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Pokročilá Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Matematika a Měření

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o matematice a měření, jako jsou "ampér", "hertz", "koňská síla" atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
watt
watt
[Podstatné jméno]

the standard unit for measuring electrical power corresponding to the rate of energy consumption in an electric circuit, equal to one joule per second

watt, watt

watt, watt

volt
volt
[Podstatné jméno]

the standard unit of electromotive force, which measures the strength of an electrical current that is sent around an electrical system

volt, napětí

volt, napětí

rpm
rpm
[Podstatné jméno]

a unit for measuring the speed of an engine, a computer hard drive, etc.

otáček za minutu, ot./min

otáček za minutu, ot./min

karat
karat
[Podstatné jméno]

a unit to measure the purity of gold, the purest gold being 24 karats

karát, jednotka měření ryzosti zlata

karát, jednotka měření ryzosti zlata

Ex: The jeweler confirmed that the necklace was made of 18 karat gold, which is 75% pure gold mixed with other metals for added strength. 
fluid ounce
fluid ounce
[Podstatné jméno]

a unit of volume used in the United States to measure liquids, equal to approximately 29.5735 milliliters

tekutá unce, fluidní unce

tekutá unce, fluidní unce

hertz
hertz
[Podstatné jméno]

a unit that is used in measurement of the frequency of sound and radio waves

hertz

hertz

horsepower
horsepower
[Podstatné jméno]

a unit for measuring an engine's power

koňská síla, k

koňská síla, k

Ex: Horsepower is a unit of power used to measure the rate at which work is done. 
pint
pint
[Podstatné jméno]

a measure equal to 16 fluid ounces, often used for measuring liquids such as beer or milk

pinta, půllitr

pinta, půllitr

Ex: I'll have a pint of beer, please. 
cube
cube
[Podstatné jméno]

the result of multiplying a number by itself three times

krychle, třetí mocnina

krychle, třetí mocnina

Ex: The cube of two is eight. 
square
square
[Podstatné jméno]

the second exponent of any given number produced when multiplied by itself

čtverec, druhá mocnina

čtverec, druhá mocnina

square root
square root
[Podstatné jméno]

a number that produces a particular number when multiplied by itself

druhá odmocnina, odmocnina

druhá odmocnina, odmocnina

variable
variable
[Podstatné jméno]

(mathematics) a quantity that is capable of assuming different values in a calculation

proměnná

proměnná

Ex: In algebra, variables such as x, y, and z represent quantities that can vary or change in value. 
tape measure
tape measure
[Podstatné jméno]

a flexible measuring tool consisting of a long strip of metal, cloth, or plastic with measurement markings, used to measure lengths and distances accurately

měřicí pásmo, metr

měřicí pásmo, metr

Ex: The carpenter used a tape measure to determine the length of the wooden board needed for the shelf. 
array
array
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of numbers, mathematical symbols or values, arranged in columns and rows

pole, matice

pole, matice

Ex: The program stores values in a two-dimensional array. 
axis
axis
[Podstatné jméno]

the central point or line around which an object turns

osa, čep

osa, čep

Ex: The Earth spins on its axis once every twenty-four hours. 
calculus
calculus
[Podstatné jméno]

the branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals

počet, analýza

počet, analýza

Ex: Calculus is used to find the area under a curve. 
denominator
denominator
[Podstatné jméno]

the number below the line in a fraction that shows how many parts the numerator divides into

jmenovatel, dělitel

jmenovatel, dělitel

numerator
numerator
[Podstatné jméno]

Fractional number above the line

čitatel, číslo nad čarou

čitatel, číslo nad čarou

common denominator
common denominator
[Podstatné jméno]

(mathematics) a number divisible by all the numbers that are below the line in a set of fractions

společný jmenovatel, jmenovatel společný

společný jmenovatel, jmenovatel společný

chaos theory
chaos theory
[Podstatné jméno]

(mathematics) an interdisciplinary theory about complex systems that obey particular laws but appear to have little or no order

teorie chaosu, chaos teorie

teorie chaosu, chaos teorie

Ex: Chaos theory explains how small changes can lead to huge differences in complex systems. 
game theory
game theory
[Podstatné jméno]

a branch of mathematics that studies the strategies of dealing with competitive situations involving conflict of interests, especially in business, war, etc.

teorie her, herní teorie

teorie her, herní teorie

Ex: Game theory helps businesses decide on the best pricing strategies. 
coordinate
coordinate
[Podstatné jméno]

any set of numbers that represents an exact position on a map or graph

souřadnice, zeměpisné souřadnice

souřadnice, zeměpisné souřadnice

Ex: The GPS coordinates 35.6895° N, 139.6917° E lead to Tokyo. 
gradient
gradient
[Podstatné jméno]

the rate at which a quantity or dimension changes over a given distance or interval

gradient, sklon

gradient, sklon

Ex: The gradient of the river’s flow affects its speed. 
prime number
prime number
[Podstatné jméno]

a number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1

prvočíslo

prvočíslo

Ex: 7 is a prime number because its only divisors are 1 and 7. 
cardinal number
cardinal number
[Podstatné jméno]

a number indicating the quantity and not order

základní číslovka, kardinální číslo

základní číslovka, kardinální číslo

irrational number
irrational number
[Podstatné jméno]

a number incapable of being expressed as a ratio of two integers

iracionální číslo, nesouměřitelné číslo

iracionální číslo, nesouměřitelné číslo

Ex: The square root of 2 is an irrational number. 
rational number
rational number
[Podstatné jméno]

a number that can be written as a fraction, where both the top and bottom are whole numbers, and the bottom is not zero

racionální číslo, racionální zlomek

racionální číslo, racionální zlomek

Ex: 3/4 is a rational number because it can be written as a fraction of two integers. 
mean
mean
[Podstatné jméno]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

průměr, aritmetický průměr

průměr, aritmetický průměr

Ex: To find the mean of 4, 6, and 8, add them together and divide by 3. 
perimeter
perimeter
[Podstatné jméno]

the total length of the external boundary of something

obvod

obvod

Ex: The geometry student calculated the perimeter of the rectangular garden to determine how much fencing would be needed. 
tangent
tangent
[Podstatné jméno]

(mathematics) the ratio of the opposite to the adjacent side of a triangle that has one angle of 90°

tangens, tečna

tangens, tečna

Ex: If the tangent of an angle is 1, it means the height and base of our triangle are the same. 
sine
sine
[Podstatné jméno]

(mathematics) the ratio of the length of the side opposite the given angle to the length of the hypotenuse

sinus

sinus

cosine
cosine
[Podstatné jméno]

(mathematics) the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse

kosinus, kosinus

kosinus, kosinus

cotangent
cotangent
[Podstatné jméno]

the ratio of the side adjacent to a particular acute angle to the side opposite the angle, in a right-angled triangle

kotangens

kotangens

foot per second
foot per second
[Podstatné jméno]

a unit of measurement used to determine the speed or velocity of something

stopa za sekundu, stopa/sekunda

stopa za sekundu, stopa/sekunda

ampere
ampere
[Podstatné jméno]

the unit of electric current, symbolized as "A" in the International System of Units

ampér, ampér

ampér, ampér

Ex: The circuit was designed to handle a maximum current of 10 amperes to ensure safety. 
kilometers per hour
kilometers per hour
[Podstatné jméno]

a unit of measurement used to express speed or velocity in the metric system, representing the distance traveled in kilometers over the course of one hour

kilometry za hodinu, km/h

kilometry za hodinu, km/h

Ex: The car was traveling at 100 km/h. 
centiliter
centiliter
[Podstatné jméno]

a metric unit equal to 1/100th of a liter

centilitr

centilitr

Ex: Students had to weigh and record the volume of 10 centilitres of water for a science experiment. 
degree Celsius
degree Celsius
[Podstatné jméno]

a temperature scale where 0°C represents the freezing point and 100°C represents the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure

stupeň Celsia

stupeň Celsia

Ex: Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius. 
pound
pound
[Podstatné jméno]

a unit for measuring weight equal to 16 ounces or 0.454 kilograms

libra

libra

Ex: She bought a pound of coffee beans to grind fresh for her morning cup of coffee. 
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