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Științe Naturale SAT - Anatomie și Genetică
Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte în limba engleză legate de anatomie și genetică, cum ar fi „spleen”, „artery”, „haploid”, etc. de care veți avea nevoie pentru a obține SAT-urile.
Revizuire
Fișe de studiu
Ortografie
Chestionar
(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen
diafragmă
a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected
apendice
relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body
intestinal, intestinal
the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions
cortex prefrontal, cortex frontal
(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells
splină, organul splinei
the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth
smalț, smalț dentar
(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone
claviculă
(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations
cohlea
the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen
cecum, intestin cecal
the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head
torso
any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart
arteră
a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around
articulație, junctură
the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body
coloana vertebrală, spina dorsală
(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body
tract, sistem de tract
relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it
coronarian
a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions
tiroid, glanda tiroidă
the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot
talus
a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed
vezica urinară, sacul urinar
relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species
reproductiv, reproductivă
relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch
tactil, legat de atingere
(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina
retinal, referitor la retină
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information
cromozom
the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents
genotip
the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment
fenotip
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome
alel
(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents
recesiv, de tip recesiv
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
dominant, preponderent
the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits
expresie genetică, expresia genelor
to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques
modifica, schimba
(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features
mutație, schimbare genetică
to receive traits or attributes from a previous generation through genetic inheritance
a moșteni, a primi moștenire
the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family
linie, descendență
a person from whom other offsprings are descended
progenitor, antecesor
(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome
transgenic, modificat genetic
a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes
genetician, specialist în genetică
a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities
cariotip
the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods
eugenie
a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two
trisomie, trisomie a cromozomului 21
the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division
centromer
a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands
palindrom
the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques
citogenetică
any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information
autosom, cromozom autosomal
the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression
transfecție
a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell
haploid
a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli
răspuns precoce la creștere, reacție timpurie la creștere
