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Nauki Przyrodnicze SAT - Anatomia i genetyka

Tutaj nauczysz się kilku angielskich słów związanych z anatomią i genetyką, takich jak „śledziona”, „tętnica”, „haploid” itp., które będą Ci potrzebne, aby zdać egzamin SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
diaphragm

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

membrana

membrana

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[Rzeczownik]
appendix

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

dodatek

dodatek

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[Rzeczownik]
intestinal

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

jelitowy

jelitowy

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[przymiotnik]
prefrontal cortex

the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions

kora przedczołowa

kora przedczołowa

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[Rzeczownik]
spleen

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

śledziona

śledziona

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[Rzeczownik]
enamel

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

szkliwo zębów

szkliwo zębów

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[Rzeczownik]
clavicle

(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone

obojczyk

obojczyk

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[Rzeczownik]
cochlea

(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations

ślimak

ślimak

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[Rzeczownik]
cecum

the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen

kątnica

kątnica

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[Rzeczownik]
torso

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

tułów

tułów

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[Rzeczownik]
artery

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

tętnica

tętnica

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[Rzeczownik]
joint

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

połączenie

połączenie

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[Rzeczownik]
spine

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

kręgosłup

kręgosłup

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[Rzeczownik]
tract

(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body

traktat

traktat

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[Rzeczownik]
coronary

relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it

wieńcowy

wieńcowy

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[przymiotnik]
thyroid

a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions

tarczyca

tarczyca

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[Rzeczownik]
talus

the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot

zsypisko

zsypisko

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[Rzeczownik]
bladder

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

pęcherz

pęcherz

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[Rzeczownik]
reproductive

relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

rozrodczy

rozrodczy

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[przymiotnik]
sensory

relating to any of the five senses

sensoryczny

sensoryczny

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[przymiotnik]
tactile

relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch

dotykowy

dotykowy

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[przymiotnik]
retinal

(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina

siatkówka

siatkówka

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[przymiotnik]
auditory

related to the ability of hearing

słuchowy

słuchowy

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[przymiotnik]
optical

relating to sight or vision

wizualny

wizualny

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[przymiotnik]
chromosome

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

chromosom

chromosom

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[Rzeczownik]
genome

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

genom

genom

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[Rzeczownik]
genotype

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

genotyp

genotyp

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[Rzeczownik]
phenotype

the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

fenotyp

fenotyp

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[Rzeczownik]
allele

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

allel

allel

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[Rzeczownik]
recessive

(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents

recesywny

recesywny

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[przymiotnik]
dominant

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

dominujący

dominujący

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[przymiotnik]
expression

the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits

wyrażenie

wyrażenie

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[Rzeczownik]
to modify

to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques

modyfikować

modyfikować

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[Czasownik]
mutation

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

mutacja

mutacja

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[Rzeczownik]
to inherit

to receive traits or attributes from a precious generation through genetic inheritance

dziedziczyć

dziedziczyć

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[Czasownik]
lineage

the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family

przekazywanie cech z jednego pokolenia na drugie

przekazywanie cech z jednego pokolenia na drugie

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[Rzeczownik]
progenitor

a person from whom other offsprings are descended

przodek

przodek

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[Rzeczownik]
transgenic

(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome

transgeniczny

transgeniczny

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[przymiotnik]
geneticist

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

genetyk

genetyk

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[Rzeczownik]
karyotype

a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities

kariotyp

kariotyp

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[Rzeczownik]
eugenics

the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods

eugenika

eugenika

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[Rzeczownik]
trisomy

a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two

trisomia

trisomia

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[Rzeczownik]
centromere

the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division

centromer

centromer

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[Rzeczownik]
palindrome

a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands

palindrom

palindrom

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[Rzeczownik]
cytogenetics

the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques

cytogenetyka

cytogenetyka

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[Rzeczownik]
autosome

any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information

autosom

autosom

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[Rzeczownik]
transfection

the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression

transfekcja

transfekcja

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[Rzeczownik]
genetically

in a manner that is related to genetics or genes

genetycznie

genetycznie

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[przysłówek]
haploid

a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell

haploidalny

haploidalny

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[Rzeczownik]
early growth response

a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli

wczesna reakcja wzrostu

wczesna reakcja wzrostu

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[Rzeczownik]
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