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Přírodní Vědy SAT - Anatomie a genetika

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s anatomií a genetikou, jako je „spleen“, „artery“, „haploid“ atd., která budete potřebovat, abyste zvládli své SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
diaphragm

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

membrána

membrána

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[Podstatné jméno]
appendix

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

dodatek

dodatek

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[Podstatné jméno]
intestinal

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

střevní

střevní

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[Přídavné jméno]
prefrontal cortex

the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions

prefrontální kůra

prefrontální kůra

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[Podstatné jméno]
spleen

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

slezina

slezina

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[Podstatné jméno]
enamel

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

zubní sklovina

zubní sklovina

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[Podstatné jméno]
clavicle

(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone

klíční kost

klíční kost

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[Podstatné jméno]
cochlea

(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations

kochlea

kochlea

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[Podstatné jméno]
cecum

the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen

slepé střevo

slepé střevo

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[Podstatné jméno]
torso

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

trup

trup

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[Podstatné jméno]
artery

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

tepna

tepna

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[Podstatné jméno]
joint

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

spoj

spoj

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[Podstatné jméno]
spine

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

páteř

páteř

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[Podstatné jméno]
tract

(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body

trakt

trakt

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[Podstatné jméno]
coronary

relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it

koronární

koronární

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[Přídavné jméno]
thyroid

a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions

Štítná žláza

Štítná žláza

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[Podstatné jméno]
talus

the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot

talus

talus

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[Podstatné jméno]
bladder

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

měchýř

měchýř

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[Podstatné jméno]
reproductive

relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

reprodukční

reprodukční

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[Přídavné jméno]
sensory

relating to any of the five senses

smyslové

smyslové

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[Přídavné jméno]
tactile

relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch

taktilní

taktilní

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[Přídavné jméno]
retinal

(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina

retinální

retinální

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[Přídavné jméno]
auditory

related to the ability of hearing

sluchový

sluchový

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[Přídavné jméno]
optical

relating to sight or vision

vizuální

vizuální

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[Přídavné jméno]
chromosome

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

chromozóm

chromozóm

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[Podstatné jméno]
genome

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

genom

genom

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[Podstatné jméno]
genotype

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

genotyp

genotyp

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[Podstatné jméno]
phenotype

the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

fenotyp

fenotyp

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[Podstatné jméno]
allele

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

alela

alela

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[Podstatné jméno]
recessive

(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents

recesivní

recesivní

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[Přídavné jméno]
dominant

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

dominantní

dominantní

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[Přídavné jméno]
expression

the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits

výraz

výraz

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[Podstatné jméno]
to modify

to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques

upravit

upravit

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[sloveso]
mutation

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

mutace

mutace

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[Podstatné jméno]
to inherit

to receive traits or attributes from a precious generation through genetic inheritance

zdědit

zdědit

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[sloveso]
lineage

the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family

předávání vlastností z jedné generace na druhou

předávání vlastností z jedné generace na druhou

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[Podstatné jméno]
progenitor

a person from whom other offsprings are descended

předek

předek

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[Podstatné jméno]
transgenic

(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome

transgenní

transgenní

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[Přídavné jméno]
geneticist

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

genetik

genetik

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[Podstatné jméno]
karyotype

a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities

karyotyp

karyotyp

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[Podstatné jméno]
eugenics

the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods

eugenika

eugenika

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[Podstatné jméno]
trisomy

a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two

trisomie

trisomie

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[Podstatné jméno]
centromere

the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division

centromera

centromera

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[Podstatné jméno]
palindrome

a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands

palindrom

palindrom

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[Podstatné jméno]
cytogenetics

the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques

cytogenetika

cytogenetika

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[Podstatné jméno]
autosome

any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information

autosome

autosome

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[Podstatné jméno]
transfection

the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression

transfekce

transfekce

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[Podstatné jméno]
genetically

in a manner that is related to genetics or genes

geneticky

geneticky

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[Příslovce]
haploid

a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell

haploidní

haploidní

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[Podstatné jméno]
early growth response

a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli

časná růstová reakce

časná růstová reakce

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[Podstatné jméno]
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