Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le GRE - Ordinateur et Internet

relating to or using signals in which information is represented through constant changing of physical quantities

analogue

a harmful program that pretends to be legitimate and can give unauthorized access to a device

cheval de Troie

a text containing instructions in a specific order that supports a programming language which human can read and it specifies the behaviors of a computer system

code source

to verify a device, user, or process before an access to the computer's resources is allowed

authentifier, vérifier

to start a computer, typically involves setting up hardware elements to prepare the computer for use

démarrer

a test version of software released to users to find and fix bugs before the final release

version bêta, version de test

a program that automatically loads and initializes the operating system on a computer

démarrage, initialisation

(computing) a type of computer memory in which information that is often in use can be stored temporarily, a cache can be accessed quickly and is needed while a program is running

mémoire-cache

(computing) a temporary storage area for data that has been copied or cut

presse-papiers

the ability of a computer, software, or equipment to work with another device or software

compatibilité

the set-up, hardware, and software of a computer that makes a complete system

configuration

to cause errors or damage to a digital file, program, or system, either intentionally or unintentionally, due to a malfunction or interference

corrompre, endommager

the non-physical space in which communication over computer networks takes place

cyberespace

a tool that analyzes and identifies issues, errors, or problems within the software or system

diagnostic, outil de diagnostic

to convert machine code back into human-readable assembly language or source code for analysis or modification

désassembler, décompiler

a small hardware device that connects to a computer, smartphone, or other electronic device to provide additional functionality

clé USB, adaptateur USB

an electronic device that connects computer networks and sends data between networks

routeur

a type of non-volatile memory in a computer or electronic device where data is permanently stored

mémoire morte, mémoire en lecture seule

a server that acts as an intermediary between a user's device and the internet, forwarding requests and responses to enhance security, privacy, or performance

serveur proxy, proxy

unauthorized reproduction, distribution, or use of copyrighted materials, such as software, music, movies, or books

piraterie, contrefaçon

a small piece of code or update applied to existing software to fix issues, enhance functionality, or address vulnerabilities

correctif, mise à jour

(computing) describing a computer program whose source code is available to everyone

open source

a condition where a circuit or electrical system experiences a current higher than its designed capacity; potentially leading to overheating and damage

surcharge, surintensité

(of software or a code) intentionally designed to harm, damage, or disrupt computer systems, networks, or data

malveillant, malicious

a private network within an organization for internal communication, collaboration, and resource sharing among members

intranet

(computing) the program through which a user can interact with a computer, especially its design and appearance

interface

to convert data or information into a coded form, mainly to prevent unauthorized access

coder, encoder

a technology that compresses and decompresses audio or video data; facilitating efficient storage, transmission, and playback of multimedia content

codeur-décodeur, codec

(computing) a type of software stored in a way that it cannot be modified or erased

micrologiciel

to create a new set of data by using a mathematical or logical process to transform an existing set of data

générer, produire

the speed at which a computer can process information, expressed in (MHz)

vitesse de l'horloge

a unit for measuring the size of computer data that equals 8 bits

octet

a numerical system that uses only two digits, 0 and 1, as its base

binaire

characterized by a mode in which data or a file is accessible for viewing but cannot be modified or altered

en，只读的

to extract audio or video content from a physical medium, such as a CD or DVD and convert it into a digital format for storage or playback

ripper, extraire

a data structure that removes data in the reverse order of saving them and serves as a temporary storage

pile, tas

a network for communication between computers, usually within a building

réseau local

to identify, analyze, and resolve problems or malfunctions in a system, device, or process to restore it to proper functioning

dépanner, résoudre des problèmes

a type of computer memory tasked with temporarily storing data for a quicker access

RAM

the visual interaction that users have with the computer through icons, menus, etc.

mistletoe