자연 과학 SAT - 해부학과 유전학

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

가로막

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

맹장

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

장내의, 장관의

the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions

전두엽 피질, 프리프론탈 피질

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

비장, 장기 비장

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

법랑질, 치아 법랑질

(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone

쇄골

(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations

코클리아

the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen

맹장, 세켐

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

상체

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

동맥

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

관절, 관절부

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

척추, 등뼈

(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body

관, 계통

relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it

관상

a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions

갑상선, 갑상선 조직

the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot

목뼈

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

방광, 요도 팽대

relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

생식의, 생식과 관련된

relating to any of the five senses

감각의, 센서리

relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch

촉각의, 느끼는

(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina

망막의, 망막과 관련된

related to the ability of hearing

청각의, 귀와 관련된

relating to sight or vision

광학의, 시각과 관련된

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

염색체

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

유전체

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

유전자형

the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

표현형

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

대립유전자

(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents

열성의, 열성 유전의

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

우세한, 지배적인

the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits

유전자 발현, 유전자 표현

to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques

변경하다, 수정하다

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

돌연변이, 유전자 변화

to receive traits or attributes from a previous generation through genetic inheritance

상속하다, 유전하다

the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family

혈통, 계보

a person from whom other offsprings are descended

조상, 선조

(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome

트랜스 제닉한, 유전자 변형된

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

유전학자, 유전 전문의

a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities

염색체

the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods

우생학

a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two

트리소미, 21번 염색체의 트리소미

the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division

센트로미어

a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands

회문

the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques

세포유전학

any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information

상염색체, 상염색체

the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression

트랜스펙션

in a manner that is related to genetics or genes

유전적으로

a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell

반수체

a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli

조기 성장 반응, 조기 성장 응답