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SAT přírodní vědy - Anatomie a genetika
Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s anatomií a genetikou, jako je „spleen“, „artery“, „haploid“ atd., která budete potřebovat, abyste zvládli své SAT.
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(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen
bránice
a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected
appendix
relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body
střevní
the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions
prefrontální kůra
(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells
slezina
the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth
sklovina
(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone
klíční kost
(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations
kochlea
the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen
cecum
the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head
torzo
any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart
arterie
a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around
kloub
the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body
páteř
(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body
trakt
relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it
koronární
a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions
štítná žláza
the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot
kosti hlezenní
a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed
močový měchýř
relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species
reprodukční
relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch
taktilní
(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina
retinální
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information
chromozom
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing
genom
the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents
genotyp
the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment
fenotyp
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome
alel
(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents
recesivní
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
dominantní
the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits
genová exprese
to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques
modifikovat
(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features
mutace
to receive traits or attributes from a previous generation through genetic inheritance
zdědit
the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family
pokrevní linie
a person from whom other offsprings are descended
předek
(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome
transgenní
a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes
genetik
a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities
karyotyp
the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods
eugenika
a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two
trisomie
the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division
centromera
a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands
palindrom
the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques
cytogenetika
any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information
autosom
the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression
transfekce
a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell
haploid
a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli
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