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Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa GRE - Bahay ng mga Baraha

Dito ay matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa pulitika, tulad ng "bilateral", "utopia", "coalition", atbp. na kailangan para sa GRE exam.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
utopia
utopia
[Pangngalan]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

utopia, imahinasyong paraiso

utopia, imahinasyong paraiso

Ex: They dreamed of creating a utopia where everyone lived in harmony. 

Nangarap silang lumikha ng isang utopia kung saan ang lahat ay namumuhay nang maayos.

wing
wing
[Pangngalan]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

pakpak, paksiyon

pakpak, paksiyon

Ex: The populist wing of the party gained popularity by advocating for policies that appealed to working-class voters. 
conservatism
conservatism
[Pangngalan]

a political belief with an inclination to keep the traditional values in a society by avoiding changes

konserbatismo

konserbatismo

Ex: Many voters align with conservatism due to its emphasis on preserving traditional values. 

Maraming botante ang sumasang-ayon sa konserbatismo dahil sa diin nito sa pagpreserba ng mga tradisyonal na halaga.

utilitarianism
utilitarianism
[Pangngalan]

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

utilitarianismo, doktrina ng kapakinabangan

utilitarianismo, doktrina ng kapakinabangan

Ex: Utilitarianism holds that the morality of an action is determined by its consequences, with the greatest good for the greatest number being the guiding principle. 

Ang utilitarianism ay nagtataguyod na ang moralidad ng isang aksyon ay tinutukoy ng mga bunga nito, na ang pinakamalaking kabutihan para sa pinakamaraming bilang ang gabay na prinsipyo.

apolitical
apolitical
[pang-uri]

having no interest or involvement in politics

apolitikal, walang interes sa pulitika

apolitikal, walang interes sa pulitika

Ex: The art gallery aimed to be an apolitical space, encouraging visitors to appreciate artistic expression without bringing political views into the conversation. 

Ang art gallery ay naglalayong maging isang apolitical na espasyo, hinihikayat ang mga bisita na pahalagahan ang artistikong ekspresyon nang hindi dinadala ang mga pananaw na pampulitika sa usapan.

bilateral
bilateral
[pang-uri]

concerning two groups or countries

bilateral

bilateral

Ex: The two nations signed a bilateral trade agreement. 

Ang dalawang bansa ay pumirma ng isang bilateral na kasunduan sa kalakalan.

bureaucracy
bureaucracy
[Pangngalan]

a system of government in which administration is carried out by appointed officials

burukrasya,  biyurokrasya

burukrasya, biyurokrasya

Ex: The country developed a centralized bureaucracy to administer its growing territory. 
to canvass
to canvass
[Pandiwa]

to seek or gather opinions by asking questions or conducting a survey

mag-survey, magtanong ng opinyon

mag-survey, magtanong ng opinyon

Ex: They decided to canvass the neighborhood to get opinions on the new park. 

Nagpasya silang mag-survey sa kapitbahayan upang makakuha ng mga opinyon tungkol sa bagong parke.

centralism
centralism
[Pangngalan]

a political system that invests all the power and authority on a single prominent organization

sentralismo, pagkakaisa

sentralismo, pagkakaisa

Ex: Critics argue that centralism undermines regional autonomy and local governance. 

Sinasabi ng mga kritiko na ang centralism ay nagpapahina sa rehiyonal na awtonomiya at lokal na pamamahala.

tyrant
tyrant
[Pangngalan]

a ruler or leader who has absolute power and uses it in a cruel and oppressive way, without any regard for the rights or well-being of others

tiraniya, despota

tiraniya, despota

Ex: The people rose up against the tyrant who had ruled with an iron fist for decades. 

Ang mga tao ay nag-alsa laban sa tiraniya na naghahari nang may bakal na kamao sa loob ng mga dekada.

swing vote
swing vote
[Pangngalan]

an unpredictable vote that belongs to a person or party which has a crucial influence on the results of an election

pandayang boto, boto na nagpapasya

pandayang boto, boto na nagpapasya

Ex: The candidate was banking on securing the swing vote to win the election. 

Ang kandidato ay umaasa sa pag-secure ng swing vote para manalo sa eleksyon.

straw poll
straw poll
[Pangngalan]

an unofficial test of opinion that includes a number of people who give their opinion about something or say whether or not they intend to participate in an election

di-opisyal na survey, botohan sa pamamagitan ng pagtataas ng kamay

di-opisyal na survey, botohan sa pamamagitan ng pagtataas ng kamay

Ex: The committee conducted a straw poll to gauge interest in the new project. 

Ang komite ay nagsagawa ng di-pormal na botohan upang sukatin ang interes sa bagong proyekto.

cabinet
cabinet
[Pangngalan]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

gabinete

gabinete

Ex: The cabinet reshuffle aimed to bring fresh perspectives and expertise to address pressing social welfare issues. 
coalition
coalition
[Pangngalan]

an alliance of different groups, political parties, or countries formed to work together for a particular purpose

koalisyon,  alyansa

koalisyon, alyansa

Ex: The two parties formed a coalition after the election. 
confederation
confederation
[Pangngalan]

a union or league of political entities or organizations, often for common purposes

konpederasyon, alyansa

konpederasyon, alyansa

Ex: Historical confederations often arose for mutual defense. 

Ang mga makasaysayang konpederasyon ay madalas na umusbong para sa magkasanib na depensa.

constituency
constituency
[Pangngalan]

the people in a particular area who are represented by an elected member of a parliament or legislature

distrito,  konstituwente

distrito, konstituwente

Ex: The representative regularly meets with members of her constituency. 
constitutional
constitutional
[pang-uri]

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

konstitusyonal, ayon sa konstitusyon

konstitusyonal, ayon sa konstitusyon

Ex: The law passed by the parliament was deemed constitutional by the judiciary. 
demagogue
demagogue
[Pangngalan]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

demagogo, manggugulo

demagogo, manggugulo

Ex: The demagogue stirred up emotions and exploited fears to gain support for his political agenda. 

Ang demagogue ay nagpukaw ng mga emosyon at nag-exploit ng mga takot upang makakuha ng suporta para sa kanyang political agenda.

to destabilize

to make something uncertain by introducing changes that disrupt its stability

gumulo sa katatagan, guluhin ang katatagan

gumulo sa katatagan, guluhin ang katatagan

Ex: Personal conflicts within a team can destabilize its cohesion. 

Ang personal na mga hidwaan sa loob ng isang koponan ay maaaring magpabagabag sa pagkakaisa nito.

diplomacy
diplomacy
[Pangngalan]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

diplomasya

diplomasya

Ex: Diplomacy helped prevent the two nations from going to war. 

Ang diplomasya ay nakatulong upang maiwasan ang dalawang bansa na magkaroon ng digmaan.

egalitarian
egalitarian
[Pangngalan]

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

egalitaryan, tagapagtaguyod ng pagkakapantay-pantay

egalitaryan, tagapagtaguyod ng pagkakapantay-pantay

Ex: As an egalitarian, she fought for equal rights across all social classes. 

Bilang isang egalitaryan, nakipaglaban siya para sa pantay na karapatan sa lahat ng mga social class.

electorate
electorate
[Pangngalan]

the group of people who are eligible to vote in an election

elektorado, pangkat ng mga botante

elektorado, pangkat ng mga botante

Ex: The candidate made a strong appeal to the electorate during the campaign. 
to enfranchise

to grant the right of voting to a person or group

palayain, bigyan ng karapatang bumoto

palayain, bigyan ng karapatang bumoto

Ex: The new law aimed to enfranchise all eligible citizens. 

Ang bagong batas ay naglalayong bigyan ng karapatang bumoto ang lahat ng karapat-dapat na mamamayan.

fanatic
fanatic
[Pangngalan]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

panatiko, radikal

panatiko, radikal

Ex: The protest was peaceful until a group of fanatics began shouting radical slogans. 

Ang protesta ay mapayapa hanggang sa ang isang grupo ng mga fanatico ay nagsimulang sumigaw ng mga radikal na slogan.

federalism
federalism
[Pangngalan]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

pederalismo

pederalismo

Ex: Federalism allows for a division of powers between the national government and state governments, promoting a balance of authority. 

Ang pederalismo ay nagbibigay-daan sa paghahati ng mga kapangyarihan sa pagitan ng pambansang pamahalaan at mga pamahalaan ng estado, na nagtataguyod ng balanse ng awtoridad.

feudalism
feudalism
[Pangngalan]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

pyudalismo, sistemang pyudal

pyudalismo, sistemang pyudal

Ex: Feudalism structured medieval society into distinct classes with lords and vassals. 

Ang pyudalismo ay nag-ayos ng medyebal na lipunan sa magkakaibang mga uri na may mga panginoon at basalyos.

frontier
frontier
[Pangngalan]

the boundary separating two countries or territories

hangganan,  hanggahan

hangganan, hanggahan

Ex: The river forms part of the frontier between the two countries. 
geopolitics
geopolitics
[Pangngalan]

the study of how geography influences global political and economic interactions

heopolitika

heopolitika

Ex: Geopolitics played a significant role in the strategic decisions of nations during the Cold War, with considerations of territorial proximity and resources influencing alliances. 

Ang geopolitics ay gumampan ng isang makabuluhang papel sa mga estratehikong desisyon ng mga bansa noong Cold War, na may mga pagsasaalang-alang sa teritoryal na kalapitan at mga mapagkukunan na nakakaimpluwensya sa mga alyansa.

imperialism
imperialism
[Pangngalan]

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

imperyalismo, kolonyalismo

imperyalismo, kolonyalismo

Ex: The rise of imperialism in the 19th century led to the expansion of European empires. 

Ang pagtaas ng imperyalismo noong ika-19 na siglo ay nagdulot ng pagpapalawak ng mga imperyo sa Europa.

inauguration
inauguration
[Pangngalan]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inaugurasyon

inaugurasyon

Ex: The inauguration of the new president was attended by thousands of spectators gathered on the National Mall. 

Ang inauguration ng bagong presidente ay dinaluhan ng libu-libong manonood na nagtipon sa National Mall.

isolationism
isolationism
[Pangngalan]

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

isolasyonismo

isolasyonismo

Ex: The country adopted a policy of isolationism to avoid foreign conflicts. 

Ang bansa ay nagpatibay ng patakaran ng isolasyonismo upang maiwasan ang mga dayuhang hidwaan.

interventionism
interventionism
[Pangngalan]

a political approach advocating the government participation in other nations' affairs or influencing the economy of its own country

interbensyonismo, patakaran ng interbensyon

interbensyonismo, patakaran ng interbensyon

Ex: The new policy marked a shift toward greater interventionism in foreign affairs. 

Ang bagong patakaran ay nagmarka ng pagbabago patungo sa mas malaking interbensyonismo sa mga gawaing panlabas.

legislative
legislative
[pang-uri]

relating to the process or power of making and passing laws

Ex: The committee discussed several legislative proposals. 
liberalism
liberalism
[Pangngalan]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalismo, ang doktrinang liberal

liberalismo, ang doktrinang liberal

Ex: Liberalism emphasizes the importance of individual rights and freedoms, advocating for a society where people can express their views openly. 

Binibigyang-diin ng liberalismo ang kahalagahan ng mga karapatan at kalayaan ng indibidwal, na nagtataguyod ng isang lipunan kung saan maaaring ipahayag ng mga tao ang kanilang mga pananaw nang bukas.

manifesto
manifesto
[Pangngalan]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

manifesto, pahayag publiko

manifesto, pahayag publiko

Ex: The activists issued a manifesto to rally support for their cause. 

Ang mga aktibista ay naglabas ng manifesto upang pagkaisahin ang suporta para sa kanilang adhikain.

pacifism
pacifism
[Pangngalan]

the ideology that advocates the unjustifiable nature of war or any other act of violence, and seeks out peace

pasipismo, hindi karahasan

pasipismo, hindi karahasan

Ex: Her strong belief in pacifism guided her decision to protest against military conflicts. 

Ang kanyang matibay na paniniwala sa pasipismo ang nagpatnubay sa kanyang desisyon na magprotesta laban sa mga labanang militar.

oligarchy
oligarchy
[Pangngalan]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarkiya, pamumuno ng isang maliit na grupo

oligarkiya, pamumuno ng isang maliit na grupo

Ex: An oligarchy is a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of individuals or families. 

Ang oligarkiya ay isang anyo ng pamahalaan kung saan ang kapangyarihan ay nakapokus sa isang maliit na grupo ng mga indibidwal o pamilya.

reactionary
reactionary
[pang-uri]

strongly against any political or social changes or any new ideas

reaksyonaryo, konserbatibo

reaksyonaryo, konserbatibo

Ex: His reactionary views made him oppose all modern reforms. 

Ang kanyang reaksyonaryo na pananaw ang nagtulak sa kanya upang tutulan ang lahat ng modernong reporma.

parliamentary
parliamentary
[pang-uri]

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

parliyamentaryo, may kaugnayan sa parliyamento

parliyamentaryo, may kaugnayan sa parliyamento

Ex: The parliamentary system allows for the formation of a government based on the majority support in the legislature. 

Ang sistemang parlyamentaryo ay nagbibigay-daan sa pagbuo ng isang pamahalaan batay sa suporta ng mayorya sa lehislatura.

populism
populism
[Pangngalan]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populismo, demagohiya

populismo, demagohiya

Ex: Populism in politics refers to a movement or approach that seeks to represent the interests and voices of ordinary people, often positioning itself against established elites or institutions. 

Ang populismo sa politika ay tumutukoy sa isang kilusan o pamamaraan na naglalayong kumatawan sa mga interes at boses ng ordinaryong tao, kadalasang naglalagay ng sarili laban sa itinatag na elite o institusyon.

propaganda
propaganda
[Pangngalan]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda

propaganda

Ex: The regime used propaganda to control the narrative and maintain public support. 
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