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العلوم الطبيعية SAT - التشريح وعلم الوراثة

ستتعلم هنا بعض الكلمات الإنجليزية المتعلقة بعلم التشريح وعلم الوراثة، مثل "الطحال"، و"الشريان"، و"أحادي الصيغة الصبغية"، وما إلى ذلك، والتي ستحتاج إليها لتحقيق النجاح في اختبارات SAT الخاصة بك.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
diaphragm

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

غشاء

غشاء

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appendix

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

ملحق

ملحق

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intestinal

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

معوية

معوية

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[صفة]
prefrontal cortex

the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions

القشرة الجبهية

القشرة الجبهية

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spleen

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

طحال

طحال

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enamel

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

مينا الأسنان

مينا الأسنان

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clavicle

(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone

ترقوة

ترقوة

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cochlea

(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations

قوقعة الاذن

قوقعة الاذن

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cecum

the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen

المعي الاعور

المعي الاعور

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torso

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

جذع التمثال

جذع التمثال

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artery

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

شريان

شريان

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joint

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

صدع طفيف

صدع طفيف

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spine

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

العمود الفقري

العمود الفقري

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tract

(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body

قطعة أرض

قطعة أرض

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coronary

relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it

الشريان التاجي

الشريان التاجي

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[صفة]
thyroid

a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions

غدة درقية

غدة درقية

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talus

the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot

منحدر

منحدر

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bladder

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

مثانة

مثانة

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reproductive

relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

الإنجابية

الإنجابية

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[صفة]
sensory

relating to any of the five senses

حسي

حسي

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[صفة]
tactile

relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch

اللمس

اللمس

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[صفة]
retinal

(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina

الشبكية

الشبكية

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[صفة]
auditory

related to the ability of hearing

سمعي

سمعي

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[صفة]
optical

relating to sight or vision

مرئي

مرئي

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[صفة]
chromosome

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

كروموسوم

كروموسوم

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genome

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

الجينوم

الجينوم

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genotype

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

الطراز العرقى

الطراز العرقى

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phenotype

the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

النمط الظاهري

النمط الظاهري

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allele

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

أليل

أليل

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recessive

(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents

الصفة الوراثية النادرة

الصفة الوراثية النادرة

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[صفة]
dominant

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

مسيطر

مسيطر

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[صفة]
expression

the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits

مصطلح

مصطلح

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to modify

to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques

عدل

عدل

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[فعل]
mutation

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

تحول

تحول

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to inherit

to receive traits or attributes from a precious generation through genetic inheritance

رث

رث

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[فعل]
lineage

the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family

انتقال الصفات من جيل إلى آخر

انتقال الصفات من جيل إلى آخر

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progenitor

a person from whom other offsprings are descended

سلف

سلف

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transgenic

(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome

المعدلة وراثيا

المعدلة وراثيا

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[صفة]
geneticist

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

إختصاصي بعلم الوراثة

إختصاصي بعلم الوراثة

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karyotype

a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities

النمط النووي

النمط النووي

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eugenics

the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods

اليوجينا علم تحسين النسل

اليوجينا علم تحسين النسل

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[اسم]
trisomy

a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two

التثلث الصبغي

التثلث الصبغي

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centromere

the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division

سنترومير

سنترومير

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palindrome

a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands

متناظر

متناظر

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cytogenetics

the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques

علم الوراثة الخلوية

علم الوراثة الخلوية

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autosome

any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information

جسمي

جسمي

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transfection

the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression

ترنسفكأيشن

ترنسفكأيشن

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genetically

in a manner that is related to genetics or genes

وراثيا

وراثيا

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[ظرف]
haploid

a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell

فرداني

فرداني

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early growth response

a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli

استجابة النمو المبكر

استجابة النمو المبكر

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[اسم]
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