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GRE必备词汇 - 纸牌屋

在这里,你将学习一些关于政治的英语单词,如“双边”、“乌托邦”、“联盟”等,这些都是GRE考试所需要的。

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
utopia
[名词]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

乌托邦, 想象中的天堂

乌托邦, 想象中的天堂

Ex: Many people hope for a utopia but find it difficult to achieve in reality .许多人希望有一个**乌托邦**,但发现它在现实中难以实现。
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wing
[名词]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

翼, 派系

翼, 派系

Ex: The extremist wing of the movement advocated for radical changes to immigration laws and border security .运动的极端**派系**主张对移民法和边境安全进行彻底改革。
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conservatism
[名词]

a political belief with an inclination to keep the traditional values in a society by avoiding changes

保守主义

保守主义

Ex: Conservatism promotes a strong sense of community and social cohesion .**保守主义**促进强烈的社区意识和社会凝聚力。
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the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

功利主义, 效用学说

功利主义, 效用学说

Ex: Utilitarianism is often applied in fields such as public policy , economics , and ethics , where decisions are made with the aim of maximizing social welfare or utility .**功利主义**经常应用于公共政策、经济和伦理等领域,其决策旨在最大化社会福利或效用。
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apolitical
[形容词]

having no interest or involvement in politics

不关心政治的, 对政治不感兴趣的

不关心政治的, 对政治不感兴趣的

Ex: The community center served as an apolitical space , welcoming everyone regardless of their political beliefs to engage in recreational activities .社区中心作为一个**非政治性**的空间,欢迎每个人,无论他们的政治信仰如何,参与娱乐活动。
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bilateral
[形容词]

concerning two groups or countries

双边的

双边的

Ex: A bilateral agreement was reached on environmental protection .就环境保护达成了**双边**协议。
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bureaucracy
[名词]

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

官僚主义, 官僚行政

官僚主义, 官僚行政

Ex: The manager found the bureaucracy to be a big obstacle .经理发现**官僚主义**是一个很大的障碍。
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to canvass
[动词]

to gather people's opinion about a particular matter by posing specific questions, aiming to obtain feedback or information

调查, 咨询

调查, 咨询

Ex: They will canvass residents about the proposed changes to zoning laws .他们将就分区法的拟议变更**征求**居民的意见。
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centralism
[名词]

a political system that invests all the power and authority on a single prominent organization

中央集权主义, 中央集权化

中央集权主义, 中央集权化

Ex: Centralism was favored by leaders who wanted to ensure uniform policies across the entire nation.**中央集权**受到那些希望确保全国政策统一的领导人的青睐。
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tyrant
[名词]

a ruler or leader who has absolute power and uses it in a cruel and oppressive way, without any regard for the rights or well-being of others

暴君, 专制者

暴君, 专制者

Ex: The tyrant enforced strict laws that stifled any form of dissent or opposition .**暴君**实施了严格的法律,扼杀了任何形式的异议或反对。
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swing vote
[名词]

an unpredictable vote that belongs to a person or party which has a crucial influence on the results of an election

关键一票, 摇摆票

关键一票, 摇摆票

Ex: Her position on healthcare issues helped her attract the crucial swing vote.她在医疗问题上的立场帮助她吸引了关键的**摇摆票**。
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straw poll
[名词]

an unofficial test of opinion that includes a number of people who give their opinion about something or say whether or not they intend to participate in an election

非正式民意调查, 举手表决

非正式民意调查, 举手表决

Ex: The organizers ran a straw poll to test the level of enthusiasm for the proposed changes .组织者进行了一次**非正式民意调查**,以测试对提议变更的热情程度。
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cabinet
[名词]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

内阁

内阁

Ex: The cabinet reshuffle aimed to bring fresh perspectives and expertise to address pressing social welfare issues .**内阁**改组旨在带来新的视角和专业知识,以解决紧迫的社会福利问题。
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coalition
[名词]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

联盟, 同盟

联盟, 同盟

Ex: The trade union formed a coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .工会与学生组织结成了**联盟**,以倡导更好的工作条件和负担得起的教育。
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an organization that consists of countries, parties, or businesses which have formed an alliance to help one another

联邦, 联盟

联邦, 联盟

Ex: The confederation model allows for cooperation and coordination among member states while preserving their autonomy and identity .**联邦**模式允许成员国之间的合作与协调,同时保留它们的自治和身份。
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constituency
[名词]

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

选区, 选民

选区, 选民

Ex: A survey was conducted to gauge the opinion of the constituency on the new tax reform .进行了一项调查以评估**选区**对新税收改革的意见。
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constitutional
[形容词]

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

宪法的, 符合宪法的

宪法的, 符合宪法的

Ex: Constitutional reforms aimed to modernize the legal framework and enhance democratic governance .**宪法**改革旨在使法律框架现代化并加强民主治理。
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demagogue
[名词]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

煽动者, 蛊惑人心的政客

煽动者, 蛊惑人心的政客

Ex: Democracy is vulnerable to the influence of demagogues who prioritize their own power over the welfare of the people .民主制度容易受到**煽动者**的影响,他们将自己的权力置于人民的福祉之上。
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to make something uncertain by introducing changes that disrupt its stability

破坏稳定, 使动荡

破坏稳定, 使动荡

Ex: Political unrest has the potential to destabilize a region .政治动荡有可能**破坏**一个地区的稳定。
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diplomacy
[名词]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

外交

外交

Ex: His sharp diplomacy secured a vital trade agreement for his country .
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egalitarian
[名词]

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

平等主义者, 平等的倡导者

平等主义者, 平等的倡导者

Ex: The egalitarian’s speech inspired many to join the movement for racial equality .**平等主义者**的演讲激励了许多人加入种族平等的运动。
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electorate
[名词]

the group of people who are eligible to vote in an election

选民, 选民群体

选民, 选民群体

Ex: Candidates often tailor their messages to address the concerns of the electorate.候选人经常调整他们的信息以解决**选民**的担忧。
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to grant the right of voting to a person or group

解放, 授予选举权

解放, 授予选举权

Ex: The reform was designed to enfranchise minority groups who had been historically excluded .改革旨在**赋予**历史上被排斥的少数群体**选举权**。
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fanatic
[名词]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

狂热分子, 极端分子

狂热分子, 极端分子

Ex: The group was led by a fanatic who believed strongly in his radical ideology .该团体由一位**狂热分子**领导,他坚信自己的激进意识形态。
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federalism
[名词]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

联邦制

联邦制

Ex: The principles of federalism were designed to protect the sovereignty of individual states while maintaining a unified national government .**联邦制**的原则旨在保护各州的主权,同时保持一个统一的国家政府。
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feudalism
[名词]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

封建制度, 封建主义

封建制度, 封建主义

Ex: The concept of feudalism shaped the political and economic systems of medieval kingdoms .**封建主义**的概念塑造了中世纪王国的政治和经济体系。
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frontier
[名词]

an area located at a border, where two countries or regions meet

边界, 边疆

边界, 边疆

Ex: The soldiers were stationed at the frontier to monitor any movement between the two countries .士兵们驻扎在**边境**,监视两国之间的任何动向。
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geopolitics
[名词]

the study of how geography influences global political and economic interactions

地缘政治学

地缘政治学

Ex: Geopolitics is evident in the competition for influence in strategic locations , as seen in geopolitical rivalries in the South China Sea or the Baltic region .**地缘政治**在战略位置的影响力竞争中显而易见,如南中国海或波罗的海地区的地缘政治竞争所示。
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imperialism
[名词]

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

帝国主义, 殖民主义

帝国主义, 殖民主义

Ex: During the era of imperialism, major powers often competed for control over territories .在**帝国主义**时代,大国经常争夺领土的控制权。
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inauguration
[名词]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

就职典礼

就职典礼

Ex: The inauguration festivities included parades , concerts , and fireworks to celebrate the new administration .**就职**庆祝活动包括游行、音乐会和烟花,以庆祝新政府。
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isolationism
[名词]

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

孤立主义

孤立主义

Ex: The government 's shift towards isolationism was seen as a response to global instability .政府向**孤立主义**的转变被视为对全球不稳定的回应。
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a political approach advocating the government participation in other nations' affairs or influencing the economy of its own country

干涉主义, 干预政策

干涉主义, 干预政策

Ex: The rise in interventionism was seen as a response to economic instability .**干预主义**的兴起被视为对经济不稳定的回应。
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legislative
[形容词]

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

立法的

立法的

Ex: The legislative process typically involves multiple stages , including committee review , floor debate , and final vote .**立法**过程通常包括多个阶段,包括委员会审查、全体辩论和最终投票。
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liberalism
[名词]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

自由主义, 自由主义的学说

自由主义, 自由主义的学说

Ex: Critics argue that liberalism can sometimes overlook the needs of marginalized groups , but its proponents believe that personal freedom and democratic institutions ultimately benefit everyone .批评者认为**自由主义**有时会忽视边缘化群体的需求,但其支持者认为个人自由和民主制度最终会使所有人受益。
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manifesto
[名词]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

宣言, 公开声明

宣言, 公开声明

Ex: The student union published a manifesto to advocate for better educational resources .学生会发表了一份**宣言**,倡导更好的教育资源。
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pacifism
[名词]

the ideology that advocates the unjustifiable nature of war or any other act of violence, and seeks out peace

和平主义, 非暴力

和平主义, 非暴力

Ex: His pacifism influenced his stance on international diplomacy and peace treaties .他的**和平主义**影响了他在国际外交和和平条约上的立场。
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oligarchy
[名词]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

寡头政治, 一小群人的统治

寡头政治, 一小群人的统治

Ex: The rise of oligarchy often leads to corruption and nepotism , as ruling elites prioritize their own interests over those of the broader population .**寡头政治**的崛起往往导致腐败和裙带关系,因为统治精英将自己的利益置于广大民众的利益之上。
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reactionary
[形容词]

strongly against any political or social changes or any new ideas

反动的, 保守的

反动的, 保守的

Ex: She found the reactionary policies to be out of touch with current needs .她发现**反动**政策与当前需求脱节。
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parliamentary
[形容词]

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

议会的, 与议会有关的

议会的, 与议会有关的

Ex: The parliamentary session begins with the opening speech by the head of state or government .**议会**会议以国家元首或政府首脑的开幕词开始。
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populism
[名词]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

民粹主义, 煽动

民粹主义, 煽动

Ex: The rise of populism in recent years has been attributed to widespread dissatisfaction with traditional political parties and the impact of globalization on local economies and cultures .近年来**民粹主义**的兴起被归因于对传统政党的普遍不满以及全球化对当地经济和文化的影响。
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propaganda
[名词]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

宣传

宣传

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to disseminate propaganda quickly and widely .社交媒体的兴起使得**宣传**能够快速而广泛地传播。
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GRE必备词汇
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