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Essential Vocabulary for the GRE - House of Cards

Here you will learn some English words about politics, such as "bilateral", "utopia", "coalition", etc. that are needed for the GRE exam.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
utopia
utopia
[noun]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

Ex: They dreamed of creating a utopia where everyone lived in harmony. 
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wing
wing
[noun]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

Ex: The conservative wing of the party pushed for tax cuts and deregulation. 
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conservatism

a political belief with an inclination to keep the traditional values in a society by avoiding changes

Ex: Many voters align with conservatism due to its emphasis on preserving traditional values. 
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utilitarianism

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

Ex: Utilitarianism holds that the morality of an action is determined by its consequences, with the greatest good for the greatest number being the guiding principle. 
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apolitical
apolitical
[Adjective]

having no interest or involvement in politics

Ex: Despite working in the political realm, Jane remained apolitical, focusing solely on humanitarian efforts rather than aligning with any party. 
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bilateral
bilateral
[Adjective]

concerning two groups or countries

Ex: The two nations signed a bilateral trade agreement. 
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bureaucracy

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

Ex: Within a bureaucracy, officials are employed based on expertise rather than being chosen through popular votes. 
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to canvass

to seek or gather opinions by asking questions or conducting a survey

Ex: They decided to canvass the neighborhood to get opinions on the new park. 
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centralism

a political system that invests all the power and authority on a single prominent organization

Ex: Critics argue that centralism undermines regional autonomy and local governance. 
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tyrant
tyrant
[noun]

a ruler or leader who has absolute power and uses it in a cruel and oppressive way, without any regard for the rights or well-being of others

Ex: The people rose up against the tyrant who had ruled with an iron fist for decades. 
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swing vote

an unpredictable vote that belongs to a person or party which has a crucial influence on the results of an election

Ex: The candidate was banking on securing the swing vote to win the election. 
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straw poll

an unofficial test of opinion that includes a number of people who give their opinion about something or say whether or not they intend to participate in an election

Ex: The committee conducted a straw poll to gauge interest in the new project. 
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cabinet
cabinet
[noun]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

Ex: The Prime Minister announced changes to the cabinet, appointing new ministers to key portfolios. 
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coalition
coalition
[noun]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

Ex: The coalition government was formed by two major political parties to ensure stability and consensus on key policy issues. 
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confederation

a union or league of political entities or organizations, often for common purposes

Ex: The confederation of states agreed to share resources. 
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constituency

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

Ex: The candidate promised to address the concerns of their entire constituency. 
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constitutional
constitutional
[Adjective]

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

Ex: The law passed by the parliament was deemed constitutional by the judiciary. 
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demagogue
demagogue
[noun]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

Ex: The demagogue stirred up emotions and exploited fears to gain support for his political agenda. 
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to destabilize

to make something uncertain by introducing changes that disrupt its stability

Ex: Personal conflicts within a team can destabilize its cohesion. 
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diplomacy
diplomacy
[noun]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

Ex: Diplomacy helped prevent the two nations from going to war. 
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egalitarian

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

Ex: As an egalitarian, she fought for equal rights across all social classes. 
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electorate

the group of people who are eligible to vote in an election

Ex: The candidate made a strong appeal to the electorate during the campaign. 
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to enfranchise

to grant the right of voting to a person or group

Ex: The new law aimed to enfranchise all eligible citizens. 
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fanatic
fanatic
[noun]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

Ex: The protest was peaceful until a group of fanatics began shouting radical slogans. 
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federalism

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

Ex: Federalism allows for a division of powers between the national government and state governments, promoting a balance of authority. 
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feudalism
feudalism
[noun]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

Ex: Feudalism structured medieval society into distinct classes with lords and vassals. 
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frontier
frontier
[noun]

an area located at a border, where two countries or regions meet

Ex: The town lies right on the frontier, making it a strategic location for trade. 
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geopolitics

the study of how geography influences global political and economic interactions

Ex: Geopolitics played a significant role in the strategic decisions of nations during the Cold War, with considerations of territorial proximity and resources influencing alliances. 
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imperialism

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

Ex: The rise of imperialism in the 19th century led to the expansion of European empires. 
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inauguration

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

Ex: The inauguration of the new president was attended by thousands of spectators gathered on the National Mall. 
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isolationism

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

Ex: The country adopted a policy of isolationism to avoid foreign conflicts. 
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interventionism

a political approach advocating the government participation in other nations' affairs or influencing the economy of its own country

Ex: The new policy marked a shift toward greater interventionism in foreign affairs. 
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legislative
legislative
[Adjective]

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

Ex: The legislative branch of government is responsible for proposing, debating, and passing laws. 
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liberalism

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

Ex: Liberalism emphasizes the importance of individual rights and freedoms, advocating for a society where people can express their views openly. 
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manifesto
manifesto
[noun]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

Ex: The activists issued a manifesto to rally support for their cause. 
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pacifism
pacifism
[noun]

the ideology that advocates the unjustifiable nature of war or any other act of violence, and seeks out peace

Ex: Her strong belief in pacifism guided her decision to protest against military conflicts. 
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oligarchy
oligarchy
[noun]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

Ex: An oligarchy is a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of individuals or families. 
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reactionary
reactionary
[Adjective]

strongly against any political or social changes or any new ideas

Ex: His reactionary views made him oppose all modern reforms. 
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parliamentary
parliamentary
[Adjective]

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

Ex: The parliamentary system allows for the formation of a government based on the majority support in the legislature. 
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populism
populism
[noun]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

Ex: Populism in politics refers to a movement or approach that seeks to represent the interests and voices of ordinary people, often positioning itself against established elites or institutions. 
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propaganda

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

Ex: The regime used propaganda to control the narrative and maintain public support. 
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