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Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam SAT - Anatomi dan Genetika

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris yang terkait dengan anatomi dan genetika, seperti "limpa", "arteri", "haploid", dll. yang Anda butuhkan untuk lulus SAT Anda.

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Kartu flash

Ejaan

Kuis

Mulai belajar
SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
diaphragm
diaphragm
[Kata benda]

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

diafragma, sekat rongga badan

diafragma, sekat rongga badan

Ex: Injury to the diaphragm can affect its ability to function properly. 

Cedera pada diafragma dapat memengaruhi kemampuannya untuk berfungsi dengan baik.

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appendix
appendix
[Kata benda]

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

usus buntu, apendiks

usus buntu, apendiks

Ex: After removal, the appendix typically does not affect normal bodily functions. 

Setelah diangkat, usus buntu biasanya tidak memengaruhi fungsi normal tubuh.

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intestinal
intestinal
[Adjektiva]

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

usus, intestinal

usus, intestinal

Ex: Intestinal obstruction is a medical condition where the passage of food or stool through the intestines is blocked, leading to abdominal pain and distension. 

Obstruksi usus adalah kondisi medis di mana jalannya makanan atau tinja melalui usus terhambat, menyebabkan sakit perut dan kembung.

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prefrontal cortex
prefrontal cortex
[Kata benda]

the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions

korteks prefrontal, lobus prefrontal

korteks prefrontal, lobus prefrontal

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spleen
spleen
[Kata benda]

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

limpa, lien

limpa, lien

Ex: In some animals, such as dogs, the spleen can contract and release stored blood in times of need, such as during exercise or in response to injury. 

Pada beberapa hewan, seperti anjing, limpa dapat berkontraksi dan melepaskan darah yang tersimpan saat dibutuhkan, seperti selama berolahraga atau sebagai respons terhadap cedera.

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enamel
enamel
[Kata benda]

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

email, email gigi

email, email gigi

Ex: Brushing and flossing regularly help to maintain enamel health and prevent dental problems. 

Menyikat gigi dan menggunakan benang gigi secara teratur membantu menjaga kesehatan email dan mencegah masalah gigi.

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clavicle
clavicle
[Kata benda]

the long, curved bone that connects the shoulder blade to the sternum

tulang selangka, klavikula

tulang selangka, klavikula

Ex: Athletes often injure the clavicle during contact sports. 

Atlet sering melukai tulang selangka selama olahraga kontak.

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cochlea
cochlea
[Kata benda]

(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations

koklea, rumah siput

koklea, rumah siput

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cecum
cecum
[Kata benda]

the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen

sekum

sekum

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torso
torso
[Kata benda]

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

badan, bagian atas tubuh

badan, bagian atas tubuh

Ex: The forensic pathologist examined the torso to determine the cause of death and identify the victim. 

Ahli patologi forensik memeriksa batang tubuh untuk menentukan penyebab kematian dan mengidentifikasi korban.

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artery
artery
[Kata benda]

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

arteri, pembuluh darah

arteri, pembuluh darah

Ex: Atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries, can restrict blood flow and lead to serious health issues like heart attacks and strokes. 

Aterosklerosis, suatu kondisi di mana plak menumpuk di dalam arteri, dapat membatasi aliran darah dan menyebabkan masalah kesehatan serius seperti serangan jantung dan stroke.

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joint
joint
[Kata benda]

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

sendi, persendian

sendi, persendian

Ex: The elbow joint enables the arm to bend and extend, facilitating various activities such as lifting and reaching. 

Sendi siku memungkinkan lengan untuk menekuk dan meluruskan, memudahkan berbagai aktivitas seperti mengangkat dan meraih.

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spine
spine
[Kata benda]

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

tulang belakang

tulang belakang

Ex: The x-ray revealed a curvature in the spine, indicating a case of scoliosis. 

Sinar-X mengungkapkan kelengkungan pada tulang belakang, menunjukkan kasus skoliosis.

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tract
tract
[Kata benda]

(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body

saluran, sistem

saluran, sistem

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coronary
coronary
[Adjektiva]

relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it

koroner, jantung

koroner, jantung

Ex: The coronary circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, allowing it to pump effectively. 

Sirkulasi koroner menyuplai darah beroksigen ke otot jantung, memungkinkannya untuk memompa secara efektif.

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thyroid
thyroid
[Kata benda]

a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions

tiroid

tiroid

Ex: The thyroid plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and energy balance. 

Tiroid memainkan peran penting dalam menjaga kesehatan secara keseluruhan dan keseimbangan energi.

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talus
talus
[Kata benda]

the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot

tulang talus, talus

tulang talus, talus

Ex: The surgeon performed a delicate procedure to repair the fractured talus. 

Ahli bedah melakukan prosedur yang rumit untuk memperbaiki talus yang patah.

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bladder
bladder
[Kata benda]

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

kandung kemih, kantong kemih

kandung kemih, kantong kemih

Ex: The bladder can hold up to 600 milliliters of urine. 

Kandung kemih dapat menampung hingga 600 mililiter urin.

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reproductive
reproductive
[Adjektiva]

relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

reproduktif

reproduktif

Ex: Reproductive cycles in females involve ovulation and menstruation. 

Siklus reproduksi pada betina melibatkan ovulasi dan menstruasi.

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sensory
sensory
[Adjektiva]

relating to any of the five senses

sensorik,  indrawi

sensorik, indrawi

Ex: Sensory processing disorder affects how the brain interprets and responds to sensory input. 

Gangguan pemrosesan sensorik memengaruhi bagaimana otak menafsirkan dan merespons masukan sensorik.

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tactile
tactile
[Adjektiva]

relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch

taktil, berkaitan dengan sentuhan

taktil, berkaitan dengan sentuhan

Ex: Blind individuals rely heavily on tactile cues to navigate their surroundings and interact with objects. 

Individu tunanetra sangat bergantung pada isyarat taktil untuk menavigasi lingkungan mereka dan berinteraksi dengan benda.

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retinal
retinal
[Adjektiva]

(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina

retina,  terkait retina

retina, terkait retina

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auditory
auditory
[Adjektiva]

related to the ability of hearing

pendengaran, berkaitan dengan pendengaran

pendengaran, berkaitan dengan pendengaran

Ex: The auditory nerve transmits signals from the inner ear to the brain for interpretation. 

Saraf pendengaran mengirimkan sinyal dari telinga bagian dalam ke otak untuk diinterpretasikan.

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optical
optical
[Adjektiva]

relating to sight or vision

optik, visual

optik, visual

Ex: The telescope uses optical lenses to magnify distant celestial objects for observation. 

Teleskop menggunakan lensa optik untuk memperbesar objek langit yang jauh untuk pengamatan.

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chromosome
chromosome
[Kata benda]

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

kromosom, elemen kromosom

kromosom, elemen kromosom

Ex: During cell division, the chromosome condenses to become visible under a microscope. 
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genome
genome
[Kata benda]

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

genom

genom

Ex: Researchers are studying the genome of the coronavirus to track its mutations and develop effective vaccines. 

Para peneliti sedang mempelajari genom virus corona untuk melacak mutasinya dan mengembangkan vaksin yang efektif.

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genotype
genotype
[Kata benda]

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

genotipe

genotipe

Ex: Human diversity is influenced by the wide range of genotypes resulting from the combination of genetic material from both parents. 

Keragaman manusia dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam genotipe yang dihasilkan dari kombinasi materi genetik dari kedua orang tua.

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phenotype
phenotype
[Kata benda]

the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

fenotipe, karakteristik yang dapat diamati

fenotipe, karakteristik yang dapat diamati

Ex: Flower color, petal shape, and plant height are plant phenotypes. 

Warna bunga, bentuk kelopak, dan tinggi tanaman adalah fenotip tanaman.

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allele
allele
[Kata benda]

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

alel, varian genetik

alel, varian genetik

Ex: A recessive allele only manifests phenotypically when paired with another recessive allele. 

Sebuah alel resesif hanya terwujud secara fenotip ketika dipasangkan dengan alel resesif lainnya.

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recessive
recessive
[Adjektiva]

(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents

resesif, tersembunyi

resesif, tersembunyi

Ex: She has brown eyes, but she carries a recessive allele for blue eyes. 
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dominant
dominant
[Adjektiva]

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

dominan, unggul

dominan, unggul

Ex: In this family, the dominant gene for curly hair is passed down to the children. 

Di keluarga ini, gen dominan untuk rambut keriting diturunkan kepada anak-anak.

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expression
expression
[Kata benda]

the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits

ekspresi gen, ekspresi genetik

ekspresi gen, ekspresi genetik

Ex: Abnormal expression of certain genes can lead to the development of cancer. 

Ekspresi abnormal gen tertentu dapat menyebabkan perkembangan kanker.

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to modify
to modify
[kata kerja]

to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques

memodifikasi, mengubah

memodifikasi, mengubah

Ex: Researchers have successfully modified bacteria to produce insulin for medical treatments. 

Para peneliti telah berhasil memodifikasi bakteri untuk memproduksi insulin untuk perawatan medis.

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mutation
mutation
[Kata benda]

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

mutasi, perubahan genetik

mutasi, perubahan genetik

Ex: The fish exhibited a unique fin shape, which was later identified as a result of a genetic mutation. 

Ikan itu menunjukkan bentuk sirip yang unik, yang kemudian diidentifikasi sebagai hasil dari mutasi genetik.

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to inherit
to inherit
[kata kerja]

to receive traits or attributes from a previous generation through genetic inheritance

mewarisi, menerima melalui warisan

mewarisi, menerima melalui warisan

Ex: He inherited his grandfather's talent for playing the piano. 

Dia mewarisi bakat kakeknya dalam bermain piano.

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lineage
lineage
[Kata benda]

the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family

keturunan, garis keturunan

keturunan, garis keturunan

Ex: She was proud of her royal lineage, tracing her ancestry back to ancient kings and queens. 

Dia bangga dengan keturunan kerajaannya, menelusuri leluhurnya kembali ke raja dan ratu kuno.

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progenitor
progenitor
[Kata benda]

a person from whom other offsprings are descended

leluhur, pendahulu

leluhur, pendahulu

Ex: The company's founders were the progenitors of innovation, revolutionizing the industry with their groundbreaking ideas. 

Pendiri perusahaan adalah leluhur inovasi, merevolusi industri dengan ide-ide terobosan mereka.

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transgenic
transgenic
[Adjektiva]

(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome

transgenik, dimodifikasi secara genetik

transgenik, dimodifikasi secara genetik

Ex: Transgenic salmon grow much faster than wild salmon. 
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geneticist
geneticist
[Kata benda]

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

ahli genetika,  spesialis genetika

ahli genetika, spesialis genetika

Ex: The geneticist used advanced technology to map the human genome and identify specific genes linked to cancer. 

Ahli genetika menggunakan teknologi canggih untuk memetakan genom manusia dan mengidentifikasi gen spesifik yang terkait dengan kanker.

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karyotype
karyotype
[Kata benda]

a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities

karyotipe, profil kromosom

karyotipe, profil kromosom

Ex: Doctors use karyotypes to check for genetic disorders in newborns. 

Dokter menggunakan kariotipe untuk memeriksa gangguan genetik pada bayi baru lahir.

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eugenics
eugenics
[Kata benda]

the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods

eugenika

eugenika

Ex: Eugenics was a prominent but controversial field of study in the early 20th century. 

Eugenika adalah bidang studi yang menonjol namun kontroversial pada awal abad ke-20.

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trisomy
trisomy
[Kata benda]

a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two

trisomi, kelainan kromosom

trisomi, kelainan kromosom

Ex: Trisomy often results in developmental and physical abnormalities. 

Trisomi sering mengakibatkan kelainan perkembangan dan fisik.

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centromere
centromere
[Kata benda]

the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division

sentromer, kinetokor

sentromer, kinetokor

Ex: Each chromosome has a single centromere that is essential for cell division. 

Setiap kromosom memiliki satu sentromer yang penting untuk pembelahan sel.

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palindrome
palindrome
[Kata benda]

a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands

palindrom, urutan palindromik

palindrom, urutan palindromik

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cytogenetics
cytogenetics
[Kata benda]

the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques

sitogenetika, sitogenetika

sitogenetika, sitogenetika

Ex: The cytogenetics lab conducted a karyotype analysis to detect chromosomal anomalies. 

Laboratorium sitogenetika melakukan analisis kariotipe untuk mendeteksi kelainan kromosom.

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autosome
autosome
[Kata benda]

any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information

autosom, kromosom non-seks

autosom, kromosom non-seks

Ex: During cell division, autosomes undergo the same processes of replication and segregation as sex chromosomes. 

Selama pembelahan sel, autosom mengalami proses replikasi dan segregasi yang sama seperti kromosom seks.

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transfection
transfection
[Kata benda]

the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression

transfeksi, proses memperkenalkan DNA atau RNA asing

transfeksi, proses memperkenalkan DNA atau RNA asing

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genetically
genetically
[Adverbia]

in a manner that is related to genetics or genes

secara genetik, dengan cara genetik

secara genetik, dengan cara genetik

Ex: The disorder was analyzed genetically to identify any genetic mutations or abnormalities. 

Gangguan tersebut dianalisis secara genetik untuk mengidentifikasi mutasi atau kelainan genetik.

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haploid
haploid
[Kata benda]

a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell

haploid, sel haploid

haploid, sel haploid

Ex: Researchers are studying haploids to understand genetic variability and inheritance patterns. 

Para peneliti sedang mempelajari haploid untuk memahami variabilitas genetik dan pola pewarisan.

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early growth response

a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli

respons pertumbuhan awal, faktor respons pertumbuhan awal

respons pertumbuhan awal, faktor respons pertumbuhan awal

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