hertz

Ex: Her computer processor runs at 3.5 gigahertz, or billions of cycles per second. 
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horsepower
horsepower
[Substantiv]

a unit for measuring an engine's power

hästkraft, hk

hästkraft, hk

Ex: Automobile engines are often rated in horsepower to indicate their performance capabilities. 
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pint
pint
[Substantiv]

a United States unit of liquid volume equal to 16 fluid ounces or about 473 milliliters

pint,  volymmått

pint, volymmått

Ex: This container holds exactly one US pint of liquid. 
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cube
cube
[Substantiv]

the result of multiplying a number by itself three times

kub, tredje potens

kub, tredje potens

Ex: He checked his answer by recalculating the cube. 

Han kontrollerade sitt svar genom att räkna om kuben.

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square
square
[Substantiv]

(mathematics) the product of a number multiplied by itself

kvadrat

kvadrat

Ex: The square of 4 is 16. 
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square root
square root
[Substantiv]

a number that produces a particular number when multiplied by itself

kvadratrot, rot

kvadratrot, rot

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variable
variable
[Substantiv]

(mathematics) a quantity that is capable of assuming different values in a calculation

variabel

variabel

Ex: A variable can take different values in an equation. 
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tape measure
tape measure
[Substantiv]

a flexible measuring tool consisting of a long strip of metal, cloth, or plastic with measurement markings, used to measure lengths and distances accurately

måttband, måttband

måttband, måttband

Ex: He marked the positions on the wall with a pencil based on the measurements from the tape measure. 

Han markerade positionerna på väggen med en penna baserat på mätningarna från måttbandet.

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array
array
[Substantiv]

an arrangement of numbers, symbols, or values in rows, columns, or another systematic pattern

matris,  uppställning

matris, uppställning

Ex: The students used an array to visualize the multiplication problem. 
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axis
axis
[Substantiv]

the central point or line around which an object turns

axel, svängpunkt

axel, svängpunkt

Ex: Every rotating body must have an axis of motion. 

Varje roterande kropp måste ha en axel för rörelse.

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calculus
calculus
[Substantiv]

the branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals

kalkyl, analys

kalkyl, analys

Ex: The integral in calculus helps calculate total quantities from rates. 

Integralen i kalkyl hjälper till att beräkna totala mängder från hastigheter.

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denominator
denominator
[Substantiv]

(mathematics) the bottom number of a fraction, which shows the total number of equal parts the whole is divided into

nämnare

nämnare

Ex: She multiplied the numerator and denominator by 2 to get an equivalent fraction. 
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numerator
numerator
[Substantiv]

(mathematics) the top number of a fraction, which represents how many parts are being considered

täljare, täljare

täljare, täljare

Ex: She forgot to carry the numerator when simplifying the fraction. 
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common denominator
common denominator
[Substantiv]

(mathematics) a shared multiple of the bottom numbers of two or more fractions

gemensam nämnare, minsta gemensamma nämnare

gemensam nämnare, minsta gemensamma nämnare

Ex: Using a common denominator makes it easier to compare which fraction is larger. 
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chaos theory
chaos theory
[Substantiv]

(mathematics) an interdisciplinary theory about complex systems that obey particular laws but appear to have little or no order

kaosteori, chaosteori

kaosteori, chaosteori

Ex: Mathematicians use chaos theory to explore how complex systems can still follow specific laws. 

Matematiker använder kaosteori för att utforska hur komplexa system fortfarande kan följa specifika lagar.

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game theory
game theory
[Substantiv]

a branch of mathematics that studies the strategies of dealing with competitive situations involving conflict of interests, especially in business, war, etc.

spelteori, teori om spel

spelteori, teori om spel

Ex: Military planners use game theory to anticipate opponents' moves. 

Militära planerare använder spelteori för att förutse motståndarens drag.

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coordinate
coordinate
[Substantiv]

any set of numbers that represents an exact position on a map or graph

koordinat, geografiska koordinater

koordinat, geografiska koordinater

Ex: Astronomers use celestial coordinates to locate stars. 
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gradient
gradient
[Substantiv]

the rate at which a quantity or dimension changes over a given distance or interval

gradient, lutning

gradient, lutning

Ex: She calculated the gradient of the soil to design better drainage. 

Hon beräknade gradienten av jorden för att designa en bättre dränering.

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prime number
prime number
[Substantiv]

a number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1

primtal

primtal

Ex: Mathematicians study the distribution of prime numbers among integers. 

Matematiker studerar fördelningen av primtal bland heltal.

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cardinal number
cardinal number
[Substantiv]

a number indicating the quantity and not order

kardinaltal, grundtal

kardinaltal, grundtal

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irrational number
irrational number
[Substantiv]

a number incapable of being expressed as a ratio of two integers

irrationellt tal, inkommensurabelt tal

irrationellt tal, inkommensurabelt tal

Ex: The square root of 3 is an irrational number because it cannot be written as a fraction. 

Kvadratroten ur 3 är ett irrationellt tal eftersom det inte kan skrivas som en bråkdel.

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rational number
rational number
[Substantiv]

a number that can be written as a fraction, where both the top and bottom are whole numbers, and the bottom is not zero

rationellt tal, rationell bråkdel

rationellt tal, rationell bråkdel

Ex: 7/8 is a rational number because it can be expressed as the fraction of two integers. 

7/8 är ett rationellt tal eftersom det kan uttryckas som en kvot av två heltal.

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mean
mean
[Substantiv]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

medelvärde, aritmetiskt medelvärde

medelvärde, aritmetiskt medelvärde

Ex: The mean of the five scores was 82. 
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perimeter
perimeter
[Substantiv]

the total length of the external boundary of something

omkrets

omkrets

Ex: The science project required students to build a model volcano and measure the perimeter of its base for stability analysis. 

Vetenskapsprojektet krävde att eleverna byggde en modell av en vulkan och mätte omkretsen av dess bas för stabilitetsanalys.

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tangent
tangent
[Substantiv]

(mathematics) the ratio of the opposite to the adjacent side of a triangle that has one angle of 90°

tangens, tangenten

tangens, tangenten

Ex: When the sun is setting, you can use the tangent to figure out the angle the sun makes with the horizon. 

När solen går ner kan du använda tangenten för att räkna ut vinkeln som solen gör med horisonten.

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sine
sine
[Substantiv]

(mathematics) the ratio of the length of the side opposite the given angle to the length of the hypotenuse

sinus

sinus

Ex: She used sine to calculate the height of the building from a distance. 
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cosine
cosine
[Substantiv]

(mathematics) the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse

cosinus, cosinus

cosinus, cosinus

Ex: She used cosine to determine the horizontal distance in the triangle. 
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cotangent
cotangent
[Substantiv]

the ratio of the side adjacent to a particular acute angle to the side opposite the angle, in a right-angled triangle

cotangens

cotangens

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foot per second
foot per second
[Substantiv]

a unit of measurement used to determine the speed or velocity of something

fot per sekund, fot/sekund

fot per sekund, fot/sekund

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ampere
ampere
[Substantiv]

the unit of electric current, symbolized as "A" in the International System of Units

ampere, ampere

ampere, ampere

Ex: The electronic device required a power supply with a current rating of 2 amperes for optimal performance. 

Den elektroniska enheten krävde en strömförsörjning med en strömstyrka på 2 ampere för optimal prestanda.

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kilometers per hour

a unit of measurement used to express speed or velocity in the metric system, representing the distance traveled in kilometers over the course of one hour

kilometer i timmen, km/h

kilometer i timmen, km/h

Ex: His bike can go up to 50 kilometers per hour. 

Hans cykel kan nå upp till 50 kilometer i timmen.

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centiliter
centiliter
[Substantiv]

a metric unit equal to 1/100th of a liter

centiliter

centiliter

Ex: We calibrated the new pipettes by transferring known volumes of 5, 10 and 25 centiliters of distilled water. 

Vi kalibrerade de nya pipetterna genom att överföra kända volymer av 5, 10 och 25 centiliter destillerat vatten.

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degree Celsius
degree Celsius
[Substantiv]

a temperature scale where 0°C represents the freezing point and 100°C represents the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure

grad Celsius

grad Celsius

Ex: The weather forecast predicts a high of 25 degrees Celsius tomorrow. 

Väderprognosen förutsäger en högsta temperatur på 25 grader Celsius imorgon.

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pound
pound
[Substantiv]

a unit for measuring weight equal to 16 ounces or 0.454 kilograms

pund

pund

Ex: The baby weighed seven pounds at birth. 
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