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Natuurwetenschappen SAT - Anatomie en genetica

Hier leer je enkele Engelse woorden die verband houden met anatomie en genetica, zoals "milt", "slagader", "haploïde", enz. die je nodig hebt om je SAT's te behalen.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
diaphragm

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

diafragma

diafragma

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appendix

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

bijlage

bijlage

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intestinal

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

darm

darm

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prefrontal cortex

the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions

prefrontale cortex

prefrontale cortex

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spleen

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

milt

milt

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enamel

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

tandglazuur

tandglazuur

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clavicle

(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone

sleutelbeen

sleutelbeen

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cochlea

(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations

slak

slak

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cecum

the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen

blindedarm

blindedarm

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torso

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

torso

torso

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artery

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

slagader

slagader

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joint

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

gewricht

gewricht

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spine

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

wervelkolom

wervelkolom

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tract

(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body

streek

streek

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coronary

relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it

coronair

coronair

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thyroid

a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions

schildklier

schildklier

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talus

the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot

kootbeen

kootbeen

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bladder

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

blaas

blaas

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reproductive

relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

reproductief

reproductief

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sensory

relating to any of the five senses

zintuiglijk

zintuiglijk

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tactile

relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch

tactiel

tactiel

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retinal

(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina

netvlies

netvlies

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auditory

related to the ability of hearing

auditief

auditief

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optical

relating to sight or vision

visueel

visueel

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chromosome

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

chromosome

chromosome

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genome

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

genoom

genoom

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genotype

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

genotype

genotype

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phenotype

the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

fenotype

fenotype

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allele

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

allel

allel

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recessive

(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents

recessief

recessief

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dominant

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

dominant

dominant

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expression

the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits

uitdrukking

uitdrukking

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to modify

to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques

wijzigen

wijzigen

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mutation

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

mutatie

mutatie

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to inherit

to receive traits or attributes from a precious generation through genetic inheritance

erven

erven

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lineage

the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family

het doorgeven van eigenschappen van de ene generatie aan de andere

het doorgeven van eigenschappen van de ene generatie aan de andere

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progenitor

a person from whom other offsprings are descended

voorvader

voorvader

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transgenic

(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome

transgeen

transgeen

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geneticist

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

geneticus

geneticus

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karyotype

a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities

karyotype

karyotype

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eugenics

the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods

eugeniek

eugeniek

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trisomy

a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two

trisomie

trisomie

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centromere

the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division

centromeer

centromeer

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palindrome

a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands

palindroom

palindroom

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cytogenetics

the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques

cytogenetica

cytogenetica

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autosome

any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information

autosoom

autosoom

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transfection

the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression

transfectie

transfectie

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genetically

in a manner that is related to genetics or genes

genetisch

genetisch

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haploid

a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell

haploïde

haploïde

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early growth response

a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli

vroege groeireactie

vroege groeireactie

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