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GRE のための基本語彙 - 砂上の楼閣

ここでは、GRE試験に必要な「二国間」「ユートピア」「連合」など、政治に関する英単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
utopia

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

ユートピア

ユートピア

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[名詞]
wing

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

派閥, 翼

派閥, 翼

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[名詞]
conservatism

a political belief with an inclination to keep the traditional values in a society by avoiding changes

保守主義, 保守的思想

保守主義, 保守的思想

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[名詞]
utilitarianism

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

功利主義

功利主義

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[名詞]
apolitical

having no interest or involvement in politics

無政治的, 政治に無関心

無政治的, 政治に無関心

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[形容詞]
bilateral

concerning two groups or countries

二国間の, 両国間の

二国間の, 両国間の

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[形容詞]
bureaucracy

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

官僚制

官僚制

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[名詞]
to canvass

to gather people's opinion about a particular matter by posing specific questions, aiming to obtain feedback or information

意見を求める, アンケートを行う

意見を求める, アンケートを行う

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[動詞]
centralism

a political system that invests all the power and authority on a single prominent organization

中央主義, セントラリズム

中央主義, セントラリズム

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[名詞]
tyrant

a ruler or leader who has absolute power and uses it in a cruel and oppressive way, without any regard for the rights or well-being of others

暴君, 独裁者

暴君, 独裁者

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[名詞]
swing vote

an unpredictable vote that belongs to a person or party which has a crucial influence on the results of an election

スイング投票, 決定的な投票

スイング投票, 決定的な投票

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[名詞]
straw poll

an unofficial test of opinion that includes a number of people who give their opinion about something or say whether or not they intend to participate in an election

非公式調査, 意見調査

非公式調査, 意見調査

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[名詞]
cabinet

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

内閣, 閣議

内閣, 閣議

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[名詞]
coalition

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

連立

連立

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[名詞]
confederation

an organization that consists of countries, parties, or businesses which have formed an alliance to help one another

連合

連合

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[名詞]
constituency

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

選挙区, 有権者グループ

選挙区, 有権者グループ

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[名詞]
constitutional

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

憲法上の, 憲法に関する

憲法上の, 憲法に関する

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[形容詞]
demagogue

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

デマゴーグ

デマゴーグ

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[名詞]
to destabilize

to make something uncertain by introducing changes that disrupt its stability

不安定にする, 混乱させる

不安定にする, 混乱させる

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[動詞]
diplomacy

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

外交

外交

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[名詞]
egalitarian

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

平等主義者

平等主義者

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[名詞]
electorate

the group of people who are eligible to vote in an election

有権者, 選挙人

有権者, 選挙人

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[名詞]
to enfranchise

to grant the right of voting to a person or group

投票権を与える,  enfranchiseする

投票権を与える, enfranchiseする

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[動詞]
fanatic

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

ファナティック, 熱狂者

ファナティック, 熱狂者

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[名詞]
federalism

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

連邦主義

連邦主義

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[名詞]
feudalism

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

封建制度

封建制度

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[名詞]
frontier

an area located at a border, where two countries or regions meet

国境

国境

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[名詞]
geopolitics

the study of how geography influences global political and economic interactions

地政学

地政学

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[名詞]
imperialism

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

帝国主義

帝国主義

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[名詞]
inauguration

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

就任式,  inauguration

就任式, inauguration

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[名詞]
isolationism

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

孤立主義

孤立主義

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[名詞]
interventionism

a political approach advocating the government participation in other nations' affairs or influencing the economy of its own country

介入主義, 介入

介入主義, 介入

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[名詞]
legislative

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

立法の, 立法的な

立法の, 立法的な

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[形容詞]
liberalism

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

リベラリズム

リベラリズム

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[名詞]
manifesto

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

マニフェスト

マニフェスト

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[名詞]
pacifism

the ideology that advocates the unjustifiable nature of war or any other act of violence, and seeks out peace

平和主義

平和主義

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[名詞]
oligarchy

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

 oligarchy (オリガーキー)

oligarchy (オリガーキー)

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[名詞]
reactionary

strongly against any political or social changes or any new ideas

反動的, 保守的

反動的, 保守的

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[形容詞]
parliamentary

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

議会の, 国会の

議会の, 国会の

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[形容詞]
populism

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

ポピュリズム

ポピュリズム

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[名詞]
propaganda

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

プロパガンダ

プロパガンダ

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[名詞]
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