托福高级词汇 - 数学与测量

the standard unit for measuring electrical power corresponding to the rate of energy consumption in an electric circuit, equal to one joule per second

瓦特

the standard unit of electromotive force, which measures the strength of an electrical current that is sent around an electrical system

伏

a unit for measuring the speed of an engine, a computer hard drive, etc.

每分钟转速

a unit to measure the purity of gold, the purest gold being 24 karats

克拉

a unit of volume used in the United States to measure liquids, equal to approximately 29.5735 milliliters

液体盎司

a unit that is used in measurement of the frequency of sound and radio waves

赫兹

a unit for measuring an engine's power

马力

a measure equal to 16 fluid ounces, often used for measuring liquids such as beer or milk

品脱

the number that is the result of a number multiplied by itself three times

立方体

the second exponent of any given number produced when multiplied by itself

平方

a number that produces a particular number when multiplied by itself

平方根

(mathematics) a quantity that is capable of assuming different values in a calculation

变量

a flexible measuring tool consisting of a long strip of metal, cloth, or plastic with measurement markings, used to measure lengths and distances accurately

卷尺

a group of numbers, mathematical symbols or values, arranged in columns and rows

数组

a real or imaginary line about which an object rotates

轴

the branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals

微积分

the number below the line in a fraction that shows how many parts the numerator divides into

分母

Fractional number above the line

分子

(mathematics) a number divisible by all the numbers that are below the line in a set of fractions

公分母

(mathematics) an interdisciplinary theory about complex systems that obey particular laws but appear to have little or no order

混沌理论

a branch of mathematics that studies the strategies of dealing with competitive situations involving conflict of interests, especially in business, war, etc.

博弈论

any set of numbers that represent an exact position on a map or graph

坐标

the rate at which a quantity or dimension changes over a given distance or interval

梯度

a number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1

质数

a number indicating the quantity and not order

基数

a number incapable of being expressed as a ratio of two integers

无理数

a number that can be expressed as the fraction of two integers

有理数

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

均值

the total length of the external boundary of something

周长

(mathematics) the ratio of the opposite to the adjacent side of a triangle that has one angle of 90°

切线

(mathematics) the ratio of the length of the side opposite the given angle to the length of the hypotenuse

正弦

(mathematics) the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse

余弦

the ratio of the side adjacent to a particular acute angle to the side opposite the angle, in a right-angled triangle

余切

a unit of measurement used to determine the speed or velocity of something

每秒英尺

the unit of electric current, symbolized as "A" in the International System of Units (SI)

安培

a unit of measurement used to express speed or velocity in the metric system, representing the distance traveled in kilometers over the course of one hour

公里每小时

a metric unit equal to 1/100th of a liter

厘升

a temperature scale where 0°C represents the freezing point and 100°C represents the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure

摄氏度

a unit for measuring weight equal to 16 ounces or 0.454 kilograms

磅