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Essential Vocabulary for the GRE - Paranoid Android

Here you will learn some English words about computer and internet, such as "trojan horse", "corrupt", "router", etc. that are needed for the GRE exam.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
analog
analog
[Adjective]

relating to or using signals in which information is represented through constant changing of physical quantities

Ex: The record player uses analog technology to reproduce sound from vinyl records. 
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trojan horse

a harmful program that pretends to be legitimate and can give unauthorized access to a device

Ex: The trojan horse disguised itself as a harmless email attachment. 
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source code

a text containing instructions in a specific order that supports a programming language which human can read and it specifies the behaviors of a computer system

Ex: The developer reviewed the source code to fix the bug. 
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to authenticate

to verify a device, user, or process before an access to the computer's resources is allowed

Ex: The system will authenticate your credentials before granting access. 
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to boot
to boot
[Verb]

to start a computer, typically involves setting up hardware elements to prepare the computer for use

Ex: She booted her laptop, eager to dive into her latest writing project. 
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beta version

a test version of software released to users to find and fix bugs before the final release

Ex: The developers released the beta version to get feedback from early users. 
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bootstrap
bootstrap
[noun]

a program that automatically loads and initializes the operating system on a computer

Ex: Bootstrap is a popular front-end framework for developing responsive and mobile-first websites. 
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cache
cache
[noun]

(computing) a type of computer memory in which information that is often in use can be stored temporarily, a cache can be accessed quickly and is needed while a program is running

Ex: The computer's cache helped speed up the program's performance. 
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clipboard
clipboard
[noun]

(computing) a temporary storage area for data that has been copied or cut

Ex: She copied the text to the clipboard for easy pasting. 
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compatibility

the ability of a computer, software, or equipment to work with another device or software

Ex: Check the software's compatibility before installing it on your computer. 
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configuration

the set-up, hardware, and software of a computer that makes a complete system

Ex: The IT team updated the computer’s configuration for better performance. 
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to corrupt

to cause errors or damage to a digital file, program, or system, either intentionally or unintentionally, due to a malfunction or interference

Ex: A virus can corrupt your computer files if you're not careful. 
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cyberspace

the non-physical space in which communication over computer networks takes place

Ex: With the rise of social media platforms, interactions in cyberspace have become increasingly common. 
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diagnostic

a tool that analyzes and identifies issues, errors, or problems within the software or system

Ex: Using the diagnostic revealed several errors in the software. 
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to disassemble

to convert machine code back into human-readable assembly language or source code for analysis or modification

Ex: The cybersecurity analyst used specialized tools to disassemble the malware code and uncover its malicious functionalities. 
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dongle
dongle
[noun]

a small hardware device that connects to a computer, smartphone, or other electronic device to provide additional functionality

Ex: The USB dongle plugged into the laptop enables wireless internet connectivity. 
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router
router
[noun]

an electronic device that connects computer networks and sends data between networks

Ex: The router distributes the internet connection to all devices in the home. 
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read-only memory

a type of non-volatile memory in a computer or electronic device where data is permanently stored

Ex: Game cartridges for retro gaming consoles often contain ROM chips that store the game's code and data. 
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proxy server

a server that acts as an intermediary between a user's device and the internet, forwarding requests and responses to enhance security, privacy, or performance

Ex: Organizations often use a proxy server to control and monitor internet access for security purposes. 
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piracy
piracy
[noun]

unauthorized reproduction, distribution, or use of copyrighted materials, such as software, music, movies, or books

Ex: Online piracy involves the illegal downloading or streaming of copyrighted movies, music, and software from the internet. 
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patch
patch
[noun]

a small piece of code or update applied to existing software to fix issues, enhance functionality, or address vulnerabilities

Ex: You need to install the latest patch to improve the app’s performance. 
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open-source
open-source
[Adjective]

(computing) describing a computer program whose source code is available to everyone

Ex: The team decided to use an open-source software for the new project. 
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overload
overload
[noun]

a condition where an electrical system or device receives more current than it can safely handle

Ex: The overload was quickly addressed by upgrading the circuit capacity. 
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malicious
malicious
[Adjective]

(of software or a code) intentionally designed to harm, damage, or disrupt computer systems, networks, or data

Ex: The antivirus software detected a malicious virus in the system. 
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intranet
intranet
[noun]

a private network within an organization for internal communication, collaboration, and resource sharing among members

Ex: The intranet serves as a central hub for sharing documents and collaborative work within the organization. 
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interface
interface
[noun]

(computing) the program through which a user can interact with a computer, especially its design and appearance

Ex: The interface of the new software is user-friendly and intuitive, making it easy for beginners to navigate. 
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to encrypt

to convert data or information into a coded form, mainly to prevent unauthorized access

Ex: The company encrypts sensitive customer data to protect it from hackers. 
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codec
codec
[noun]

a technology that compresses and decompresses audio or video data; facilitating efficient storage, transmission, and playback of multimedia content

Ex: The video file was saved using a popular codec for better compression. 
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firmware
firmware
[noun]

(computing) a type of software stored in a way that it cannot be modified or erased

Ex: The router's firmware was updated to fix security vulnerabilities. 
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to generate

to create a new set of data by using a mathematical or logical process to transform an existing set of data

Ex: The computer program generates random numbers to simulate various scenarios in the statistical model. 
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clock speed

the speed at which a computer can process information, expressed in (MHz)

Ex: The new processor boasts a clock speed of 3.6 GHz. 
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byte
byte
[noun]

a unit for measuring the size of computer data that equals 8 bits

Ex: The text file is 1 megabyte in size, which is equivalent to 8 million bytes. 
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binary
binary
[noun]

a numerical system that uses only two digits, 0 and 1, as its base

Ex: Understanding binary helps in learning how computers work at a basic level. 
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read-only
read-only
[Adjective]

characterized by a mode in which data or a file is accessible for viewing but cannot be modified or altered

Ex: He could only access the database in read-only mode. 
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to rip
to rip
[Verb]

to extract audio or video content from a physical medium, such as a CD or DVD and convert it into a digital format for storage or playback

Ex: He used a specialized software to rip the tracks from his CD collection onto his computer. 
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stack
stack
[noun]

a data structure that removes data in the reverse order of saving them and serves as a temporary storage

Ex: The programmer used a stack to keep track of function calls. 
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local area network

a network for communication between computers, usually within a building

Ex: A local area network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices within a limited geographical area, such as a home, office, or school. 
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to troubleshoot

to identify, analyze, and resolve problems or malfunctions in a system, device, or process to restore it to proper functioning

Ex: She troubleshoots the network issues daily. 
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random-access memory

a type of computer memory tasked with temporarily storing data for a quicker access

Ex: The new gaming laptop boasts 16GB of RAM for smooth multitasking and faster loading times. 
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graphical user interface

the visual interaction that users have with the computer through icons, menus, etc.

Ex: The software update included a new graphical user interface. 
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