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Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa GRE - Bahay ng mga Baraha

Dito ay matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa pulitika, tulad ng "bilateral", "utopia", "coalition", atbp. na kailangan para sa GRE exam.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
utopia
[Pangngalan]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

utopia, imahinasyong paraiso

utopia, imahinasyong paraiso

Ex: Many people hope for a utopia but find it difficult to achieve in reality .Maraming tao ang umaasa sa isang **utopia** ngunit mahirap itong makamit sa katotohanan.
wing
[Pangngalan]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

pakpak, paksiyon

pakpak, paksiyon

Ex: The extremist wing of the movement advocated for radical changes to immigration laws and border security .Ang extremistang **pakpak** ng kilusan ay nagtaguyod ng radikal na mga pagbabago sa mga batas sa imigrasyon at seguridad sa hangganan.
conservatism
[Pangngalan]

a political belief with an inclination to keep the traditional values in a society by avoiding changes

konserbatismo

konserbatismo

Ex: Conservatism promotes a strong sense of community and social cohesion .Ang **konserbatismo** ay nagtataguyod ng malakas na pakiramdam ng komunidad at panlipunang pagkakaisa.
utilitarianism
[Pangngalan]

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

utilitarianismo, doktrina ng kapakinabangan

utilitarianismo, doktrina ng kapakinabangan

Ex: Utilitarianism is often applied in fields such as public policy , economics , and ethics , where decisions are made with the aim of maximizing social welfare or utility .Ang **utilitarianism** ay madalas na inilalapat sa mga larangan tulad ng patakaran sa publiko, ekonomiya, at etika, kung saan ang mga desisyon ay ginagawa sa layuning i-maximize ang kapakanan ng lipunan o utility.
apolitical
[pang-uri]

having no interest or involvement in politics

apolitikal, walang interes sa pulitika

apolitikal, walang interes sa pulitika

Ex: The community center served as an apolitical space , welcoming everyone regardless of their political beliefs to engage in recreational activities .Ang community center ay nagsilbing isang **apolitical** na espasyo, nag-aanyaya sa lahat anuman ang kanilang paniniwala sa politika upang makibahagi sa mga recreational na aktibidad.
bilateral
[pang-uri]

concerning two groups or countries

bilateral

bilateral

Ex: A bilateral agreement was reached on environmental protection .Isang **bilateral** na kasunduan ang naabot sa proteksyon sa kapaligiran.
bureaucracy
[Pangngalan]

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

byurokrasya, pamamaraang byurokratiko

byurokrasya, pamamaraang byurokratiko

Ex: The manager found the bureaucracy to be a big obstacle .Nakita ng manager na ang **bureaucracy** ay isang malaking hadlang.
to canvass
[Pandiwa]

to gather people's opinion about a particular matter by posing specific questions, aiming to obtain feedback or information

suriin, kumonsulta

suriin, kumonsulta

Ex: They will canvass residents about the proposed changes to zoning laws .Sila ay **magtatanong** sa mga residente tungkol sa mga iminungkahing pagbabago sa mga batas sa zoning.
centralism
[Pangngalan]

a political system that invests all the power and authority on a single prominent organization

sentralismo, pagkakaisa

sentralismo, pagkakaisa

Ex: Centralism was favored by leaders who wanted to ensure uniform policies across the entire nation.Ang **centralism** ay pinaboran ng mga lider na nais tiyakin ang pare-parehong mga patakaran sa buong bansa.
tyrant
[Pangngalan]

a ruler or leader who has absolute power and uses it in a cruel and oppressive way, without any regard for the rights or well-being of others

tiraniya, despota

tiraniya, despota

Ex: The tyrant enforced strict laws that stifled any form of dissent or opposition .Ang **tiraniya** ay nagpataw ng mahigpit na batas na pumipigil sa anumang anyo ng pagtutol o oposisyon.
swing vote
[Pangngalan]

an unpredictable vote that belongs to a person or party which has a crucial influence on the results of an election

pandayang boto, boto na nagpapasya

pandayang boto, boto na nagpapasya

Ex: Her position on healthcare issues helped her attract the crucial swing vote.Ang kanyang posisyon sa mga isyu sa kalusugan ay nakatulong sa kanya upang maakit ang mahalagang **swing vote**.
straw poll
[Pangngalan]

an unofficial test of opinion that includes a number of people who give their opinion about something or say whether or not they intend to participate in an election

di-opisyal na survey, botohan sa pamamagitan ng pagtataas ng kamay

di-opisyal na survey, botohan sa pamamagitan ng pagtataas ng kamay

Ex: The organizers ran a straw poll to test the level of enthusiasm for the proposed changes .Ang mga organizer ay nagpatakbo ng isang **di-opisyal na survey** upang subukan ang antas ng sigla para sa mga iminungkahing pagbabago.
cabinet
[Pangngalan]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

gabinete

gabinete

Ex: The cabinet reshuffle aimed to bring fresh perspectives and expertise to address pressing social welfare issues .Ang pagbabago sa **gabinete** ay naglalayong magdala ng mga bagong pananaw at kadalubhasaan upang tugunan ang mga napipintong isyu sa kapakanang panlipunan.
coalition
[Pangngalan]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

koalisyon, alyansa

koalisyon, alyansa

Ex: The trade union formed a coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .Ang unyon ay bumuo ng **koalisyon** kasama ang mga organisasyon ng mag-aaral upang itaguyod ang mas mahusay na mga kondisyon sa trabaho at abot-kayang edukasyon.
confederation
[Pangngalan]

an organization that consists of countries, parties, or businesses which have formed an alliance to help one another

konpederasyon, alyansa

konpederasyon, alyansa

Ex: The confederation model allows for cooperation and coordination among member states while preserving their autonomy and identity .Ang modelo ng **konpederasyon** ay nagbibigay-daan sa kooperasyon at koordinasyon sa mga miyembrong estado habang pinapanatili ang kanilang awtonomiya at pagkakakilanlan.
constituency
[Pangngalan]

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

distritong elektoral, botante

distritong elektoral, botante

Ex: A survey was conducted to gauge the opinion of the constituency on the new tax reform .Isang survey ang isinagawa upang sukatin ang opinyon ng **constituency** tungkol sa bagong reporma sa buwis.
constitutional
[pang-uri]

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

konstitusyonal, ayon sa konstitusyon

konstitusyonal, ayon sa konstitusyon

Ex: Constitutional reforms aimed to modernize the legal framework and enhance democratic governance .Ang mga repormang **konstitusyonal** ay naglalayong modernisahin ang legal na balangkas at pagbutihin ang demokratikong pamamahala.
demagogue
[Pangngalan]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

demagogo, manggugulo

demagogo, manggugulo

Ex: Democracy is vulnerable to the influence of demagogues who prioritize their own power over the welfare of the people .Ang demokrasya ay madaling maapektuhan ng impluwensya ng mga **demagogo** na inuuna ang kanilang sariling kapangyarihan kaysa sa kapakanan ng mga tao.

to make something uncertain by introducing changes that disrupt its stability

gumulo sa katatagan, guluhin ang katatagan

gumulo sa katatagan, guluhin ang katatagan

Ex: Political unrest has the potential to destabilize a region .Ang kaguluhang pampulitika ay may potensyal na **magpabagsak ng katatagan** ng isang rehiyon.
diplomacy
[Pangngalan]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

diplomasya

diplomasya

Ex: His sharp diplomacy secured a vital trade agreement for his country .
egalitarian
[Pangngalan]

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

egalitaryan, tagapagtaguyod ng pagkakapantay-pantay

egalitaryan, tagapagtaguyod ng pagkakapantay-pantay

Ex: The egalitarian’s speech inspired many to join the movement for racial equality .Ang talumpati ng **egalitaryan** ay nagbigay-inspirasyon sa marami na sumali sa kilusan para sa pagkakapantay-pantay ng lahi.
electorate
[Pangngalan]

the group of people who are eligible to vote in an election

elektorado, pangkat ng mga botante

elektorado, pangkat ng mga botante

Ex: Candidates often tailor their messages to address the concerns of the electorate.Ang mga kandidato ay madalas na nag-aayos ng kanilang mga mensahe upang tugunan ang mga alalahanin ng **elektorado**.

to grant the right of voting to a person or group

palayain, bigyan ng karapatang bumoto

palayain, bigyan ng karapatang bumoto

Ex: The reform was designed to enfranchise minority groups who had been historically excluded .Ang reporma ay dinisenyo upang **bigyan ng karapatang bumoto** ang mga grupong minorya na dati'y hindi kasali.
fanatic
[Pangngalan]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

panatiko, radikal

panatiko, radikal

Ex: The group was led by a fanatic who believed strongly in his radical ideology .Ang grupo ay pinamunuan ng isang **panatiko** na matibay na naniniwala sa kanyang radikal na ideolohiya.
federalism
[Pangngalan]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

pederalismo

pederalismo

Ex: The principles of federalism were designed to protect the sovereignty of individual states while maintaining a unified national government .Ang mga prinsipyo ng **pederalismo** ay idinisenyo upang protektahan ang soberanya ng mga indibidwal na estado habang pinapanatili ang isang pinag-isang pambansang pamahalaan.
feudalism
[Pangngalan]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

pyudalismo, sistemang pyudal

pyudalismo, sistemang pyudal

Ex: The concept of feudalism shaped the political and economic systems of medieval kingdoms .Ang konsepto ng **pyudalismo** ang humubog sa mga sistemang pampulitika at pang-ekonomiya ng mga kaharian noong medieval.
frontier
[Pangngalan]

an area located at a border, where two countries or regions meet

hangganan, frontier

hangganan, frontier

Ex: The soldiers were stationed at the frontier to monitor any movement between the two countries .Ang mga sundalo ay naka-stasyon sa **hangganan** upang subaybayan ang anumang paggalaw sa pagitan ng dalawang bansa.
geopolitics
[Pangngalan]

the study of how geography influences global political and economic interactions

heopolitika

heopolitika

Ex: Geopolitics is evident in the competition for influence in strategic locations , as seen in geopolitical rivalries in the South China Sea or the Baltic region .Ang **geopolitics** ay halata sa kompetisyon para sa impluwensya sa mga estratehikong lokasyon, tulad ng makikita sa mga geopolitikal na rivalidad sa South China Sea o sa Baltic region.
imperialism
[Pangngalan]

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

imperyalismo, kolonyalismo

imperyalismo, kolonyalismo

Ex: During the era of imperialism, major powers often competed for control over territories .Sa panahon ng **imperyalismo**, ang mga pangunahing kapangyarihan ay madalas na nagkumpetensya para sa kontrol sa mga teritoryo.
inauguration
[Pangngalan]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inaugurasyon

inaugurasyon

Ex: The inauguration festivities included parades , concerts , and fireworks to celebrate the new administration .Ang mga pagdiriwang ng **inauguration** ay may mga parada, konsiyerto, at paputok upang ipagdiwang ang bagong administrasyon.
isolationism
[Pangngalan]

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

isolasyonismo

isolasyonismo

Ex: The government 's shift towards isolationism was seen as a response to global instability .Ang pagbabago ng pamahalaan patungo sa **isolationism** ay nakita bilang tugon sa kawalang-tatag ng mundo.
interventionism
[Pangngalan]

a political approach advocating the government participation in other nations' affairs or influencing the economy of its own country

interbensyonismo, patakaran ng interbensyon

interbensyonismo, patakaran ng interbensyon

Ex: The rise in interventionism was seen as a response to economic instability .Ang pagtaas ng **interbensyonismo** ay nakita bilang tugon sa kawalan ng katatagan sa ekonomiya.
legislative
[pang-uri]

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

lehislatibo

lehislatibo

Ex: The legislative process typically involves multiple stages , including committee review , floor debate , and final vote .Ang prosesong **lehislatibo** ay karaniwang may maraming yugto, kabilang ang pagsusuri ng komite, debate sa plenaryo, at panghuling botohan.
liberalism
[Pangngalan]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalismo, ang doktrinang liberal

liberalismo, ang doktrinang liberal

Ex: Critics argue that liberalism can sometimes overlook the needs of marginalized groups , but its proponents believe that personal freedom and democratic institutions ultimately benefit everyone .Sinasabi ng mga kritiko na ang **liberalismo** ay maaaring minsan ay hindi pansinin ang mga pangangailangan ng marginalized groups, ngunit naniniwala ang mga tagapagtaguyod nito na ang personal na kalayaan at mga demokratikong institusyon ay sa huli ay nakikinabang sa lahat.
manifesto
[Pangngalan]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

manifesto, pahayag publiko

manifesto, pahayag publiko

Ex: The student union published a manifesto to advocate for better educational resources .Ang samahan ng mga mag-aaral ay naglathala ng isang **manifesto** upang itaguyod ang mas mahusay na mga mapagkukunan ng edukasyon.
pacifism
[Pangngalan]

the ideology that advocates the unjustifiable nature of war or any other act of violence, and seeks out peace

pasipismo, hindi karahasan

pasipismo, hindi karahasan

Ex: His pacifism influenced his stance on international diplomacy and peace treaties .Ang kanyang **pasipismo** ay nakaapekto sa kanyang paninindigan sa internasyonal na diplomasya at mga kasunduang pangkapayapaan.
oligarchy
[Pangngalan]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarkiya, pamumuno ng isang maliit na grupo

oligarkiya, pamumuno ng isang maliit na grupo

Ex: The rise of oligarchy often leads to corruption and nepotism , as ruling elites prioritize their own interests over those of the broader population .Ang pagtaas ng **oligarkiya** ay madalas na humahantong sa katiwalian at nepotismo, dahil inuuna ng mga naghaharing elite ang kanilang sariling interes kaysa sa mas malawak na populasyon.
reactionary
[pang-uri]

strongly against any political or social changes or any new ideas

reaksyonaryo, konserbatibo

reaksyonaryo, konserbatibo

Ex: She found the reactionary policies to be out of touch with current needs .Nakita niya na ang mga patakarang **reaksyonaryo** ay walang kinalaman sa kasalukuyang pangangailangan.
parliamentary
[pang-uri]

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

parliyamentaryo, may kaugnayan sa parliyamento

parliyamentaryo, may kaugnayan sa parliyamento

Ex: The parliamentary session begins with the opening speech by the head of state or government .Ang sesyon ng **parlyamentaryo** ay nagsisimula sa pambungad na talumpati ng pinuno ng estado o pamahalaan.
populism
[Pangngalan]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populismo, demagohiya

populismo, demagohiya

Ex: The rise of populism in recent years has been attributed to widespread dissatisfaction with traditional political parties and the impact of globalization on local economies and cultures .Ang pagtaas ng **populismo** sa mga nakaraang taon ay iniuugnay sa malawak na kawalang-kasiyahan sa mga tradisyonal na partidong pampolitika at sa epekto ng globalisasyon sa mga lokal na ekonomiya at kultura.
propaganda
[Pangngalan]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda

propaganda

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to disseminate propaganda quickly and widely .Ang pag-usbong ng social media ay nagpadali sa mabilis at malawak na pagpapakalat ng **propaganda**.
Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa GRE
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