GRE のための基本語彙 - パラノイドアンドロイド

relating to or using signals in which information is represented through constant changing of physical quantities

アナログ, アナログ（信号に関連）

a harmful program that pretends to be legitimate and can give unauthorized access to a device

トロイの木馬

a text containing instructions in a specific order that supports a programming language which human can read and it specifies the behaviors of a computer system

ソースコード

to verify a device, user, or process before an access to the computer's resources is allowed

認証する, 確認する

to start a computer, typically involves setting up hardware elements to prepare the computer for use

起動する, ブートする

a test version of software released to users to find and fix bugs before the final release

ベータ版, テスト版

a program that automatically loads and initializes the operating system on a computer

ブートストラップ, 初期化

(computing) a type of computer memory in which information that is often in use can be stored temporarily, a cache can be accessed quickly and is needed while a program is running

キャッシュ, メモリキャッシュ

(computing) a temporary storage area for data that has been copied or cut

クリップボード, clipboard

the ability of a computer, software, or equipment to work with another device or software

互換性, 適合性

the set-up, hardware, and software of a computer that makes a complete system

設定, コンフィギュレーション

to cause errors or damage to a digital file, program, or system, either intentionally or unintentionally, due to a malfunction or interference

破損させる, 腐敗させる

the non-physical space in which communication over computer networks takes place

サイバースペース, バーチャル空間

a tool that analyzes and identifies issues, errors, or problems within the software or system

診断ツール, 診断

to convert machine code back into human-readable assembly language or source code for analysis or modification

逆アセンブルする, デコンパイルする

a small hardware device that connects to a computer, smartphone, or other electronic device to provide additional functionality

ドングル, アダプタ

an electronic device that connects computer networks and sends data between networks

ルーター

a type of non-volatile memory in a computer or electronic device where data is permanently stored

読み取り専用メモリ, ROM

a server that acts as an intermediary between a user's device and the internet, forwarding requests and responses to enhance security, privacy, or performance

プロキシサーバー, プロキシ

unauthorized reproduction, distribution, or use of copyrighted materials, such as software, music, movies, or books

海賊, 著作権侵害

a small piece of code or update applied to existing software to fix issues, enhance functionality, or address vulnerabilities

パッチ, 更新

(computing) describing a computer program whose source code is available to everyone

オープンソース, open source

a condition where a circuit or electrical system experiences a current higher than its designed capacity; potentially leading to overheating and damage

過負荷, オーバーロード

(of software or a code) intentionally designed to harm, damage, or disrupt computer systems, networks, or data

悪意のある, マリシャス

a private network within an organization for internal communication, collaboration, and resource sharing among members

イントラネット

(computing) the program through which a user can interact with a computer, especially its design and appearance

インターフェース

to convert data or information into a coded form, mainly to prevent unauthorized access

暗号化する, コーディングする

a technology that compresses and decompresses audio or video data; facilitating efficient storage, transmission, and playback of multimedia content

コーデック, コーディングおよびデコーディング

(computing) a type of software stored in a way that it cannot be modified or erased

ファームウェア, 組込みソフトウェア

to create a new set of data by using a mathematical or logical process to transform an existing set of data

生成する, 作成する

the speed at which a computer can process information, expressed in (MHz)

クロック周波数, クロックスピード

a unit for measuring the size of computer data that equals 8 bits

バイト

a numerical system that uses only two digits, 0 and 1, as its base

バイナリ

characterized by a mode in which data or a file is accessible for viewing but cannot be modified or altered

読み取り専用の, 読み取りのみの

to extract audio or video content from a physical medium, such as a CD or DVD and convert it into a digital format for storage or playback

リッピングする, 抽出する

a data structure that removes data in the reverse order of saving them and serves as a temporary storage

スタック, 積み重ね

a network for communication between computers, usually within a building

to identify, analyze, and resolve problems or malfunctions in a system, device, or process to restore it to proper functioning

トラブルシュートする, 問題を解決する

a type of computer memory tasked with temporarily storing data for a quicker access

ランダムアクセスメモリ, RAM

the visual interaction that users have with the computer through icons, menus, etc.

グラフィカルユーザーインターフェース, ユーザーインターフェースグラフィカル