Естественные Науки SAT - Анатомия и генетика
Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с анатомией и генетикой, такие как «селезенка», «артерия», «гаплоид» и т. д., которые вам понадобятся для сдачи SAT.
Обзор
Флэш-карточки
Правописание
Тест
(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

диафрагма
a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

аппендикс
relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

кишечный
the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions

префронтальная кора
(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

селезенка
(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone

ключица
(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations

улитка
the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen

слепая кишка
any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

артерия
a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

сустав
the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

позвоночник
(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body

тракт
relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it

Коронарное кровообращение
a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions

щитовидная железа, тироид

the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot

таранная кость

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

мочевой пузырь
relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

репродуктивный, репродуктивная

relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch

осязательный
(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina

сетчатка
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

хромосома
the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

генотип

the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

фенотип

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

алле́ль

(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents

рецессивный
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

доминантный
the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits

экспрессия генов, генетическая экспрессия

to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques

модифицировать, изменять

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

мутация
to receive traits or attributes from a previous generation through genetic inheritance

наследовать, получать в наследство

the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family

происхождение
(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome

трансгенный, генетически модифицированный

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

генетик
a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities

кариотип

the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods

евгеника

a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two

трисомия, трисомия 21 хромосомы

the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division

центромера

a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands

палиндром

the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques

цитогенетика

any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information

автосома, неполовой хромосома

the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression

трансфекция

a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell

гаплоид

