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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro GRE - Dům z karet

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o politice, jako je "bilaterální", "utopie", "koalice" atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
utopia
utopia
[Podstatné jméno]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

utopie, imaginární ráj

utopie, imaginární ráj

Ex: They dreamed of creating a utopia where everyone lived in harmony. 
wing
wing
[Podstatné jméno]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

křídlo, frakce

křídlo, frakce

Ex: The conservative wing of the party pushed for tax cuts and deregulation. 
conservatism
conservatism
[Podstatné jméno]

a political belief with an inclination to keep the traditional values in a society by avoiding changes

konzervatismus

konzervatismus

Ex: Many voters align with conservatism due to its emphasis on preserving traditional values. 
utilitarianism
utilitarianism
[Podstatné jméno]

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

utilitarismus, doktrína užitečnosti

utilitarismus, doktrína užitečnosti

Ex: Utilitarianism holds that the morality of an action is determined by its consequences, with the greatest good for the greatest number being the guiding principle. 
apolitical
apolitical
[Přídavné jméno]

having no interest or involvement in politics

apolitický, nezajímající se o politiku

apolitický, nezajímající se o politiku

Ex: Despite working in the political realm, Jane remained apolitical, focusing solely on humanitarian efforts rather than aligning with any party. 
bilateral
bilateral
[Přídavné jméno]

concerning two groups or countries

bilaterální

bilaterální

Ex: The two nations signed a bilateral trade agreement. 
bureaucracy
bureaucracy
[Podstatné jméno]

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

byrokracie, byrokratická správa

byrokracie, byrokratická správa

Ex: Within a bureaucracy, officials are employed based on expertise rather than being chosen through popular votes. 
to canvass
to canvass
[sloveso]

to seek or gather opinions by asking questions or conducting a survey

provádět průzkumy, sbírat názory

provádět průzkumy, sbírat názory

Ex: They decided to canvass the neighborhood to get opinions on the new park. 
centralism
centralism
[Podstatné jméno]

a political system that invests all the power and authority on a single prominent organization

centralismus, centralizace

centralismus, centralizace

Ex: Critics argue that centralism undermines regional autonomy and local governance. 
tyrant
tyrant
[Podstatné jméno]

a ruler or leader who has absolute power and uses it in a cruel and oppressive way, without any regard for the rights or well-being of others

tyran, despota

tyran, despota

Ex: The people rose up against the tyrant who had ruled with an iron fist for decades. 
swing vote
swing vote
[Podstatné jméno]

an unpredictable vote that belongs to a person or party which has a crucial influence on the results of an election

rozhodující hlas, kolísavý hlas

rozhodující hlas, kolísavý hlas

Ex: The candidate was banking on securing the swing vote to win the election. 
straw poll
straw poll
[Podstatné jméno]

an unofficial test of opinion that includes a number of people who give their opinion about something or say whether or not they intend to participate in an election

neformální průzkum, hlasování zvednutím ruky

neformální průzkum, hlasování zvednutím ruky

Ex: The committee conducted a straw poll to gauge interest in the new project. 
cabinet
cabinet
[Podstatné jméno]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

kabinet

kabinet

Ex: The Prime Minister announced changes to the cabinet, appointing new ministers to key portfolios. 
coalition
coalition
[Podstatné jméno]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

koalice, aliance

koalice, aliance

Ex: The coalition government was formed by two major political parties to ensure stability and consensus on key policy issues. 
confederation
confederation
[Podstatné jméno]

a union or league of political entities or organizations, often for common purposes

konfederace, spolek

konfederace, spolek

Ex: The confederation of states agreed to share resources. 
constituency
constituency
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

volební obvod, voličstvo

volební obvod, voličstvo

Ex: The candidate promised to address the concerns of their entire constituency. 
constitutional
constitutional
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

ústavní, ústavná

ústavní, ústavná

Ex: The law passed by the parliament was deemed constitutional by the judiciary. 
demagogue
demagogue
[Podstatné jméno]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

demagog, agitátor

demagog, agitátor

Ex: The demagogue stirred up emotions and exploited fears to gain support for his political agenda. 
to destabilize

to make something uncertain by introducing changes that disrupt its stability

destabilizovat, narušit

destabilizovat, narušit

Ex: Personal conflicts within a team can destabilize its cohesion. 
diplomacy
diplomacy
[Podstatné jméno]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

diplomacie

diplomacie

Ex: Diplomacy helped prevent the two nations from going to war. 
egalitarian
egalitarian
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

egalitář, zastánce rovnosti

egalitář, zastánce rovnosti

Ex: As an egalitarian, she fought for equal rights across all social classes. 
electorate
electorate
[Podstatné jméno]

the group of people who are eligible to vote in an election

voličstvo, volební těleso

voličstvo, volební těleso

Ex: The candidate made a strong appeal to the electorate during the campaign. 
to enfranchise

to grant the right of voting to a person or group

emancipovat, udělit volební právo

emancipovat, udělit volební právo

Ex: The new law aimed to enfranchise all eligible citizens. 
fanatic
fanatic
[Podstatné jméno]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

fanatik, extremista

fanatik, extremista

Ex: The protest was peaceful until a group of fanatics began shouting radical slogans. 
federalism
federalism
[Podstatné jméno]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalismus

federalismus

Ex: Federalism allows for a division of powers between the national government and state governments, promoting a balance of authority. 
feudalism
feudalism
[Podstatné jméno]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

feudalismus, lenní systém

feudalismus, lenní systém

Ex: Feudalism structured medieval society into distinct classes with lords and vassals. 
frontier
frontier
[Podstatné jméno]

an area located at a border, where two countries or regions meet

hranice, pomezí

hranice, pomezí

Ex: The town lies right on the frontier, making it a strategic location for trade. 
geopolitics
geopolitics
[Podstatné jméno]

the study of how geography influences global political and economic interactions

geopolitika

geopolitika

Ex: Geopolitics played a significant role in the strategic decisions of nations during the Cold War, with considerations of territorial proximity and resources influencing alliances. 
imperialism
imperialism
[Podstatné jméno]

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

imperialismus, kolonialismus

imperialismus, kolonialismus

Ex: The rise of imperialism in the 19th century led to the expansion of European empires. 
inauguration
inauguration
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inaugurace

inaugurace

Ex: The inauguration of the new president was attended by thousands of spectators gathered on the National Mall. 
isolationism
isolationism
[Podstatné jméno]

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

izolacionismus

izolacionismus

Ex: The country adopted a policy of isolationism to avoid foreign conflicts. 
interventionism
interventionism
[Podstatné jméno]

a political approach advocating the government participation in other nations' affairs or influencing the economy of its own country

intervencionismus, intervenční politika

intervencionismus, intervenční politika

Ex: The new policy marked a shift toward greater interventionism in foreign affairs. 
legislative
legislative
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

zákonodárný

zákonodárný

Ex: The legislative branch of government is responsible for proposing, debating, and passing laws. 
liberalism
liberalism
[Podstatné jméno]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalismus, liberální doktrína

liberalismus, liberální doktrína

Ex: Liberalism emphasizes the importance of individual rights and freedoms, advocating for a society where people can express their views openly. 
manifesto
manifesto
[Podstatné jméno]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

manifest, veřejné prohlášení

manifest, veřejné prohlášení

Ex: The activists issued a manifesto to rally support for their cause. 
pacifism
pacifism
[Podstatné jméno]

the ideology that advocates the unjustifiable nature of war or any other act of violence, and seeks out peace

pacifismus, nenásilí

pacifismus, nenásilí

Ex: Her strong belief in pacifism guided her decision to protest against military conflicts. 
oligarchy
oligarchy
[Podstatné jméno]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarchie, vláda malé skupiny

oligarchie, vláda malé skupiny

Ex: An oligarchy is a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of individuals or families. 
reactionary
reactionary
[Přídavné jméno]

strongly against any political or social changes or any new ideas

reakcionářský, konzervativní

reakcionářský, konzervativní

Ex: His reactionary views made him oppose all modern reforms. 
parliamentary
parliamentary
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

parlamentní, vztahující se k parlamentu

parlamentní, vztahující se k parlamentu

Ex: The parliamentary system allows for the formation of a government based on the majority support in the legislature. 
populism
populism
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populismus, demagogie

populismus, demagogie

Ex: Populism in politics refers to a movement or approach that seeks to represent the interests and voices of ordinary people, often positioning itself against established elites or institutions. 
propaganda
propaganda
[Podstatné jméno]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda

propaganda

Ex: The regime used propaganda to control the narrative and maintain public support. 
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