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Ciências Naturais SAT - Anatomia e Genética
Aqui você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês relacionadas à anatomia e genética, como "baço", "artéria", "haplóide", etc., que você precisará para acertar seus SATs.
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(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen
diafragma
a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected
apêndice
relating to the intestines, which are part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients and removing waste from the body
intestinal, dos intestinos
the front part of the brain involved in higher cognition and executive functions
córtex pré-frontal, córtex frontal
(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells
baço, órgão baço
the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth
esmalte, esmalte dental
(anatomy) a bone of the shoulder girdle that connects the breastbone to the shoulder bone
clavícula
(anatomy) a spiral cavity in the inner ear that contains sensory organs which send nerve signals to the brain in response to vibrations
cóclea
the first part of the large intestine, located in the lower right abdomen
ceco, cecum
the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head
torso
any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart
artéria
a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around
articulação, junção
the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body
coluna vertebral, espinha dorsal
(anatomy) a system of interconnected organs or tissues that perform a particular task in the body
trato, sistema de trato
relating to the heart or the network of blood vessels encircling it
coronário
a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and other bodily functions
tireóide, glândula tireoide
the bone that forms the ankle joint with the tibia and fibula, supporting the body's weight and allowing movement of the foot
tálus
a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed
bexiga, saco urinário
relating to processes and behaviors involved in the creation of offspring within a species
reprodutivo, reprodutiva
relating to the sense of touch or the ability to perceive objects by touch
tátil, relacionado ao toque
(anatomy) connected with the sensory part of the eye that sends signals to the brain, called retina
retinal, relativo à retina
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information
cromossomo
the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents
genótipo
the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment
fenótipo
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome
alelo
(of a gene or trait) showing its specific appearance only when an individual inherits it from both parents
recessivo, de caráter recessivo
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
dominante, predominante
the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins, which can influence an organism's traits
expressão gênica, expressão de genes
to alter or change the genetic makeup of an organism through genetic engineering techniques
modificar, alterar
(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features
mutação, mudança genética
to receive traits or attributes from a previous generation through genetic inheritance
herdar, receber
the passing down of traits from one generation to another within a family
linhagem, descendência
a person from whom other offsprings are descended
progenitor, antepassado
(of an organism) having genetic material from another species that has been artificially introduced into its genome
transgênico, modificado geneticamente
a specialist in or student of the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes
geneticista, especialista em genética
a visual display of an individual's chromosomes, used for genetic analysis and identifying abnormalities
cariotipo
the practice of improving the genetic quality of a human population through selective breeding and other methods
eugenia
a genetic condition in which an individual has three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two
trissomia, trissomia do cromossomo 21
the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division
centromero
a DNA sequence that has the same order of nucleotides on each side of the complementary DNA strands
palíndromo
the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of chromosomes using microscopic and molecular techniques
citogenética
any chromosome that is not involved in determining sex, present in pairs in both males and females, and carrying most of an individual's genetic information
autossomo, cromossomo autossômico
the process of introducing foreign DNA or RNA into eukaryotic cells to study gene function or manipulate gene expression
transferência gênica
a cell or organism containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, typically denoted as n, representing half the genetic material of a diploid cell
haploide
a family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to various stimuli
resposta inicial de crescimento, reação inicial ao crescimento
