Khoa Học Tự Nhiên SAT - Giải phẫu và Di truyền học
Ởđây, bạn sẽ học một số từ tiếng Anh liên quan đến giải phẫu và di truyền, như "lá lách", "động mạch", "đơn bội", v.v., mà bạn sẽ cần để vượt qua kỳ thi SAT của mình.
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Đố vui
(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

cơ hoành, vách ngăn cơ hoành
a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

ruột thừa, phần phụ ruột thừa
relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

thuộc ruột, đường ruột
the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions

vỏ não trước trán, thùy trước trán
(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

lá lách, lách
the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

men răng, lớp men răng
(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone

xương đòn, xương quai xanh
(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations

ốc tai, xoắn ốc tai
the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

thân trên, phần thân
any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

động mạch, mạch máu
a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

khớp, khớp xương
the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

cột sống
(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body

đường, hệ thống
relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it

vành tim, thuộc tim
a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions

tuyến giáp
the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot

xương sên, talus
a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

bàng quang, bọng đái
relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

sinh sản
relating to any of the five senses

giác quan, cảm giác
relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch

xúc giác, liên quan đến xúc giác
(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina

võng mạc, thuộc võng mạc
related to the ability of hearing

thính giác, thuộc về thính giác
relating to sight or vision

quang học, thị giác
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

nhiễm sắc thể, yếu tố nhiễm sắc thể
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

bộ gen
the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

kiểu gen
the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

kiểu hình, đặc điểm quan sát được
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

alen, biến thể di truyền
(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents

lặn, ẩn
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

trội, chiếm ưu thế
the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits

biểu hiện gen, sự biểu hiện của gen
to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques

sửa đổi, biến đổi
(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

đột biến, thay đổi di truyền
to receive traits or attributes from a previous generation through genetic inheritance

thừa hưởng, được di truyền
the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family

dòng dõi, giai cấp
a person from whom other offsprings are descended

tổ tiên, người tiền nhiệm
(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome

chuyển gen, biến đổi gen
a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

nhà di truyền học, chuyên gia di truyền học
a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities

karyotype, hồ sơ nhiễm sắc thể
the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods

thuyết ưu sinh
a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two

trisomy, bất thường nhiễm sắc thể
the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division

tâm động, vùng gắn thoi
a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands

palindrome, trình tự palindromic
the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques

tế bào học di truyền, ngành tế bào học di truyền
any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information

nhiễm sắc thể thường, nhiễm sắc thể không giới tính
the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression

chuyển gien, quá trình đưa DNA hoặc RNA ngoại lai vào
in a manner that is related to genetics or genes

một cách di truyền, theo cách di truyền
a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell

đơn bội, tế bào đơn bội
a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli

phản ứng tăng trưởng sớm, yếu tố phản ứng tăng trưởng sớm
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