علوم طبیعی SAT - آناتومی و ژنتیک

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

دیافراگم (کالبدشناسی)

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

آپاندیس

relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body

روده‌ای

the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions

قشره پیشانی, قشر پیش‌فرونتال

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

طحال

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

مینای دندان

(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone

ترقوه

(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations

حلزون گوش

the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen

ککوم, کولون

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

بالاتنه

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

سرخرگ

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

مفصل

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

ستون فقرات

(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body

دستگاه (کالبدشناسی)

relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it

وابسته به شریان‌های اکلیلی

a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions

غده تیروئید, تیروئید

the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot

تالوس

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

مثانه

relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species

تولیدی, تولیدکننده

relating to any of the five senses

حسی

relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch

لامسه‌ای, لمس‌کردنی

(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina

مربوط به شبکیه چشم

related to the ability of hearing

شنوایی, سمعی

relating to sight or vision

بصری

a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information

کروموزوم, فام‌تن

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

ژنوم

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

ژنوتیپ

the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

رُخ‌نمود, فنوتیپ

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

آلل

(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents

نهفته (ژنتیک)

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

غالب (ژنتیک)

the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits

بیان ژن, بیان ژنتیکی

to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques

اصلاح کردن, دگرگون کردن

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

جهش (زیست‌شناسی)

to receive traits or attributes from a previous generation through genetic inheritance

به ارث بردن, نیاکان را دریافت کردن

the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family

صفات یک نسل به نسل دیگر متنقل شدن

a person from whom other offsprings are descended

جد

(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome

ترانس ژنی, ژن‌زده

a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

متخصص ژنتیک, ژنتیک‌شناس

a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities

کروموزوم‌نگاره

the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods

اوجنیسم

a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two

تریزومی, تریزومی کروموزوم 21

the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division

سنتروپار

a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands

پالینرم

the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques

سیتوژنتیک

any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information

اتو زوم, کروموزوم غیرجنسیتی

the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression

ترانسفکسیون

in a manner that is related to genetics or genes

از نظر ژنتیکی

a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell

هپلوئید

a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli

پاسخ زودهنگام به رشد, واکنش زودهنگام به رشد