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علوم طبیعی SAT - آناتومی و ژنتیک

در اینجا شما با برخی از کلمات انگلیسی مرتبط با آناتومی و ژنتیک مانند "طحال"، "شریان"، "haploid" و غیره آشنا خواهید شد که برای ACE SAT های خود به آنها نیاز خواهید داشت.

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شروع یادگیری
SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
diaphragm

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

دیافراگم (کالبدشناسی)

دیافراگم (کالبدشناسی)

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appendix

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

آپاندیس

آپاندیس

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intestinal

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

روده‌ای

روده‌ای

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prefrontal cortex

the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions

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spleen

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

طحال

طحال

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enamel

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

مینای دندان

مینای دندان

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clavicle

(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone

ترقوه

ترقوه

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cochlea

(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations

حلزون گوش

حلزون گوش

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cecum

the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen

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torso

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

بالاتنه

بالاتنه

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artery

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

سرخرگ

سرخرگ

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joint

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

مفصل

مفصل

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spine

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

ستون فقرات

ستون فقرات

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tract

(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body

دستگاه (کالبدشناسی)

دستگاه (کالبدشناسی)

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coronary

relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it

وابسته به شریان‌های اکلیلی

وابسته به شریان‌های اکلیلی

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thyroid

a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions

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talus

the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot

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bladder

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

مثانه

مثانه

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reproductive

relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

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sensory

relating to any of the five senses

حسی

حسی

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tactile

relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch

لامسه‌ای

لامسه‌ای

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retinal

(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina

مربوط به شبکیه چشم

مربوط به شبکیه چشم

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auditory

related to the ability of hearing

شنوایی

شنوایی

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optical

relating to sight or vision

بصری

بصری

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chromosome

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

کروموزوم

کروموزوم

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genome

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

ژنوم

ژنوم

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genotype

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

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phenotype

the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

رُخ‌نمود

رُخ‌نمود

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allele

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

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recessive

(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents

نهفته (ژنتیک)

نهفته (ژنتیک)

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dominant

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

غالب (ژنتیک)

غالب (ژنتیک)

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expression

the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits

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to modify

to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques

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mutation

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

جهش (زیست‌شناسی)

جهش (زیست‌شناسی)

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to inherit

to receive traits or attributes from a previous generation through genetic inheritance

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lineage

the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family

صفات یک نسل به نسل دیگر متنقل شدن

صفات یک نسل به نسل دیگر متنقل شدن

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progenitor

a person from whom other offsprings are descended

جد

جد

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transgenic

(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome

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geneticist

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

متخصص ژنتیک

متخصص ژنتیک

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karyotype

a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities

کروموزوم‌نگاره

کروموزوم‌نگاره

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eugenics

the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods

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trisomy

a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two

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centromere

the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division

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palindrome

a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands

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cytogenetics

the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques

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autosome

any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information

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transfection

the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression

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genetically

in a manner that is related to genetics or genes

از نظر ژنتیکی

از نظر ژنتیکی

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haploid

a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell

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early growth response

a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli

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