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Khoa Học Tự Nhiên SAT - Giải phẫu và di truyền
Tại đây, bạn sẽ học một số từ tiếng Anh liên quan đến giải phẫu và di truyền, chẳng hạn như "lá lách", "động mạch", "đơn bội", v.v. mà bạn sẽ cần để đạt điểm cao trong kỳ thi SAT của mình.
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Đố vui
(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen
cơ hoành
a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected
ruột thừa
relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body
ruột
the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions
vỏ não trán trước
(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells
lách
(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone
xương đòn
(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations
ốc tai
the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen
manh tràng
any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart
động mạch
a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around
khớp
the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body
cột sống
(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body
ống
relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it
vành
a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions
tuyến giáp
the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot
xương talus
a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed
bàng quang
relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species
phục hồi
relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch
tactile
(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina
võng mạc
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information
nhiễm sắc thể
the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents
genotype
the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment
hình thái biểu hiện
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome
allel
(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents
hồi quy
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
chiếm ưu thế
the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits
biểu hiện gen
to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques
sửa đổi
(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features
đột biến
to receive traits or attributes from a previous generation through genetic inheritance
thừa kế
the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family
huyết thống
(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome
transgenic
a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes
nhà di truyền học
a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities
karyotype
the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods
eugenics
a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two
trisomy
the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division
tâm động
a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands
đối xứng
the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques
sinh học tế bào
any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information
autosom
the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression
truyền gen
a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell
dưới bậc
a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli
phản ứng tăng trưởng sớm
