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SAT自然科学 - 解剖学和遗传学

在这里,您将学习一些与解剖学和遗传学相关的英语单词,例如“spleen”、“artery”、“haploid”等,您需要这些单词才能在 SAT 考试中取得好成绩。

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
diaphragm

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

隔膜

隔膜

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appendix

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

阑尾

阑尾

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intestinal

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

肠道的

肠道的

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prefrontal cortex

the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions

前额叶皮层

前额叶皮层

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spleen

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

脾脏

脾脏

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enamel

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

牙釉质

牙釉质

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clavicle

(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone

锁骨

锁骨

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cochlea

(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations

耳蜗

耳蜗

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cecum

the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen

盲肠

盲肠

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torso

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

躯干

躯干

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artery

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

动脉

动脉

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joint

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

关节

关节

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spine

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

脊柱

脊柱

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tract

(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body

道

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coronary

relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it

冠状的

冠状的

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thyroid

a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions

甲状腺

甲状腺

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talus

the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot

距骨

距骨

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bladder

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

膀胱

膀胱

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reproductive

relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

生殖的

生殖的

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sensory

relating to any of the five senses

感官的

感官的

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tactile

relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch

触觉的

触觉的

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retinal

(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina

视网膜的

视网膜的

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auditory

related to the ability of hearing

听觉的

听觉的

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optical

relating to sight or vision

光学的

光学的

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chromosome

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

染色体

染色体

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genome

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

基因组

基因组

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genotype

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

基因型

基因型

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phenotype

the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

表型

表型

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allele

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

等位基因

等位基因

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recessive

(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents

隐性

隐性

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dominant

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

显性

显性

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expression

the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits

基因表达

基因表达

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to modify

to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques

修改

修改

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mutation

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

突变

突变

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to inherit

to receive traits or attributes from a previous generation through genetic inheritance

继承

继承

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lineage

the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family

血统

血统

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progenitor

a person from whom other offsprings are descended

祖先

祖先

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transgenic

(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome

转基因的

转基因的

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geneticist

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

遗传学家

遗传学家

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karyotype

a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities

染色体核型

染色体核型

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eugenics

the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods

优生学

优生学

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trisomy

a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two

三体症

三体症

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centromere

the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division

着丝粒

着丝粒

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palindrome

a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands

回文

回文

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cytogenetics

the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques

细胞遗传学

细胞遗传学

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autosome

any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information

常染色体

常染色体

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transfection

the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression

转染

转染

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genetically

in a manner that is related to genetics or genes

基因地

基因地

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haploid

a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell

单倍体

单倍体

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early growth response

a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli

早期生长反应

早期生长反应

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