Scienze Naturali SAT - Anatomia e genetica

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

diaframma

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

appendice

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

intestinale

the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions

corteccia prefrontale, corteccia frontale

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

milza

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

smalto

(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone

clavicola

(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations

coclea

the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen

cecum, cieco

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

torso

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

arteria

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

giuntura

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

spina dorsale

(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body

tratto

relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it

coronaria

a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions

tiroide, ghiandola tiroidea

the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot

talo, talo delle caviglie

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

vescica

relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

riproduttivo, riproduttiva

relating to any of the five senses

sensoriale

relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch

tattile

(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina

retina

related to the ability of hearing

uditivo, auditorio

relating to sight or vision

ottico

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

cromosoma

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

genoma

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

genotipo

the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

fenotipo

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

allelo

(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents

recessivo, di carattere recessivo

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

dominante

the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits

espressione genica, espressione dei geni

to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques

modificare, alterare

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

mutazione

to receive traits or attributes from a previous generation through genetic inheritance

ereditare, ricevere in eredità

the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family

lineaggio, discendenza

a person from whom other offsprings are descended

progenitore, antenato

(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome

transgenico, geneticamente modificato

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

genetista

a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities

cariotipo

the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods

eugenetica

a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two

trisomia, trisomia del cromosoma 21

the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division

centromero

a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands

palindromo

the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques

citogenetica

any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information

autosoma, cromosoma autosomico

the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression

trasfezione

in a manner that is related to genetics or genes

geneticamente

a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell

haploide

a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli

risposta precoce alla crescita, reazione precoce alla crescita