analog
[adjective]
relating to or using signals in which information is represented through constant changing of physical quantities
Ex:
Essential Vocabulary for the GRE - Paranoid Android
Here you will learn some English words about computer and internet, such as "trojan horse", "corrupt", "router", etc. that are needed for the GRE exam.
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trojan horse
[noun]
a harmful program that pretends to be legitimate and can give unauthorized access to a device
Ex:
His
computer
was
infected
by
a
trojan horse
that
appeared
as
an
update
.
source code
[noun]
a text containing instructions in a specific order that supports a programming language which human can read and it specifies the behaviors of a computer system
Ex:
The
source code
for
the
app
was
stored
in
a
version
control system
.
to authenticate
[verb]
to verify a device, user, or process before an access to the computer's resources is allowed
Ex:
The
software
prompts
users
to
authenticate
via
a
fingerprint
scan
.
to boot
[verb]
to start a computer, typically involves setting up hardware elements to prepare the computer for use
Ex:
He
booted
his
laptop
,
ready
to
tackle
the
day
's
programming
assignments
.
beta version
[noun]
a test version of software released to users to find and fix bugs before the final release
Ex:
The
beta version
helped
identify
several
bugs
before
the
final
release
.
bootstrap
[noun]
a program that automatically loads and initializes the operating system on a computer
Ex:
Many
startups
use
bootstrap
financing
methods
such as
crowdfunding
or
bootstrapping
to
fund
their
initial
development
and
growth
.
cache
[noun]
(computing) a type of computer memory in which information that is often in use can be stored temporarily, a cache can be accessed quickly and is needed while a program is running
Ex:
The
browser
stores
frequently
visited
websites
in
its
cache
.
clipboard
[noun]
(computing) a temporary storage area for data that has been copied or cut
Ex:
He
used
the
clipboard
to
quickly
gather
all
the
necessary
data
.
compatibility
[noun]
the ability of a computer, software, or equipment to work with another device or software
Ex:
Compatibility
between
different
versions
of
software
is
crucial
for
smooth
operation
.
configuration
[noun]
the set-up, hardware, and software of a computer that makes a complete system
Ex:
The
software
was
incompatible
with
the
current
configuration
of
the
machine
.
to corrupt
[verb]
to cause errors or damage to a digital file, program, or system, either intentionally or unintentionally, due to a malfunction or interference
Ex:
Opening
the
email
attachment
might
corrupt
your
system
if
it
's
infected
.
cyberspace
[noun]
the non-physical space in which communication over computer networks takes place
Ex:
The
cybersecurity
team
monitors
cyberspace
for
potential
threats
and
unauthorized
access
attempts
.
diagnostic
[noun]
a tool that analyzes and identifies issues, errors, or problems within the software or system
Ex:
She
used
a
diagnostic
to
troubleshoot
the
network
connectivity
issue
.
to disassemble
[verb]
to convert machine code back into human-readable assembly language or source code for analysis or modification
Ex:
The
security
expert
disassembled
the
embedded
system
firmware
to
audit
its
code
for
potential
security
flaws
.
dongle
[noun]
a small hardware device that connects to a computer, smartphone, or other electronic device to provide additional functionality
Ex:
A
TV
dongle
can
be
used
to
stream
content
from
a
smartphone
or
computer
to
a
television
screen
.
router
[noun]
an electronic device that connects computer networks and sends data between networks
Ex:
A
router
is
essential
for
setting up
a
home
or
office
network
.
read-only memory
[noun]
a type of non-volatile memory in a computer or electronic device where data is permanently stored
Ex:
proxy server
[noun]
a server that acts as an intermediary between a user's device and the internet, forwarding requests and responses to enhance security, privacy, or performance
Ex:
Users
in
countries
with
internet
restrictions
can
access
blocked
content
by
using
a
proxy server
based
in
a
different
location
.
piracy
[noun]
unauthorized reproduction, distribution, or use of copyrighted materials, such as software, music, movies, or books
Ex:
Piracy
of
e-books
involves
the
unauthorized
distribution
of
digital
books
without
the
author
's
or
publisher
's
consent
.
patch
[noun]
a small piece of code or update applied to existing software to fix issues, enhance functionality, or address vulnerabilities
Ex:
The
software
update
included
a
patch
to
fix
the
security
vulnerability
.
open-source
[adjective]
(computing) describing a computer program whose source code is available to everyone
Ex:
The
company
adopted
an
open-source
operating system
for
cost
savings
.
overload
[noun]
a condition where an electrical system or device receives more current than it can safely handle
Ex:
An
overload
in
the
electrical system
led
to
a
power outage
.
malicious
[adjective]
(of software or a code) intentionally designed to harm, damage, or disrupt computer systems, networks, or data
Ex:
The
IT
team
worked
to
remove
the
malicious
software
from
the
server
.
intranet
[noun]
a private network within an organization for internal communication, collaboration, and resource sharing among members
Ex:
Intranet
forums
provide
a
platform
for
employees
to
discuss
projects
,
share
insights
,
and
seek
assistance
.
interface
[noun]
(computing) the program through which a user can interact with a computer, especially its design and appearance
Ex:
Users
can
customize
the
interface
of
their
operating system
to
suit
their
preferences
.
to encrypt
[verb]
to convert data or information into a coded form, mainly to prevent unauthorized access
Ex:
The
messaging
app
encrypts
communications
to
ensure
secure
conversations
.
codec
[noun]
a technology that compresses and decompresses audio or video data; facilitating efficient storage, transmission, and playback of multimedia content
Ex:
The
codec
efficiently
compressed
the
large
audio
file
for
easier
sharing
.
firmware
[noun]
(computing) a type of software stored in a way that it cannot be modified or erased
Ex:
The
printer
's
firmware
controls
its
internal
functions
.
to generate
[verb]
to create a new set of data by using a mathematical or logical process to transform an existing set of data
Ex:
The
data
analyst
generates
summary
statistics
to
describe
the
central
tendency
and
variability
of
the
dataset
.
clock speed
[noun]
the speed at which a computer can process information, expressed in (MHz)
Ex:
Overclocking
can
increase
a
CPU
's
clock speed
beyond
its
rated
limit
.
byte
[noun]
a unit for measuring the size of computer data that equals 8 bits
Ex:
The
program
requires
at least
4
gigabytes
of
RAM
,
which
is
equivalent
to
billions
of
bytes
,
to
run
smoothly
.
binary
[noun]
a numerical system that uses only two digits, 0 and 1, as its base
Ex:
She
converted
the
decimal
number
into
binary
for
the
assignment
.
read-only
[adjective]
characterized by a mode in which data or a file is accessible for viewing but cannot be modified or altered
Ex:
She
received
a
read-only
link
to
review
the
proposal
.
to rip
[verb]
to extract audio or video content from a physical medium, such as a CD or DVD and convert it into a digital format for storage or playback
Ex:
The
audiophile
prefers
to
rip
his
vinyl
records
to
FLAC
format
for
high-quality
digital
playback
.
stack
[noun]
a data structure that removes data in the reverse order of saving them and serves as a temporary storage
Ex:
Pushing
data
onto
the
stack
is
a
common
operation
in
computing
.
local area network
[phrase]
a network for communication between computers, usually within a building
Ex:
to troubleshoot
[verb]
to identify, analyze, and resolve problems or malfunctions in a system, device, or process to restore it to proper functioning
Ex:
I
am
troubleshooting
the
system error
right
now
.
random-access memory
[noun]
a type of computer memory tasked with temporarily storing data for a quicker access
Ex:
graphical user interface
[noun]
the visual interaction that users have with the computer through icons, menus, etc.
Ex:
Users
praised
the
application
's
graphical user interface
for
its
simplicity
.