Mga Likas na Agham ng SAT - Anatomy at Genetics

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

dayapragm

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

apendiks

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

bituka, sangkot

the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions

prefrontal cortex, frontal cortex

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

splen, organ ng spleen

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

emalyo, emalyo ng ngipin

(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone

clavicle

(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations

cochlea

the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen

cecum, cagayan

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

trunks

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

ugat

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

kasukasuan, sumpungan

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

gulugod, espina

(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body

trakt, sistemang trak

relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it

koronaryo

a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions

tiroid, glandula ng thyroid

the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot

talus

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

puni, bala ng ihi

relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

panggugulo, paggugol

relating to any of the five senses

sensoryal, pang-sense

relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch

taktile, kaugnay sa pandama

(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina

retinal, konektado sa retina

related to the ability of hearing

auditoryo, may kaugnayan sa pandinig

relating to sight or vision

optikal, kaugnay sa paningin

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

kromosoma

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

genoma

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

genotype

the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

fenotype

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

alel

(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents

recessive, may recessive

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

namumuhay, dominante

the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits

pahayag ng gene, expression ng gene

to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques

baguhin, palitan

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

mutasyon, pagbabago sa genetika

to receive traits or attributes from a previous generation through genetic inheritance

manahin, makuha

the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family

kan lineage, buhay na ugat

a person from whom other offsprings are descended

ninuno, ina

(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome

transgenic, genetically modified

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

henetisista, dalubhasa sa henetika

a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities

karyotype

the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods

eugenika

a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two

trisomi, trisomi ng kromosoma 21

the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division

sentromer

a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands

palindrom

the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques

siytogenetika

any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information

autosoma, kromosom na hindi

the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression

transfeksyon

in a manner that is related to genetics or genes

henetikal

a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell

haploidy

a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli

maagang tugon sa paglago, maagang reaksyon sa paglago