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Vocabulario Esencial para el GRE - Castillo de Naipes

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre política, como "bilateral", "utopia", "coalition", etc. que se necesitan para el examen GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
utopia
[Sustantivo]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

utopía

utopía

Ex: Many people hope for a utopia but find it difficult to achieve in reality .Muchas personas esperan una **utopía** pero encuentran difícil lograrla en la realidad.
wing
[Sustantivo]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

ala

ala

Ex: The extremist wing of the movement advocated for radical changes to immigration laws and border security .El **ala** extremista del movimiento abogó por cambios radicales en las leyes de inmigración y seguridad fronteriza.
conservatism
[Sustantivo]

a political belief with an inclination to keep the traditional values in a society by avoiding changes

conservadurismo

conservadurismo

Ex: Conservatism promotes a strong sense of community and social cohesion .El **conservadurismo** promueve un fuerte sentido de comunidad y cohesión social.
utilitarianism
[Sustantivo]

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

utilitarismo

utilitarismo

Ex: Utilitarianism is often applied in fields such as public policy , economics , and ethics , where decisions are made with the aim of maximizing social welfare or utility .El **utilitarismo** se aplica a menudo en campos como las políticas públicas, la economía y la ética, donde las decisiones se toman con el objetivo de maximizar el bienestar social o la utilidad.
apolitical
[Adjetivo]

having no interest or involvement in politics

apolítico

apolítico

Ex: The community center served as an apolitical space , welcoming everyone regardless of their political beliefs to engage in recreational activities .El centro comunitario sirvió como un espacio **apolítico**, acogiendo a todos independientemente de sus creencias políticas para participar en actividades recreativas.
bilateral
[Adjetivo]

concerning two groups or countries

bilateral

bilateral

Ex: A bilateral agreement was reached on environmental protection .Se alcanzó un acuerdo **bilateral** sobre la protección del medio ambiente.
bureaucracy
[Sustantivo]

a system of government that is controlled by officials who are not elected rather employed

burocracia

burocracia

Ex: The manager found the bureaucracy to be a big obstacle .El gerente encontró que la **burocracia** era un gran obstáculo.
to canvass
[Verbo]

to gather people's opinion about a particular matter by posing specific questions, aiming to obtain feedback or information

sondear

sondear

Ex: They will canvass residents about the proposed changes to zoning laws .Ellos **consultarán** a los residentes sobre los cambios propuestos en las leyes de zonificación.
centralism
[Sustantivo]

a political system that invests all the power and authority on a single prominent organization

centralismo

centralismo

Ex: Centralism was favored by leaders who wanted to ensure uniform policies across the entire nation.El **centralismo** fue favorecido por los líderes que querían garantizar políticas uniformes en toda la nación.
tyrant
[Sustantivo]

a ruler or leader who has absolute power and uses it in a cruel and oppressive way, without any regard for the rights or well-being of others

tirano

tirano

Ex: The tyrant enforced strict laws that stifled any form of dissent or opposition .El **tirano** impuso leyes estrictas que sofocaban cualquier forma de disidencia u oposición.
swing vote
[Sustantivo]

an unpredictable vote that belongs to a person or party which has a crucial influence on the results of an election

voto de los indecisos

voto de los indecisos

Ex: Her position on healthcare issues helped her attract the crucial swing vote.Su posición sobre los temas de salud la ayudó a atraer el crucial **voto indeciso**.
straw poll
[Sustantivo]

an unofficial test of opinion that includes a number of people who give their opinion about something or say whether or not they intend to participate in an election

encuesta extraoficial

encuesta extraoficial

Ex: The organizers ran a straw poll to test the level of enthusiasm for the proposed changes .Los organizadores realizaron una **encuesta informal** para probar el nivel de entusiasmo por los cambios propuestos.
cabinet
[Sustantivo]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

gabinete, consejo de ministros

gabinete, consejo de ministros

Ex: The cabinet reshuffle aimed to bring fresh perspectives and expertise to address pressing social welfare issues .La reorganización del **gabinete** tenía como objetivo aportar nuevas perspectivas y experiencia para abordar los urgentes problemas de bienestar social.
coalition
[Sustantivo]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

coalición

coalición

Ex: The trade union formed a coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .El sindicato formó una **coalición** con organizaciones estudiantiles para abogar por mejores condiciones laborales y una educación asequible.
confederation
[Sustantivo]

an organization that consists of countries, parties, or businesses which have formed an alliance to help one another

confederación

confederación

Ex: The confederation model allows for cooperation and coordination among member states while preserving their autonomy and identity .El modelo de **confederación** permite la cooperación y coordinación entre los estados miembros mientras preserva su autonomía e identidad.
constituency
[Sustantivo]

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

electorado

electorado

Ex: A survey was conducted to gauge the opinion of the constituency on the new tax reform .Se realizó una encuesta para medir la opinión de la **circunscripción** sobre la nueva reforma fiscal.
constitutional
[Adjetivo]

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

constitucional

constitucional

Ex: Constitutional reforms aimed to modernize the legal framework and enhance democratic governance .Las reformas **constitucionales** tenían como objetivo modernizar el marco legal y mejorar la gobernanza democrática.
demagogue
[Sustantivo]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

demagogo

demagogo

Ex: Democracy is vulnerable to the influence of demagogues who prioritize their own power over the welfare of the people .La democracia es vulnerable a la influencia de los **demagogos** que priorizan su propio poder sobre el bienestar del pueblo.

to make something uncertain by introducing changes that disrupt its stability

desestabilizar

desestabilizar

Ex: Political unrest has the potential to destabilize a region .La agitación política tiene el potencial de **desestabilizar** una región.
diplomacy
[Sustantivo]

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

diplomacia

diplomacia

Ex: His sharp diplomacy secured a vital trade agreement for his country .
egalitarian
[Sustantivo]

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

igualitario

igualitario

Ex: The egalitarian’s speech inspired many to join the movement for racial equality .El discurso del **igualitario** inspiró a muchos a unirse al movimiento por la igualdad racial.
electorate
[Sustantivo]

the group of people who are eligible to vote in an election

electorado

electorado

Ex: Candidates often tailor their messages to address the concerns of the electorate.Los candidatos a menudo adaptan sus mensajes para abordar las preocupaciones del **electorado**.

to grant the right of voting to a person or group

otorgar el derecho al voto a

otorgar el derecho al voto a

Ex: The reform was designed to enfranchise minority groups who had been historically excluded .La reforma fue diseñada para **otorgar el derecho al voto** a los grupos minoritarios que habían sido históricamente excluidos.
fanatic
[Sustantivo]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

fanático

fanático

Ex: The group was led by a fanatic who believed strongly in his radical ideology .El grupo estaba liderado por un **fanático** que creía firmemente en su ideología radical.
federalism
[Sustantivo]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalismo

federalismo

Ex: The principles of federalism were designed to protect the sovereignty of individual states while maintaining a unified national government .Los principios del **federalismo** fueron diseñados para proteger la soberanía de los estados individuales mientras se mantiene un gobierno nacional unificado.
feudalism
[Sustantivo]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

feudalismo

feudalismo

Ex: The concept of feudalism shaped the political and economic systems of medieval kingdoms .El concepto de **feudalismo** dio forma a los sistemas políticos y económicos de los reinos medievales.
frontier
[Sustantivo]

an area located at a border, where two countries or regions meet

frontera

frontera

Ex: The soldiers were stationed at the frontier to monitor any movement between the two countries .Los soldados estaban estacionados en la **frontera** para monitorear cualquier movimiento entre los dos países.
geopolitics
[Sustantivo]

the study of how geography influences global political and economic interactions

geopolítica

geopolítica

Ex: Geopolitics is evident in the competition for influence in strategic locations , as seen in geopolitical rivalries in the South China Sea or the Baltic region .La **geopolítica** es evidente en la competencia por la influencia en ubicaciones estratégicas, como se ve en las rivalidades geopolíticas en el Mar del Sur de China o en la región del Báltico.
imperialism
[Sustantivo]

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

imperialismo

imperialismo

Ex: During the era of imperialism, major powers often competed for control over territories .Durante la era del **imperialismo**, las grandes potencias a menudo competían por el control de los territorios.
inauguration
[Sustantivo]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

investidura

investidura

Ex: The inauguration festivities included parades , concerts , and fireworks to celebrate the new administration .Las festividades de **inauguración** incluyeron desfiles, conciertos y fuegos artificiales para celebrar la nueva administración.
isolationism
[Sustantivo]

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

aislacionismo

aislacionismo

Ex: The government 's shift towards isolationism was seen as a response to global instability .El giro del gobierno hacia el **aislacionismo** fue visto como una respuesta a la inestabilidad global.
interventionism
[Sustantivo]

a political approach advocating the government participation in other nations' affairs or influencing the economy of its own country

intervencionismo

intervencionismo

Ex: The rise in interventionism was seen as a response to economic instability .El aumento del **intervencionismo** fue visto como una respuesta a la inestabilidad económica.
legislative
[Adjetivo]

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

legislativo

legislativo

Ex: The legislative process typically involves multiple stages , including committee review , floor debate , and final vote .El proceso **legislativo** generalmente implica múltiples etapas, incluyendo la revisión en comité, el debate en el pleno y la votación final.
liberalism
[Sustantivo]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalismo

liberalismo

Ex: Critics argue that liberalism can sometimes overlook the needs of marginalized groups , but its proponents believe that personal freedom and democratic institutions ultimately benefit everyone .Los críticos argumentan que el **liberalismo** a veces puede pasar por alto las necesidades de los grupos marginados, pero sus defensores creen que la libertad personal y las instituciones democráticas benefician a todos en última instancia.
manifesto
[Sustantivo]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

manifesto

manifesto

Ex: The student union published a manifesto to advocate for better educational resources .El sindicato de estudiantes publicó un **manifiesto** para abogar por mejores recursos educativos.
pacifism
[Sustantivo]

the ideology that advocates the unjustifiable nature of war or any other act of violence, and seeks out peace

pacifismo

pacifismo

Ex: His pacifism influenced his stance on international diplomacy and peace treaties .Su **pacifismo** influyó en su postura sobre la diplomacia internacional y los tratados de paz.
oligarchy
[Sustantivo]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarquía

oligarquía

Ex: The rise of oligarchy often leads to corruption and nepotism , as ruling elites prioritize their own interests over those of the broader population .El ascenso de la **oligarquía** a menudo conduce a la corrupción y el nepotismo, ya que las élites gobernantes priorizan sus propios intereses sobre los de la población en general.
reactionary
[Adjetivo]

strongly against any political or social changes or any new ideas

reaccionario

reaccionario

Ex: She found the reactionary policies to be out of touch with current needs .Ella encontró que las políticas **reaccionarias** estaban desconectadas de las necesidades actuales.
parliamentary
[Adjetivo]

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

parlamentario

parlamentario

Ex: The parliamentary session begins with the opening speech by the head of state or government .La sesión **parlamentaria** comienza con el discurso de apertura del jefe de Estado o de gobierno.
populism
[Sustantivo]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populismo

populismo

Ex: The rise of populism in recent years has been attributed to widespread dissatisfaction with traditional political parties and the impact of globalization on local economies and cultures .El auge del **populismo** en los últimos años se ha atribuido al descontento generalizado con los partidos políticos tradicionales y al impacto de la globalización en las economías y culturas locales.
propaganda
[Sustantivo]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda

propaganda

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to disseminate propaganda quickly and widely .El auge de las redes sociales ha facilitado la diseminación rápida y amplia de la **propaganda**.
Vocabulario Esencial para el GRE
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