자연 과학 SAT - 해부학과 유전학

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

횡격막

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

충수

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

장의

the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions

전두엽 피질

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

비장

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

치아 법랑질

(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone

쇄골

(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations

와우각

the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen

맹장

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

몸통

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

동맥

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

관절

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

등뼈

(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body

관

relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it

관상동맥

a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions

갑상선

the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot

거골

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

방광

relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

생식

relating to any of the five senses

감각

relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch

촉각적인

(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina

망막

related to the ability of hearing

귀의

relating to sight or vision

시각적

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

염색체

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

게놈

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

유전자형

the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

표현형

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

대립유전자

(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents

열성

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

우성

the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits

식

to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques

완화하다

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

돌연 변이

to receive traits or attributes from a precious generation through genetic inheritance

이어받다

the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family

한 세대의 특성이 다른 세대로 전달되는 것

a person from whom other offsprings are descended

선조

(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome

형질전환

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

유전학자

a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities

핵형

the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods

우생학

a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two

삼염색체성

the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division

동원체

a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands

회문

the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques

세포유전학

any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information

상염색체

the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression

형질감염

in a manner that is related to genetics or genes

유전적으로

a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell

반수체

a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli

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