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Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le GRE - La Politique

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur la politique, tels que "bilatéral", "utopie", "coalition", etc., qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
utopia
utopia
[nom]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

utopie

utopie

Ex: The novel described a utopia with no conflict or poverty. 

Le roman décrivait une utopie sans conflit ni pauvreté.

wing
wing
[nom]

members of a political party or other organization who have a certain function or share certain views

parti

parti

Ex: The liberal wing of the legislature championed social justice reforms and environmental protections. 
conservatism

a political belief with an inclination to keep the traditional values in a society by avoiding changes

conservatisme

conservatisme

Ex: The politician's platform is rooted in conservatism, advocating for lower taxes and reduced government spending. 

La plateforme du politicien est enracinée dans le conservatisme, préconisant des impôts plus bas et une réduction des dépenses publiques.

utilitarianism

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

utilitarisme

utilitarisme

Ex: Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill are among the most influential proponents of utilitarianism, advocating for a moral calculus based on the principle of utility. 

Jeremy Bentham et John Stuart Mill sont parmi les partisans les plus influents de l'utilitarisme, prônant un calcul moral basé sur le principe d'utilité.

apolitical
apolitical
[Adjectif]

having no interest or involvement in politics

apolitique

apolitique

Ex: The apolitical nature of the book club allowed members to enjoy literature without engaging in debates about political affiliations. 

La nature apolitique du club de lecture a permis aux membres de profiter de la littérature sans s'engager dans des débats sur les affiliations politiques.

bilateral
bilateral
[Adjectif]

concerning two groups or countries

bilatéral

bilatéral

Ex: They held a bilateral meeting to discuss the new policy. 

Ils ont tenu une réunion bilatérale pour discuter de la nouvelle politique.

bureaucracy

a system of government in which administration is carried out by appointed officials

bureaucratie

bureaucratie

Ex: Power gradually shifted from local leaders to a professional bureaucracy. 
to canvass
to canvass
[verbe]

to seek or gather opinions by asking questions or conducting a survey

sonder, faire du porte-à-porte

sonder, faire du porte-à-porte

Ex: We need to canvass local businesses to understand their needs. 

Nous devons sonder les entreprises locales pour comprendre leurs besoins.

centralism

a political system that invests all the power and authority on a single prominent organization

centralisme, centralisation

centralisme, centralisation

Ex: The centralism of the regime was evident in its tight control over all administrative functions. 

Le centralisme du régime était évident dans son contrôle strict de toutes les fonctions administratives.

tyrant
tyrant
[nom]

a ruler or leader who has absolute power and uses it in a cruel and oppressive way, without any regard for the rights or well-being of others

tyran, despote

tyran, despote

Ex: His reign was marked by brutality, and he was widely recognized as a tyrant. 

Son règne a été marqué par la brutalité, et il était largement reconnu comme un tyran.

swing vote

an unpredictable vote that belongs to a person or party which has a crucial influence on the results of an election

vote décisif, vote pivot

vote décisif, vote pivot

Ex: In the tight race, the swing vote became the center of media attention. 

Dans cette course serrée, le vote indécis est devenu le centre de l'attention des médias.

straw poll

an unofficial test of opinion that includes a number of people who give their opinion about something or say whether or not they intend to participate in an election

sondage

sondage

Ex: They used a straw poll to estimate how many people would attend the community event. 

Ils ont utilisé un sondage informel pour estimer combien de personnes assisteraient à l'événement communautaire.

cabinet
cabinet
[nom]

senior members of a government who make decisions and control the policy of the government

cabinet

cabinet

Ex: The President convened a cabinet meeting to discuss national security issues and economic policy. 
coalition

an alliance of different groups, political parties, or countries formed to work together for a particular purpose

coalition

coalition

Ex: Several community groups created a coalition to support the project. 
confederation

a union or league of political entities or organizations, often for common purposes

confédération

confédération

Ex: Canada was formed as a confederation of provinces. 

Le Canada a été formé en tant que confédération de provinces.

constituency

the people in a particular area who are represented by an elected member of a parliament or legislature

électeurs

électeurs

Ex: Many people in the constituency attended the public meeting. 
constitutional
constitutional
[Adjectif]

relating to or in accordance with the rules laid out in a constitution, which is a set of fundamental laws for a country or organization

constitutionnel

constitutionnel

Ex: The president's actions were subject to constitutional scrutiny by the legislative branch. 
demagogue

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

démagogue

démagogue

Ex: History is filled with examples of demagogues who manipulated the masses through charismatic speeches and appeals to populism. 

L'histoire est remplie d'exemples de démagogues qui ont manipulé les masses par des discours charismatiques et des appels au populisme.

to destabilize

to make something uncertain by introducing changes that disrupt its stability

déstabiliser, perturber

déstabiliser, perturber

Ex: Economic downturns can destabilize the financial stability of a nation. 

Les ralentissements économiques peuvent déstabiliser la stabilité financière d'une nation.

diplomacy

the job, skill, or act of managing the relationships between different countries

diplomatie

diplomatie

Ex: She pursued a career in diplomacy, working as an ambassador. 

Elle a poursuivi une carrière dans la diplomatie, travaillant comme ambassadrice.

egalitarian

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

égalitariste, partisan de l'égalité

égalitariste, partisan de l'égalité

Ex: Her role as an egalitarian involved advocating for gender equality in the workplace. 

Son rôle en tant qu'égalitariste impliquait de plaider pour l'égalité des genres sur le lieu de travail.

electorate

the group of people who are eligible to vote in an election

électorat, corps électoral

électorat, corps électoral

Ex: The changes in voting laws affected the entire electorate. 
to enfranchise

to grant the right of voting to a person or group

donner le droit de vote à

donner le droit de vote à

Ex: Activists worked tirelessly to enfranchise marginalized communities. 

Les militants ont travaillé sans relâche pour accorder le droit de vote aux communautés marginalisées.

fanatic
fanatic
[nom]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

fanatique

fanatique

Ex: She was labeled a fanatic due to her unwavering belief in the cult's teachings. 

Elle a été qualifiée de fanatique en raison de sa croyance inébranlable dans les enseignements de la secte.

federalism

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

fédéralisme

fédéralisme

Ex: The United States Constitution established a system of federalism to ensure that no single entity held too much power. 

La Constitution des États-Unis a établi un système de fédéralisme pour s'assurer qu'aucune entité ne détienne trop de pouvoir.

feudalism

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

féodalité

féodalité

Ex: Under feudalism, peasants worked the land in exchange for protection from local lords. 

Sous le féodalisme, les paysans travaillaient la terre en échange de la protection des seigneurs locaux.

frontier

the boundary separating two countries or territories

frontière

frontière

Ex: Daniel lived in a small town close to the frontier. 
geopolitics

the study of how geography influences global political and economic interactions

géopolitique

géopolitique

Ex: Geopolitics comes into play in international negotiations, as countries leverage their geographical advantages to secure favorable agreements. 

La géopolitique entre en jeu dans les négociations internationales, car les pays exploitent leurs avantages géographiques pour obtenir des accords favorables.

imperialism

a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

impérialisme

impérialisme

Ex: Many historians view the colonization of Africa as a prime example of imperialism. 

De nombreux historiens considèrent la colonisation de l'Afrique comme un exemple parfait d'impérialisme.

inauguration

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inauguration

inauguration

Ex: The mayor's inauguration ceremony took place in the city hall, where they were sworn into office by a judge. 

La cérémonie d'inauguration du maire a eu lieu à l'hôtel de ville, où il a été assermenté par un juge.

isolationism

the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

isolationnisme

isolationnisme

Ex: Critics argued that isolationism would hinder the nation's global influence. 

Les critiques ont soutenu que l'isolationnisme entraverait l'influence mondiale de la nation.

interventionism

a political approach advocating the government participation in other nations' affairs or influencing the economy of its own country

interventionnisme, politique d'intervention

interventionnisme, politique d'intervention

Ex: Critics argue that interventionism disrupts global stability and sovereignty. 

Les critiques soutiennent que l'interventionnisme perturbe la stabilité mondiale et la souveraineté.

legislative
legislative
[Adjectif]

relating to the process or power of making and passing laws

législatif

législatif

Ex: The bill must pass through the legislative process before becoming law. 
liberalism

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

libéralisme

libéralisme

Ex: The principles of liberalism support democratic governance, ensuring that power is distributed and checked through free and fair elections. 

Les principes du libéralisme soutiennent la gouvernance démocratique, garantissant que le pouvoir est distribué et contrôlé par des élections libres et équitables.

manifesto

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

manifeste, déclaration publique

manifeste, déclaration publique

Ex: The political party released a manifesto outlining their plans for economic reform. 

Le parti politique a publié un manifeste exposant ses plans pour la réforme économique.

pacifism

the ideology that advocates the unjustifiable nature of war or any other act of violence, and seeks out peace

pacifisme, non-violence

pacifisme, non-violence

Ex: The group's commitment to pacifism was evident in their nonviolent approach to activism. 

L'engagement du groupe envers le pacifisme était évident dans leur approche non violente de l'activisme.

oligarchy

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarchie

oligarchie

Ex: The country's political system evolved into an oligarchy, with a wealthy elite controlling key decision-making processes. 

Le système politique du pays a évolué vers une oligarchie, avec une élite riche contrôlant les processus clés de prise de décision.

reactionary
reactionary
[Adjectif]

strongly against any political or social changes or any new ideas

réactionnaire, conservateur

réactionnaire, conservateur

Ex: The group was criticized for its reactionary stance on social issues. 

Le groupe a été critiqué pour sa position réactionnaire sur les questions sociales.

parliamentary
parliamentary
[Adjectif]

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

parlementaire

parlementaire

Ex: Parliamentary debates play a crucial role in shaping government policies and decisions. 

Les débats parlementaires jouent un rôle crucial dans la formation des politiques et des décisions gouvernementales.

populism

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

populisme

populisme

Ex: Leaders who embrace populism frequently use rhetoric that emphasizes the dichotomy between "the people" and "the elite," promising to return power to the common citizen. 

Les dirigeants qui adoptent le populisme utilisent fréquemment une rhétorique qui met en avant la dichotomie entre "le peuple" et "l'élite", promettant de rendre le pouvoir au citoyen ordinaire.

propaganda

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propagande

propagande

Ex: During the war, both sides spread propaganda to boost morale and demonize the enemy. 
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