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Vocabolario Avanzato per il TOEFL - Matematica e Misurazione

Qui imparerai alcune parole in inglese su matematica e misurazione, come "ampere", "hertz", "cavallo vapore", ecc., necessarie per l'esame TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
watt
watt
[sostantivo]

(physics) the unit used to measure power, equal to one joule of energy used per second

watt

watt

Ex: She checked the watt rating on the appliance to calculate its energy consumption. 
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volt
volt
[sostantivo]

(physics) the unit used to measure electrical potential difference, or the force that pushes electric current through a circuit

volt

volt

Ex: The solar panel generates up to 18 volts under full sunlight. 
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rpm
rpm
[sostantivo]

a unit for measuring the speed of an engine, a computer hard drive, etc.

giri / min

giri / min

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karat
karat
[sostantivo]

a unit to measure the purity of gold, the purest gold being 24 karats

carati

carati

Ex: The appraisal for the vintage watch noted that its case was crafted from 10 karat gold, indicating a gold content of just over 40%. 

La valutazione dell'orologio vintage ha rilevato che la cassa era realizzata in oro 10 carati, indicando un contenuto d'oro di poco superiore al 40%.

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fluid ounce
fluid ounce
[sostantivo]

a unit of volume used in the United States to measure liquids, equal to approximately 29.5735 milliliters

oncia liquida, oncia fluida

oncia liquida, oncia fluida

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hertz
hertz
[sostantivo]

(physics) the unit used to measure frequency, equal to one cycle per second

hertz

hertz

Ex: The hummingbird's wings beat at about 80 hertz during flight. 
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horsepower
horsepower
[sostantivo]

a unit for measuring an engine's power

cavallo-vapore

cavallo-vapore

Ex: The horsepower of an engine affects its acceleration and towing capacity, influencing vehicle performance and utility. 
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pint
pint
[sostantivo]

a United States unit of liquid volume equal to 16 fluid ounces or about 473 milliliters

pinta

pinta

Ex: Add half a pint of water to the mixture. 
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cube
cube
[sostantivo]

the result of multiplying a number by itself three times

cubo

cubo

Ex: The formula required subtracting one cube from another. 

La formula richiedeva di sottrarre un cubo da un altro.

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square
square
[sostantivo]

(mathematics) the product of a number multiplied by itself

quadrato

quadrato

Ex: He memorized the squares of all numbers from 1 to 20. 
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square root
square root
[sostantivo]

a number that produces a particular number when multiplied by itself

radice quadrata

radice quadrata

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variable
variable
[sostantivo]

(mathematics) a quantity that is capable of assuming different values in a calculation

variabile

variabile

Ex: In statistical analysis, variables can be classified as independent or dependent, depending on their role in the study. 
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tape measure
tape measure
[sostantivo]

a flexible measuring tool consisting of a long strip of metal, cloth, or plastic with measurement markings, used to measure lengths and distances accurately

misura di nastro

misura di nastro

Ex: The surveyor used a laser tape measure for accurate distance measurements in the field. 

Il geometra ha utilizzato un metro a nastro laser per misurazioni di distanza precise sul campo.

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array
array
[sostantivo]

an arrangement of numbers, symbols, or values in rows, columns, or another systematic pattern

matrice

matrice

Ex: Michael copied the numerical array into his notebook. 
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axis
axis
[sostantivo]

the central point or line around which an object turns

asse

asse

Ex: The sculpture slowly revolved on its central axis. 

La scultura ruotava lentamente sul suo asse centrale.

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calculus
calculus
[sostantivo]

the branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals

calcolo

calcolo

Ex: Differential equations are a key topic within calculus. 

Le equazioni differenziali sono un argomento chiave nel calcolo.

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denominator
denominator
[sostantivo]

(mathematics) the bottom number of a fraction, which shows the total number of equal parts the whole is divided into

denominatore

denominatore

Ex: A fraction with a denominator of zero is undefined in mathematics. 
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numerator
numerator
[sostantivo]

(mathematics) the top number of a fraction, which represents how many parts are being considered

numeratore

numeratore

Ex: If the numerator is larger than the denominator, the fraction is improper. 
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common denominator
common denominator
[sostantivo]

(mathematics) a shared multiple of the bottom numbers of two or more fractions

denominatore

denominatore

Ex: The common denominator of 1/5 and 2/9 can be found by multiplying 5 and 9 to get 45. 
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chaos theory
chaos theory
[sostantivo]

(mathematics) an interdisciplinary theory about complex systems that obey particular laws but appear to have little or no order

teoria del caos

teoria del caos

Ex: Chaos theory is used to analyze complex systems like ecosystems and population dynamics. 

La teoria del caos viene utilizzata per analizzare sistemi complessi come gli ecosistemi e la dinamica delle popolazioni.

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game theory
game theory
[sostantivo]

a branch of mathematics that studies the strategies of dealing with competitive situations involving conflict of interests, especially in business, war, etc.

teoria dei giochi

teoria dei giochi

Ex: Economists apply game theory to predict market behavior. 

Gli economisti applicano la teoria dei giochi per prevedere il comportamento del mercato.

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coordinate
coordinate
[sostantivo]

any set of numbers that represents an exact position on a map or graph

coordinata

coordinata

Ex: The drone was programmed to fly to specific coordinates. 
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gradient
gradient
[sostantivo]

the rate at which a quantity or dimension changes over a given distance or interval

gradiente

gradiente

Ex: The gradient of the city's elevation was marked on the map. 

Il gradiente dell'elevazione della città era segnato sulla mappa.

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prime number
prime number
[sostantivo]

a number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1

numero primo

numero primo

Ex: The largest known prime number (as of 2023) has over 24 million digits. 

Il più grande numero primo conosciuto (al 2023) ha oltre 24 milioni di cifre.

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cardinal number
cardinal number
[sostantivo]

a number indicating the quantity and not order

numero cardinale

numero cardinale

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irrational number
irrational number
[sostantivo]

a number incapable of being expressed as a ratio of two integers

numero irrazionale

numero irrazionale

Ex: The square root of 2 is an irrational number. 

La radice quadrata di 2 è un numero irrazionale.

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rational number
rational number
[sostantivo]

a number that can be written as a fraction, where both the top and bottom are whole numbers, and the bottom is not zero

numero razionale

numero razionale

Ex: 3/4 is a rational number because it can be written as a fraction of two integers. 

3/4 è un numero razionale perché può essere scritto come una frazione di due interi.

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mean
mean
[sostantivo]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

medio

medio

Ex: The mean of the test results was used to assess overall student achievement. 
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perimeter
perimeter
[sostantivo]

the total length of the external boundary of something

perimetro

perimetro

Ex: The geometry student calculated the perimeter of the rectangular garden to determine how much fencing would be needed. 

Lo studente di geometria ha calcolato il perimetro del giardino rettangolare per determinare quanta recinzione sarebbe necessaria.

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tangent
tangent
[sostantivo]

(mathematics) the ratio of the opposite to the adjacent side of a triangle that has one angle of 90°

tangente

tangente

Ex: If the tangent of an angle is 1, it means the height and base of our triangle are the same. 

Se la tangente di un angolo è 1, significa che l'altezza e la base del nostro triangolo sono uguali.

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sine
sine
[sostantivo]

(mathematics) the ratio of the length of the side opposite the given angle to the length of the hypotenuse

sine

sine

Ex: Sine values range from -1 to 1 for all angles. 
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cosine
cosine
[sostantivo]

(mathematics) the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse

coseno

coseno

Ex: The cosine function is important for modeling periodic motion like sound waves. 
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cotangent
cotangent
[sostantivo]

the ratio of the side adjacent to a particular acute angle to the side opposite the angle, in a right-angled triangle

cotangente

cotangente

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foot per second
foot per second
[sostantivo]

a unit of measurement used to determine the speed or velocity of something

velocità per secondo

velocità per secondo

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ampere
ampere
[sostantivo]

the unit of electric current, symbolized as "A" in the International System of Units

ampere, ampere

ampere, ampere

Ex: The laboratory equipment required a precise current control, and the power supply was set to 1 ampere for accurate experimentation. 

L'attrezzatura di laboratorio richiedeva un controllo preciso della corrente e l'alimentatore era impostato su 1 ampere per una sperimentazione accurata.

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kilometers per hour

a unit of measurement used to express speed or velocity in the metric system, representing the distance traveled in kilometers over the course of one hour

chilometri all'ora, km/h

chilometri all'ora, km/h

Ex: The train runs at an average of 200 kilometers per hour. 

Il treno viaggia a una media di 200 chilometri all'ora.

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centiliter
centiliter
[sostantivo]

a metric unit equal to 1/100th of a liter

centilitro

centilitro

Ex: According to the recipe, the cake batter requires mixing flour with 150 centiliters of milk. 

Secondo la ricetta, l'impasto della torta richiede di mescolare la farina con 150 centilitri di latte.

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degree Celsius
degree Celsius
[sostantivo]

a temperature scale where 0°C represents the freezing point and 100°C represents the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure

grado Celsius

grado Celsius

Ex: In some countries, room temperatures are commonly measured and regulated in degrees Celsius. 

In alcuni paesi, le temperature delle stanze sono comunemente misurate e regolate in gradi Celsius.

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pound
pound
[sostantivo]

a unit for measuring weight equal to 16 ounces or 0.454 kilograms

libbra

libbra

Ex: The suitcase exceeded the airline's weight limit by a few pounds, requiring an additional fee. 
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